The Oxford Encyclopedia of Latin American Politics

Harry E. Vanden is Professor Emeritus of Political Science and Latin American Studies at the University of South Florida, where he was the founding director of the Latin American and Caribbean Studies Center. Gary Prevost is Professor Emeritus of Political Science and Latin American Studies at the College of Saint Benedict and Saint John's University, and Research Associate in Political Studies at Nelson Mandela University.

A
Adoption and Evolution of Cash Transfer Programs in Latin America
Fabián A. Borges
Afro-Latin Social Movements in Latin America and the Caribbean
Kwame Dixon
Agrarian Elites and Democracy in Latin America After the Third Wave
Belén Fernández Milmanda
The Americas in the Trans-Pacific Partnership
Rubrick Biegon


B
Blackness, Race, and Politics in Argentina
Judith M. Anderson and Patricia Gomes
Bolivia and the Challenges of a Plurinational Democracy
Waltraud Queiser Morales
Brazil's Role in Latin American Regionalism
Javier A. Vadell and Clarisa Giaccaglia
Bureaucracy in Latin America
John Polga-Hecimovich
Business in Peace Negotiations in Latin America
Angelika Rettberg


C
The Changing Shapes of Latin American Welfare States
Evelyne Huber and Zoila Ponce de León
Characterization, Strategies, and Objectives of the Latin American Right
Barry Cannon
Chile's Political Democracy and Economic Inequality
Silvia Borzutzky
Clientelism in Latin American Politics
Ezequiel Gonzalez-Ocantos and Virginia Oliveros
Climate Change Politics in Latin America and the Caribbean
Matías Franchini
Constitutions in Latin American Politics
Jonathan Hartlyn and Alissandra T. Stoyan
Costa Rica's Historical Development and New Age of Progress
Adam Golob
Courts in Latin American Politics
Ezequiel Gonzalez- Ocantos
Cuba and Integration Processes in Latin America and the Caribbean
Carlos Oliva Campos and Gary Prevost
Cuba in an Age of Economic Reform
Gary Prevost
The Cyclical Phenomenon of Resource Nationalism in Latin America
Francisco J. Monaldi


D
The Drug Policy in the Americas From a Gender Perspective
Helena Salim de Castro
The Dynamics of Racial Discrimination in Cuba, Past and Present
Esteban Morales and August Nimtz


E
Ecuador's Social Movements, Electoral Politics, and Military Coups
Marc Becker
Electoral Reform and Political Representation of Women in Latin America
Flavia Freidenberg
The Electoral Representation of Evangelicals in Latin America
Taylor C. Boas
Electoral Systems and System Reforms in Latin America
Brian F. Crisp and Patrick Cunha Silva
Electoral Volatility in Latin America
Miguel Carreras and Igor Acácio
El Salvador's FMLN and the Constraints on Leftist Government
Kevin A. Young
Environmentalism in Latin America
Guillermo Castro Herrera
The European Union, Latin America, and the Caribbean
Susanne Gratius
Executive Legislative Relations in Latin American Politics
Cecilia Martínez-Gallardo and Marcelo Camerlo


F
Femicidio and Feminicidio Laws in Latin America
Pamela Neumann
Financial Globalization and Domestic Policy Autonomy in Latin America
Giselle Datz
Foreign Direct Investment and Its Politics in Latin America
R. Douglas Hecock


G
Gender and Memory in Truth Projects in Brazil
Colin M. Snider
Gender and Racial Violence Against Afro-Brazilian LGBTQ+ Women
Jaimee A. Swift
Gender, Race, and Political Representation in Latin America
Jennifer M. Piscopo and Kristin N. Wylie
Growing Participation in Peace Operations and Conflict Resolution in Latin American Countries
Kai Michael Kenkel
Guatemala's Struggle for Justice
Mario Roberto Morales


H
Honduran Social Movements: Then and Now
Suyapa G. Portillo Villeda and Cristian Padilla Romero


I
Identity in Latin American Regionalism: The Andean Community
Germán C. Prieto
Indigenous Movements in Latin America
Marc Becker and Richard Stahler-Sholk
Indigenous Politics and Resistance in Latin America: Continuity and Change
Pascal Lupien
Intergovernmental Relations in Latin America: Determinants and Dynamics
Julieta Suarez-Cao
The International Political Economy of Soy Agriculture in South America
Mariano Turzi
International Security in Latin America
Sebastian Bitar and Tom Long


L
Latin American Labor Regulation in the 21st Century
Matthew E. Carnes
Latin America's Autonomous Integration Initiatives
Jaime Antonio Preciado Coronado
Latin America's Socioeconomic Relationship With China: Is Development Still Possible?
Enrique Dussel Peters
Left Governments and Social Movements in Latin America
Manuel Larrabure
Legislatures and Representation in Latin American Politics
Emilia Simison


M
MERCOSUR and the Challenges of Regional Integration
Mahrukh Doctor
Mestizaje, Racial Discrimination, and Inequality in Latin America
Marcelo Paixão and Irene Rossetto
Mexico: The Evolution of a Multiparty State
Nora Hamilton and Patrice Olsen


N
Nicaragua's Troubled Transition to Democracy
Shelley A. McConnell


P
Panama, Its Politics, and the Canal Against Itself
Guillermo Castro Herrera
Paradiplomacy in Latin America: Between the Policy and the Research Agenda
Ana Carolina Mauad
Parties and Non-State Actors in Latin America
Santiago Anria and Christopher Chambers-Ju
Parties and Regime Change in Latin America
Laura Gamboa
Party Change and Adaptation in Latin America
Jennifer Cyr and Nicolás Liendo
Party Finance in Latin America
Kathleen Bruhn
Party Leadership and Institutionalization in Latin America
Diana Davila Gordillo and Kristin N. Wylie
Party Members and Activists in Latin America
Carlos Meléndez and Sebastián Umpierrez de Reguero
Party Organizational Structure in Latin America
Ana Petrova
Party-System Change in Latin America
Jason Seawright
Party Systems in Latin America
Laura Wills-Otero
The Path to Black Citizenship in Peru: Ethno-Racial Legislation and the Political Recognition of Afro- Descendants in the Country
Mariela I. Noles Cotito
Peasant Movements in Latin America
Bernardo Mançano Fernandes
Peru's Cleavages, Conflict, and Precarious Democracy
Cynthia McClintock
Pharmaceutical Patents in Latin America: Global Change, National Responses
Kenneth C. Shadlen
The Political Economy of Development Finance in Latin America
Leslie Elliott Armijo
The Political Economy of NAFTA/USMCA
Gustavo A. Flores-Macías and Mariano Sánchez- Talanquer
The Political Economy of Taxation in Latin America
Omar Sanchez-Sibony
The Political Economy of the Developmental State in Latin America
José Carlos Orihuela
Political Recruitment and Candidate Selection in Latin America
Peter M. Siavelis and Scott Morgenstern
The Presidency in Latin American Politics
Valeria Palanza


R
Racial Politics in Haiti
Kersuze Simeon-Jones
Resistance to Extractivism and Megaprojects in Latin America
Manuela L. Picq
The Resource Curse in Latin America
Elissaios Papyrakis and Lorenzo Pellegrini
Resource Wealth and Political Decentralization in Latin America
Moises Arce and Michael Hendricks


S
Student Movements in Latin America: Decolonizing and Feminizing Education and Life
Sara C. Motta, Norma Lucía Bermúdez Gómez, Katia Valenzuela Fuentes, and Ella Simone Dixon
Subregional Powers of Latin America: Colombia and Venezuela
Daniel Morales Ruvalcaba
Surveys and the Study of Latin American Politics
Ryan E. Carlin


T
Trade Union Politics in Latin America
Graciela Bensusán
Transnational Social Movements in Latin America
Marisa von Bülow


U
Urban Environmental Activism in Latin America
Marcelo Lopes de Souza
Urban Popular Movements in Latin America
Paul Dosh
Uruguay's Stability and Change in an Institutionalized Party System
Rafael Piñeiro Rodríguez and Fabrizio Scrollini Mendez


V
Venezuela's Oil Wealth and Social Transformation
Dario Azzellini
Voter Behavior in Latin America
Matthew M. Singer and Gabriela Ramalho Tafoya


W
The Washington Consensus in Latin America
Judith Teichman
Women and Political Power in Brazil
Pedro A. G. dos Santos and Débora Thomé
Work and Labor Movements in Latin America
Omar Manky Bonilla


Z
Zapatistas and New Ways of Doing Politics
Richard Stahler-Sholk