The Oxford Encyclopedia of Climate Change Communication

Matthew C. Nisbet (Editor in Chief) is Professor of Communication Studies and Affiliate Professor of Public Policy and Urban Affairs at Northeastern University. He is Editor in Chief of the journal Environmental Communication and a consulting communication researcher to the American Association for the Advancement of Science. Nisbet holds a Ph.D. and M.S. in Communication from Cornell University and a B.A. in Government from Dartmouth College. Shirley S. Ho (Associate Ed.) is Associate Professor and Assistant Chair for Faculty Affairs in the Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information at Nanyang Technological University, Singapore. Her research focuses on cross-cultural public opinion dynamics related to science and technology, with potential health or environmental impacts. Specifically, her work emphasizes the roles of values, social media and other emerging modes of communication in shaping public attitudes toward science and technology. Ezra Markowitz (Associate Ed.) is Assistant Professor of Environmental Decision-Making at the University of Massachusetts Amherst. His research focuses on the intersection of decision-making, persuasive communication and environmental sustainability. Saffron O'Neill (Associate Ed.) is Associate Professor in Geography at the University of Exeter, UK. Her research focuses on risk perception, risk communication and public engagement with climate change and climate variability; and the implications of these areas for public policy. Mike S. Schäfer (Associate Ed.) is Professor of Communication Science at the University of Zurich and Director of the University's Center for Higher Education and Science Studies (CHESS). His research focuses on science communication and climate change communication in legacy and online media, as well as on theories of the public sphere. Jagadish Thaker (Associate Ed.) is a Senior Lecturer at the School of Communication, Journalism and Marketing at Massey University. His research examines ways to understand and enhance vulnerable communities' adaptive capacity to climate change impacts, and he specializes in the fields of science and climate change communication, health communication, and strategic communication campaigns.

A
Affective Imagery, Risk Perceptions, and Climate Change Communication
Agenda Building, Narratives, and Attention Cycles in Climate Change News Coverage
Agricultural Extension and Climate Change Communication
The Arts and Humanities in Climate Change Engagement
Audience Segmentation and Climate Change Communication

C
Climate Change and Celebrity
Climate Change Communication and Indigenous Publics
Climate Change Communication in Argentina
Climate Change Communication in Austria
Climate Change Communication in Belgium
Climate Change Communication in Canada
Climate Change Communication in China
Climate Change Communication in Colombia
Climate Change Communication in Denmark
Climate Change Communication in Germany
Climate Change Communication in Hong Kong and Taiwan
Climate Change Communication in India
Climate Change Communication in Ireland
Climate Change Communication in Italy
Climate Change Communication in Japan
Climate Change Communication in Middle East and Arab Countries
Climate Change Communication in New Zealand
Climate Change Communication in Norway
Climate Change Communication in Peru
Climate Change Communication in Portugal
Climate Change Communication in Russia
Climate Change Communication in Singapore
Climate Change Communication in South Korea
Climate Change Communication in Spain
Climate Change Communication in Switzerland
Climate Change Communication in the Netherlands
Climate Change Communication in Turkey
Climate Change Communication on Facebook, Twitter, Sina Weibo, and Other Social Media Platforms
Climate Change Conspiracy Theories
Cognitive Biases, Non-Rational Judgments, and Public Perceptions of Climate Change
Communicating about Biodiversity, Public Engagement, and Climate Change
Communicating about Biofuels and Climate Change
Communicating about Carbon Capture and Storage
Communicating about Carbon Taxes and Emissions Trading Programs
Communicating about Climate Change across Workplace and Organizational Settings
Communicating about Climate Change with Corporate Leaders and Stakeholders
Communicating about Climate Change with Farmers
Communicating about Climate Change with Journalists and Media Producers
Communicating about Climate Change with Policymakers
Communicating about Climate Change with Religious Groups and Leaders
Communicating about Climate Change with Urban Populations and Decision-Makers
Communicating about Fossil Fuel Divestment
Communicating about Hydropower, Dams, and Climate Change
Communicating about Nuclear Energy and Climate Change
Communicating about Solar Energy and Climate Change
Communicating Climate Change Adaptation and Resilience
Communicating Sea Level Rise
Communicating the Public Health Risks of Climate Change
Communication Strategies of Environmental NGOs and Advocacy Groups
Content Analysis in Climate Change Communication
Countering Climate Science Denial and Communicating Scientific Consensus

D
Determinants and Measurement of Climate Change Risk Perception, Worry, and Concern
Discourse Analysis in Climate Change Communication
Documentary and Edutainment Portrayals of Climate Change and their Societal Impacts

E
Economic Conditions and Public Opinion on Climate Change
Economic, Technological, and Organizational Factors Influencing News Coverage of Climate Change
Effects of Rapid Climate Change on Violence and Conflict
Effects of Social Media Use on Climate Change Opinion, Knowledge, and Behavior
Effects of TV and Cable News Viewing on Climate Change Opinion, Knowledge, and Behavior
Elite News Coverage of Climate Change
Engaging with Climate Change Imagery
Entertainment Film and TV Portrayals of Climate Change and their Societal Impacts
Ethics for Climate Change Communicators

F
Fear Appeals in Climate Change Communication
Frame Analysis in Climate Change Communication
Framing of Climate Change in United States Science Education

G
Geographies of Climate Change Beliefs
"Global Warming" versus "Climate Change" and the Influence of Labeling on Public Perceptions

I
Ideology in Climate Change Communication
Impact of Journalistic Background, Professional Norms, and Culture on Climate Change Coverage
Influence of Labelling and Incivility on Climate Change Communication
The Information Deficit Model and Climate Change Communication
Internet-Enabled Activism and Climate Change

J
Journalistic Depictions of Uncertainty about Climate Change

L
Linguistic Analysis in Climate Change Communication

M
Media Coverage on International Climate Summits and Negotiations
Mental Models and Risk Perceptions of Climate Change
Methods for Assessing Journalistic Decisions, Advocacy Strategies, and Climate Change Communication Practices
Methods for Assessing Online Climate Change Communication, Social Media Discussion, and Behavior
Methods for Assessing Visual Images and Depictions of Climate Change

N
Narrative Persuasion and Storytelling as Climate Communication Strategies
Communication, Negotiation, and Influence at International Climate Change Meetings and Summits

O
Objectivity, False Balance, and Advocacy in News Coverage of Climate Change
Online and Social Media Campaigns for Climate Change Engagement

P
Participatory and Deliberative Approaches to Climate Change
Partisan Cueing and Polarization in Public Opinion about Climate Change
Perceived Temporal and Geographic Distance and Public Opinion about Climate Change
Personal Experience, Extreme Weather Events, and Perceptions of Climate Change
Political Participation and Voting Relevant to Climate Change
Portrayal and Impacts of Climate Change in Advertising and Consumer Campaigns
Psychological Challenges in Communicating about Climate Change and its Uncertainties
Psychological, Social, and Cultural Barriers to Communicating about Climate Change
Public Knowledge, Scientific Literacy, Numeracy, and Perceptions of Climate Change

R
Race, Class, Gender and Climate Change Communication
Religious Identity, Beliefs and Views about Climate Change

S
Scientists' Views about Public Engagement and Science Communication in the Context of Climate Change
Shifting Roles of Science Journalists Covering Climate Change
Social Capital and Climate Change Adaptation
Social Movement Participation and Climate Change
Source Influence on Journalistic Decisions and News Coverage of Climate Change
Strategic Framing and Persuasive Messaging to Influence Climate Change Perceptions and Decisions
Strategies for Countering False Information and Beliefs about Climate Change
Sustainability Science and Climate Change Communication

T
TV and Cable News Coverage of Climate Change
TV Meteorologists as Local Climate Change Educators

W
Wildfire Communication and Climate Risk Mitigation

Y
Young People and Climate Change Communication

Z
Zoos and Aquaria as Informal Learning Environments for Climate Change Communication


TOPICAL OUTLINE OF ARTICLES:


Climate Change Public Opinion, Knowledge, and Behavior

Conceptualizing and Evaluating the Role of Public Opinion in Societal Decisions
-- The Information Deficit Model and Climate Change Communication

Cognitive Processing, Heuristics and Perceptions of Climate Change
-- Mental Models and Risk Perceptions of Climate Change
-- Cognitive Biases, Non-Rational Judgments, and Public Perceptions of Climate Change
-- Public Knowledge, Scientific Literacy, Numeracy, and Perceptions of Climate Change
-- Partisan Cueing and Polarization in Public Opinion about Climate Change
-- Affective Imagery, Risk Perceptions, and Climate Change Communication
-- Perceived Temporal and Geographic Distance and Public Opinion about Climate Change
-- "Global Warming" versus "Climate Change" and the Influence of Labeling on Public Perceptions

Personal Experience, Salience, and Perceptions of Climate Change
-- Economic Conditions and Public Opinion on Climate Change
-- Personal Experience, Extreme Weather Events, and Perceptions of Climate Change

Emotion, Social Norms, and Public Opinion about Climate Change
-- Countering Climate Science Denial and Communicating Scientific Consensus
-- Determinants and Measurement of Climate Change Risk Perception, Worry, and Concern

Values, Worldviews and Public Perceptions
-- Climate Change Conspiracy Theories

Social Identity, Background, and Public Perceptions
-- Race, Class, Gender and Climate Change Communication
-- Geographies of Climate Change Beliefs

Ethics, Morals, Cultural Beliefs and Perceptions of Climate Change
-- Religious Identity, Beliefs and Views about Climate Change
-- Ethics for Climate Change Communicators

Climate Change-Related Social, Political, and Consumer Behavior
-- Political Participation and Voting Relevant to Climate Change
-- Social Movement Participation and Climate Change
-- Social Capital and Climate Change Adaptation
-- Effects of Rapid Climate Change on Violence and Conflict


Media Portrayals of Climate Change and their Societal Effects

Social, Ideological, and Cultural Factors Shaping News Media Portrayals
-- Objectivity, False Balance, and Advocacy in News Coverage of Climate Change
-- Journalistic Depictions of Uncertainty about Climate Change
-- Agenda Building, Narratives, and Attention Cycles in Climate Change News Coverage
-- Ideology in Climate Change Communication
-- Scientists' Views about Public Engagement and Science Communication in the Context of Climate Change

Organizational and Source Influences on Climate Change Coverage
-- Impact of Journalistic Background, Professional Norms, and Culture on Climate Change Coverage
-- Shifting Roles of Science Journalists Covering Climate Change
-- Economic, Technological, and Organizational Factors Influencing News Coverage of Climate Change
-- Source Influence on Journalistic Decisions and News Coverage of Climate Change

Media Portrayals of Climate Change across News Outlet and Type of Organization
-- Elite News Coverage of Climate Change
-- TV and Cable News Coverage of Climate Change
-- Climate Change Communication on Facebook, Twitter, Sina Weibo, and Other Social Media Platforms

Journalistic Decisions and News Coverage Specific to Major Political Focusing Events
-- Media Coverage on International Climate Summits and Negotiations

News and Social Media Use and their Effects on Audiences
-- Effects of TV and Cable News Viewing on Climate Change Opinion, Knowledge, and Behavior
-- Effects of Social Media Use on Climate Change Opinion, Knowledge, and Behavior

Non-Traditional Media Portrayals of Climate Change and Their Societal Impacts
-- Engaging with Climate Change Imagery
-- Documentary and Edutainment Portrayals of Climate Change and their Societal Impacts
-- Entertainment Film and TV Portrayals of Climate Change and their Societal Impacts
-- Portrayal and Impacts of Climate Change in Advertising and Consumer Campaigns


Climate Change Communication Strategies and Campaigns

Major Challenges, Debates, and Issues in Climate Change Communication
-- Psychological, Social, and Cultural Barriers to Communicating about Climate Change
-- TV Meteorologists as Local Climate Change Educators
-- Psychological Challenges in Communicating about Climate Change and its Uncertainties
-- Influence of Labelling and Incivility on Climate Change Communication

Communication, Persuasion, and Message Design Strategies
-- Narrative Persuasion and Storytelling as Climate Communication Strategies
-- Strategic Framing and Persuasive Messaging to Influence Climate Change Perceptions and Decisions
-- Fear Appeals in Climate Change Communication
-- Strategies for Countering False Information and Beliefs about Climate Change
-- Audience Segmentation and Climate Change Communication

Public Education Campaigns and Informal Learning Initiatives
-- The Arts and Humanities in Climate Change Engagement
-- Zoos and Aquaria as Informal Learning Environments for Climate Change Communication
-- Communicating about Climate Change across Workplace and Organizational Settings
-- Climate Change and Celebrity
-- Participatory and Deliberative Approaches to Climate Change
-- Online and Social Media Campaigns for Climate Change Engagement

Activism, Mobilization, and Political Influence Campaigns
-- Communication Strategies of Environmental NGOs and Advocacy Groups
-- Internet-Enabled Activism and Climate Change
-- Communication, Negotiation, and Influence at International Climate Change Meetings and Summits

Climate Change Communication with Specialized Groups
-- Communicating about Climate Change with Journalists and Media Producers
-- Young People and Climate Change Communication
-- Framing of Climate Change in United States Science Education
-- Communicating about Climate Change with Religious Groups and Leaders
-- Communicating about Climate Change with Corporate Leaders and Stakeholders
-- Climate Change Communication and Indigenous Publics
-- Communicating about Climate Change with Urban Populations and Decision-Makers
-- Communicating about Climate Change with Farmers
-- Communicating about Climate Change with Policymakers


Communication, Media, and Public Opinion about Climate Change Impacts

Environmental Impacts of Climate Change
-- Communicating Sea Level Rise
-- Communicating about Biodiversity, Public Engagement, and Climate Change
-- Wildfire Communication and Climate Risk Mitigation

Human and Societal Impacts of Climate Change
-- Communicating the Public Health Risks of Climate Change
-- Agricultural Extension and Climate Change Communication
-- Sustainability Science and Climate Change Communication


Communication, Media, and Public Opinion about Climate Change Policies and Technologies

Climate Mitigation and Adaptation Policies and Actions
-- Communicating about Carbon Taxes and Emissions Trading Programs
-- Communicating about Fossil Fuel Divestment
-- Communicating Climate Change Adaptation and Resilience

Climate Change Technologies and Clean Energy Sources
-- Communicating about Solar Energy and Climate Change
-- Communicating about Nuclear Energy and Climate Change
-- Communicating about Biofuels and Climate Change
-- Communicating about Hydropower, Dams, and Climate Change
-- Communicating about Carbon Capture and Storage


Communication, Media, and Public Opinion about Climate Change across Countries

Europe
-- Climate Change Communication in Germany
-- Climate Change Communication in Austria
-- Climate Change Communication in Switzerland
-- Climate Change Communication in Denmark
-- Climate Change Communication in Norway
-- Climate Change Communication in the Netherlands
-- Climate Change Communication in Belgium
-- Climate Change Communication in Ireland
-- Climate Change Communication in Spain
-- Climate Change Communication in Portugal
-- Climate Change Communication in Italy
-- Climate Change Communication in Russia
-- Climate Change Communication in Turkey

Asia and Oceania
-- Climate Change Communication in China
-- Climate Change Communication in Hong Kong and Taiwan
-- Climate Change Communication in South Korea
-- Climate Change Communication in Japan
-- Climate Change Communication in India
-- Climate Change Communication in Singapore
-- Climate Change Communication in New Zealand

North and Central America
-- Climate Change Communication in Canada

South America
-- Climate Change Communication in Colombia
-- Climate Change Communication in Peru
-- Climate Change Communication in Argentina

Middle East and Africa
-- Climate Change Communication in Middle East and Arab Countries


Methods of Analyzing and Evaluating Climate Change Communication

Assessing the Content of Climate Change Communication and Media Portrayals
-- Content Analysis in Climate Change Communication
-- Frame Analysis in Climate Change Communication
-- Linguistic Analysis in Climate Change Communication
-- Discourse Analysis in Climate Change Communication
-- Methods for Assessing Visual Images and Depictions of Climate Change
-- Methods for Assessing Online Climate Change Communication, Social Media Discussion, and Behavior
-- Methods for Assessing Journalistic Decisions, Advocacy Strategies, and Climate Change Communication Practices