Western Europe 2021

Europa Publications’ regional publications are compiled by a team of editors and researchers, with introductory and country-specific material provided by specialists in their field: 　 Reem Ahmed. Researcher, Institute for Peace Research and Security Policy, University of Hamburg, Germany. Jussi Ahokas. Chief Economist, SOSTE (Finnish Federation for Social Affairs and Health), Helsinki, Finland. Lino Briguglio. Professor of Economics, and Director, Islands and Small States Institute, University of Malta, Malta. Alexander Caviedes. Director, Academic Advisement and Information Center, Farmingdale State College, State University of New York, USA. Günther K. Chaloupek. Former Director of Economic Policy Section, Austrian Chamber of Labour, Vienna, Austria. Jacob Christensen. Senior Lecturer, Department of Social Work and Administration, University College Lillebaelt, Odense, Denmark. Clive H. Church. Emeritus Professor of European Studies, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom. John Coakley. Professor, School of History, Anthropology, Philosophy and Politics, Queen’s University Belfast, United Kingdom, and Fellow of the Geary Institute for Public Policy, University College Dublin, Ireland. Andrew Cottey. Senior Lecturer and Jean Monnet Chair in European Political Integration, Department of Government and Politics, University College Cork, Ireland. Xavier Cuadras Morató. Associate Professor, Department of Economics and Business, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain. Elena Danescu. Research Scientist, Luxembourg Centre for Contemporary and Digital History, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg. Jakob de Haan. Professor of Political Economy, University of Groningen, Netherlands. Nicholas Dickinson. Bingham Early Career Fellow in Constitutional Studies, Balliol College, University of Oxford, United Kingdom. Richard Gillespie. Emeritus Professor of Politics, University of Liverpool, United Kingdom. Rögnvaldur Hannesson. Professor Emeritus, Norwegian School of Economics, Bergen, Norway. Anna-Lena Högenauer. Assistant Professor, Department of Social Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Luxembourg. Mikko Kuisma. Program Lead and Lecturer, University of Tübingen, Germany. Mart Kuldkepp. Associate Professor of Scandinavian History and Politics, Department of Scandinavian Studies/ European Social and Political Studies, University College London, United Kingdom. David Lea. Writer and analyst on European political and economic affairs. Miguel Lebre de Freitas. Assistant Professor, Nova School of Business and Economics and University of Aveiro, Portugal. Stewart Lloyd-Jones. ISCTE-IUL—Instituto Universitário de Lisboa, Lisbon, Portugal, and Director of the Contemporary Portuguese History Research Centre. Robert E. Looney. Distinguished Professor, Naval Postgraduate School, Monterey, CA, USA, and international consultant specializing in economic development. Kurt Richard Luther. Emeritus Professor of Comparative Politics, Keele University, United Kingdom, and Visiting Professor, Tongji University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China. Lars Magnusson. Professor in Economic History, Department of Economic History, Uppsala University, Sweden. Maurits Meijers. Department of Political Science, Institute of Management Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands. Susan Milner. Professor of European Politics and Society, Department of Politics, Languages and International Studies, University of Bath, United Kingdom. Manuela Mischitelli. School of European Political Economy (SEP), Luiss University, Rome, Italy. Tommy Möller. Professor of Political Science, Stockholm University, Sweden. Brendan Moore. Senior Research Associate, Centre for Climate Change and Social Transformations, University of East Anglia, United Kingdom. Anthony Mughan. Emeritus Professor of Political Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA. James L. Newell. Co-Editor of Contemporary Italian Politics, Routledge, United Kingdom. Katrín Ólafsdóttir. Assistant Professor, Department of Business Administration, Reykjavík University, Iceland. Stefanía Óskarsdóttir. Associate Professor, University of Iceland, Reykjavík, Iceland. William E. Paterson. Honorary Professor of German and European Politics, Aston Centre for Europe, Aston University, Birmingham, United Kingdom. Godfrey A. Pirotta. Professor of Government and Policy Studies, and Chairperson, Mediterranean Academy of Diplomatic Studies, University of Malta, Malta. Daniela Pisoiu. Senior Researcher, Austrian Institute for International Affairs, Vienna, Austria. Christian Schweiger. Visiting Professor and Chair, Comparative European Governance Systems, Institute for Political Science, Chemnitz University of Technology, Germany. James Shields. Honorary Professor in French Studies, University of Warwick, United Kingdom. Marco Simoni. Luiss University, Rome, and President, Human Technopole, Milan, Italy. Tobias Straumann. Senior Lecturer of Economic History, University of Zurich, Switzerland. Paul Tobin. Senior Lecturer, Department of Politics, University of Manchester, United Kingdom. Francisco Torres. Visiting Professor, Católica Lisbon School of Business and Economics, Portugal. Benthe van Wanrooij. Department of Political Science, Institute of Management Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands. Martin Westlake. Visiting Professor in Practice in the European Institute, London School of Economics and Political Science, United Kingdom, and Visiting Professor, European Political and Governance Studies Department, College of Europe, Bruges, Belgium. Steven B. Wolinetz. Professor Emeritus, Department of Political Science, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Canada. Andrej Zaslove. Department of Political Science, Institute of Management Research, Radboud University, Nijmegen, Netherlands.

PART ONE General Survey

The European Union, Brexit and the Coronavirus Pandemic

MARTIN WESTLAKE

Western Europe, the European Union and the Eurozone Economic Perspectives

CHRISTIAN SCHWEIGER

European Foreign and Security Policy

ANDREW COTTEY

The ‘Green Wave’ in Western Europe

PAUL TOBIN and BRENDAN MOORE

The Challenges of Internal and External Migration in Europe

ALEXANDER CAVIEDES

Populism in Western Europe: Parties, Ideological Dimensions and Voters

ANDREJ ZASLOVE, BENTHE VAN WANROOIJ and MAURITS J. MEIJERS

Islam and Western Europe

REEM AHMED and DANIELA PISOIU

PART TWO Country Surveys

Sections on geography, history, chronology and economy, as well as statistical surveys, directories and bibliographies for each country

ANDORRA

AUSTRIA

History KURT RICHARD LUTHER

Economy GÜNTHER K. CHALOUPEK

BELGIUM

History ANTHONY MUGHAN

Economy DAVID LEA

DENMARK

History JACOB CHRISTENSEN

Economy ROBERT E. LOONEY

DANISH EXTERNAL TERRITORIES

THE FAROE ISLANDS

GREENLAND

FINLAND

History MIKKO KUISMA

Economy JUSSI AHOKAS

FINNISH EXTERNAL TERRITORY

THE ÅLAND ISLANDS

FRANCE

History JAMES SHIELDS

Economy SUSAN MILNER

GERMANY

History WILLIAM E. PATERSON

Economy CHRISTIAN SCHWEIGER

ICELAND

History STEFANIA OSKARSDOTTIR

Economy KATRIN OLAFSDOTTIR

IRELAND

History JOHN COAKLEY

Economy DAVID LEA

ITALY

History JAMES L. NEWELL

Economy MANUELA MISCHITELLI and MARCO SIMONI

LIECHTENSTEIN

LUXEMBOURG

History ANNA-LENA HÖGENAUER

Economy ELENA DANESCU

MALTA

History GODFREY A. PIROTTA

Economy LINO BRIGUGLIO

MONACO

THE NETHERLANDS

History STEVEN B. WOLINETZ

Economy JAKOB DE HAAN

NORWAY

History MART KULDKEPP

Economy RÖGNVALDUR HANNESSON

NORWEGIAN EXTERNAL TERRITORIES

SVALBARD

JAN MAYEN

PORTUGAL

History STEWART LLOYD-JONES

Economy MIGUEL LEBRE DE FREITAS and FRANCISCO TORRES

SAN MARINO

SPAIN

History RICHARD GILLESPIE

Economy XAVIER CUADRAS MORATO

SWEDEN

History TOMMY MÖLLER

Economy LARS MAGNUSSON

SWITZERLAND

History CLIVE H. CHURCH

Economy TOBIAS STRAUMANN

THE UNITED KINGDOM

History NICHOLAS DICKINSON

Economy ROBERT E. LOONEY

UNITED KINGDOM CROWN DEPENDENCIES

THE CHANNEL ISLANDS

Guernsey

Islands of the Bailiwick of Guernsey

Jersey

THE ISLE OF MAN

UNITED KINGDOM OVERSEAS TERRITORY

GIBRALTAR

THE VATICAN CITY

PART THREE Regional Information

RESEARCH INSTITUTES

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY (BOOKS)

SELECT BIBLIOGRAPHY (PERIODICALS)