Front Cover 1
SIDE EFFECTS OF DRUGS ANNUAL 4
Copyright 5
Contributors 6
Contents 10
Preface 14
Special Reviews in SEDA-36 16
Table of Essays, Annuals 1–35 18
Mechanistic and Clinical Descriptions of Adverse Drug Reactions 20
EIDOS 20
DOTS 20
References 25
Definitive (Between-the-Eyes) Adverse Drug Reactions 26
References 28
How to Use This Book 32
THE SCOPE OF THE SIDE EFFECTS OF DRUGS ANNUALS 32
ALLOCATION OF DRUGS TO CHAPTERS 32
Abbreviations 34
Classification of Immunological Reactions 38
OTHER TYPES OF REACTIONS 39
References 39
Classification of Drug Teratogenicity 40
References 40
Grades of Adverse Drug Reactions 42
References 43
Chapter 1 - Central Nervous System Stimulants and Drugs that Suppress Appetite 44
AMPHETAMINE AND AMPHETAMINE DERIVATES [SEDA-15, 180 SEDA-32, 1
METHYLPHENIDATE [SEDA-15, 2307 SEDA-32, 10
METHYLXANTHINES 47
SELECTIVE NOREPINEPHRINE REUPTAKE INHIBITORS ATOMOXETINE [SEDA-33, 6 SEDA-34, 4]
VIGILANCE PROMOTING DRUGS 47
DRUGS THAT SUPPRESS APPETITE [SEDA-30, 7 SEDA-32, 16
PARASYMPATHOMIMETICS [SEDA-32, 19 SEDA-33, 15
References 50
Chapter 2 - Antidepressant Drugs 54
GENERAL 54
SELECTIVE SEROTONIN REUPTAKE INHIBITORS [SED-15, 3109 SEDA-31, 18
SEROTONIN AND NORADRENALINE REUPTAKE INHIBITORS 62
TRICYCLIC ANTIDEPRESSANTS 63
OTHER ANTIDEPRESSANTS 63
References 66
Chapter 3 - Lithium 70
LITHIUM TOXICITY 72
References 76
Chapter 4 - Drugs of Abuse 80
CANNABINOIDS 80
COCAINE 86
ECSTASY (3,4-METHYLENEDIOXYMETAMFETAMINE) 88
References 94
Chapter 5 - Hypnosedatives and Anxiolytics 96
BENZODIAZEPINES [SED-15, 429 SEDA-31, 57
HYPNOSEDATIVES AND BENZODIAZEPINE-LIKE DRUGS [SED-15, 3710 SEDA-33, 78
References 100
Chapter 6 - Antipsychotic Drugs 102
GENERAL [SED-15, 2438 SEDA-32, 83
INDIVIDUAL DRUGS 108
References 119
Chapter 7 - Antiepileptic Drugs 128
RX PHARMACOGENOMICS AND ANTIEPILEPTIC MEDICATIONS 128
GENERAL 129
COMPARATIVE STUDIES 129
ETHOSUXIMIDE 133
References 143
Chapter 8 - Opioid Analgesics and Narcotic Antagonists 150
RX: OPIOID ABUSE EPIDEMIC AND THE ROLE OF TAKE-HOME NALOXONE 150
ALFENTANIL [SED-15, 72 SEDA-33, 209
CODEINE [SED-15, 880 SEDA-33, 209
DEXTROMETROPHAN [SED-15, 1088 SEDA-33, 210
DIAMORPHINE [SED-15, 1096 SEDA-33, 210
DIHYDROCODEINE [SED-15, 1125 SEDA-33, 211
FENTANYL [SED-15, 1346 SEDA-33, 211
HYDROCODONE [SED-15, 1702 SEDA-34, 156
METHADONE [SED-15, 2270 SEDA-33, 214
MORPHINE [SED-15, 2386 SEDA-33, 216
OXYCODONE [SED-15, 2651 SEDA-33, 219
PAPAVERINE [SED-15, 2678 SEDA-33, 221
PETHIDINE (MEPERIDINE) [SED-15, 2791 SEDA-33, 221
REMIFENTANYL [SED-15, 3030 SEDA-33, 222
TRAMADOL [SED-15, 3469 SEDA-33, 224
BUPRENORPHINE [SED-15, 571 SEDA-33, 225
METHYLNALTREXONE [SED-15, 2307 SEDA-33, 227
NALOXONE [SED-15, 2421 SEDA-33, 227
NALTREXONE [SED-15, 2423 SEDA-33, 228
References 157
Chapter 9 - Anti-inflammatory and Antipyretic Analgesics and Drugs Used in Gout 162
NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS 162
ARYLALKANOIC ACID DERIVATIVES [SED-15, 2555 SEDA-32, 229
COX-2 SELECTIVE INHIBITORS [SEDA-30, 130 SEDA-32, 232
CELECOXIB [SED-15, 685 SEDA-32, 233
ETORICOXIB 169
ROFECOXIB [SED-15, 3076 SEDA-32, 233
OXICAMS [SEDA-15, 2555 SEDA-32, 233
PROPIONIC ACID DERIVATIVES 170
SALICYLATES [SED-15, 15 SEDA-33, 248
NEFOPAM [SED-15, 2433 SEDA-34, 188, SEDA-35, 207]
NIMESULIDE 171
FEBUXOSTAT [SEDA-32, 235 SEDA-33, 250, SEDA-35, 209]
RASBURICASE [SEDA-32, 236 SEDA-33, 250, SEDA-35, 209]
References 178
Chapter 10 - General Anaesthetics and Therapeutic Gases 182
ANAESTHETIC VAPOURS [SEDA-32, 243 SEDA-33, 257
ISOFLURANE [SED-15, 1921 SEDA-33, 258
SEVOFLURANE [SED-15, 3123 SEDA-33,258
OTHER VAPOURS 187
INTRAVENOUS AGENTS: NON-BARBITURATE ANAESTHETICS 188
Chapter 11 - Local Anesthetics 208
EFFECTS RELATED TO MODE OF USE 208
CAUDAL, EPIDURAL AND SPINAL ANESTHESIA 209
INDIVIDUAL COMPOUNDS 212
References 214
Chapter 12 - Neuromuscular Blocking Agents and Skeletal Muscle Relaxants 216
DEPOLARISING NEUROMUSCULAR BLOCKING AGENTS 216
SKELETAL MUSCLE RELAXANTS 216
ORGANS AND SYSTEMS 217
SUSCEPTIBILITY FACTORS 217
BOTULINUM TOXINS 217
ORGANS AND SYSTEMS 218
CYCLOBENZAPRINE 218
ORGAN SYSTEMS 219
TIZANIDINE 219
DRUG INTERACTIONS 219
References 219
Chapter 13 - Drugs that Affect Autonomic Functions or the Extrapyramidal System 222
DRUGS THAT ACT ON ALPHA- AND BETA-ADRENOCEPTORS [SEDA-31,259 SEDA-32, 281, SEDA-33, 313, SEDA-34,233
DRUGS THAT PREDOMINATLY ACT ON ALPHA1-ADRENOCEPTORS [SEDA-33, 318, SEDA-34,236, SEDA-35, 257] 229
DRUGS THAT ACT ON BETA1-ADRENOCEPTORS [SEDA-33, 265, SEDA-34,285, SEDA-35,257] 230
DRUGS THAT ACT ON BETA2-ADRENOCEPTORS 231
DRUGS THAT ACT ON DOPAMINE RECEPTORS [SEDA-33, 266, SEDA-34,283, SEDA-35, 258] 233
DRUGS THAT AFFECT THE CHOLINERGIC SYSTEM [SEDA-33, 324, SEDA-34,290-1,318, SEDA-35, 266] 242
References 243
Chapter 14 - Dermatological Drugs, Topical Agents, and Cosmetics 246
ACITRETIN 246
ARSENIC TRIOXIDE 247
BENZOYL PEROXIDE 247
BUDESONIDE 247
CALCIPOTRIOL 248
CHEMORADIATION THERAPY 249
COLLAGEN VASCULAR DISEASES 249
COSMETICS AND CREAMS 250
CYTOKINES 251
DERMATITIS 251
DETERGENTS AND CAUSTIC SUBSTANCES 252
DIFLUPREDNATE 252
DRESSING 253
FINASTERIDE 254
FLUOCINOLONE 255
HAIR DYE 255
HYALURONIC ACID 256
HYDROXYCARBAMIDE 257
HYDROXYUREA 258
ISOTRETINOIN 259
LASER THERAPIES 260
MOUTHWASHES 261
PHOTODYNAMIC THERAPY 262
PREDNISOLONE 263
PREDNISONE AND OTHER CORTICOSTEROIDS 265
PUVA 267
RETINOIC ACID 267
SILICON OIL 269
STEROIDS 269
SUNSCREENS 270
TANNIC ACID 271
TRICHLORACETIC ACID 271
VITAMIN D 271
References 272
Chapter 15 - Antihistamines (H1 Receptor Antagonists) 276
GENERAL 276
OTHER ANTIHISTAMINES 277
References 281
Chapter 16 - Drugs that Act on the Respiratory Tract 284
INHALED GLUCOCORTICOIDS [SEDA-32, 311 SEDA-33, 353
NASAL GLUCOCORTICOIDS [SEDA-34, 279 SEDA-35, 314]
BETA2-ADRENOCEPTOR AGONISTS [SEDA-32, 314 SEDA-33, 357
ANTICHOLINERGIC DRUGS [SEDA-32, 318 SEDA-33, 363
LEUKOTRIENE MODIFIERS [SEDA-32, 319 SEDA-33, 366
PHOSPHODIESTERASE INHIBITORS [SEDA-32, 321 SEDA-33, 367
MUCOLYTIC DRUGS [SEDA-32, 325 SEDA-33, 369
ANTITUSSIVE DRUGS [SEDA-35, 322] 296
References 296
Chapter 17 - Positive Inotropic Drugs and Drugs Used in Dysrhythmias 300
CARDIAC GLYCOSIDES [SEDA-15, 648 SEDA-32, 333
OTHER POSITIVE INOTROPIC DRUGS [SEDA-15, 2822 SEDA-32, 336
ANTIDYSRHYTHMIC DRUGS 301
AJMALINE [SEDA-15, 45 SEDA-34, 292]
AMIODARONE [SEDA-15, 148 SEDA-32, 339
BEPRIDIL [SEDA-15, 445 SEDA-33, 384
CIBENZOLINE [SEDA-15, 740 SEDA-32, 347
DRONEDARONE [SEDA-33, 386 SEDA-34, 296]
FLECAINIDE [SEDA-15, 1370 SEDA-32, 348
PROPAFENONE [SEDA-15, 2939 SEDA-33, 389
RANOLAZINE 306
References 307
Chapter 18 - ß-Adrenoceptor Antagonists and Antianginal Drugs 310
.-ADRENORECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS [SED-15, 452 SEDA-32, 363
LABETALOL [SED-15, 1985 SEDA-32, 364
METOPROLOL [SEDA-35, 352] 312
PROPRANOLOL [SEDA-35, 352] 312
POTASSIUM CHANNEL ACTIVATORS 313
NITRATES, ORGANIC [SED-15, 2529 SEDA-32, 366
CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS [SED-15, 598 SEDA-32, 366
NICARDIPINE [SED-15, 2502 SEDA-32, 367
NIFEDIPINE [SED-15, 2516 SEDA-33, 402
VERAPAMIL [SED-15, 3618 SEDA-32, 367
CARVEDILOL 315
CARDIOVASCULAR 315
References 315
Chapter 19 - Drugs Acting on the Cerebral and Peripheral Circulations 318
DRUGS USED IN THE TREATMENT OF ARTERIAL DISORDERS OF THE BRAIN AND LIMBS 318
DRUGS USED IN THE TREATMENT OF MIGRAINE 320
OTHER PERIPHERAL VASODILATORS 320
References 320
Chapter 20 - Antihypertensive Drugs 322
GENERAL 322
ANGIOTENSIN-CONVERTING ENZYME INHIBITORS [SED-15, 226 SEDA-33, 416
ANGIOTENSIN RECEPTOR BLOCKERS/ANGIOTENSION II /RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS [SEDA-15, 2071 SEDA-34 324, SEDA-35]
DUAL ANGIOTENSIN II RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS/NEPRILYSIN ANTAGONISTS 326
DIRECT RENIN INHIBITORS [SEDA-33, 420 SEDA-34, 328
DIRECT VASODILATORS 327
ENDOTHELIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS [SED-15, 1215 SEDA-33, 421
DRUGS THAT ACT ON THE SYMPATHETIC NERVOUS SYSTEM [SEDA-33, 424 SEDA-34, 329
POSTSYNAPTIC ALPHA-ADRENOCEPTOR ANTAGONISTS [SEDA-33, 425 SEDA-34, 330
References 329
Chapter 21 - Diuretics 332
CARBONIC ANHYDRASE INHIBITORS [SEDA-15, 643 SEDA-32, 403
LOOP DIURETICS [SEDA-15, 567, 1454 SEDA-32, 408
THIAZIDE AND THIAZIDE-LIKE DIURETICS [SEDA-15, 3375 SEDA-32, 405
ALDOSTERONE RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS 335
OSMOTIC DIURETICS 337
References 337
Chapter 22 - Metals 340
ALUMINIUM [SED-15, 97 SEDA-32, 413
ANTIMONY AND ANTIMONIALS [SED-15, 316 SEDA-32, 414
ARSENIC [SED-15, 339 SEDA-32, 414
BERYLLIUM [SEDA-34, 353] 344
CALCIUM SALTS [SED-15, 610 SEDA-33, 449
CHROMIUM [SED-15, 737 SEDA-32, 414
COBALT [SED-15, 847 SEDA-32, 415
COPPER [SED-15, 901 SEDA-32, 415
GOLD AND GOLD SALTS [SED-15, 1520 SEDA-32, 416
IRON SALTS [SED-15, 1911 SEDA-32, 417
LANTHANUM CARBONATE [SEDA-32, 417 SEDA-33, 451
LEAD [SED-15, 2013 SEDA-28, 247]
MAGNESIUM SALTS [SED-15, 2196 SEDA-32, 417
MANGANESE [SED-15, 2200 SEDA-32, 418
MERCURY AND MERCURIAL SALTS [SED-15, 2259 SEDA-32, 419
NICKEL [SED-15, 2502 SEDA-32, 419
POTASSIUM SALTS [SED-15, 2905 SEDA-31, 392]
SILVER SALTS AND DERIVATIVES [SED-15, 3140 SEDA-32, 420
STRONTIUM SALTS [SEDA-32, 420 SEDA-33, 455
TITANIUM [SED-15, 3434 SEDA-32, 420
ZINC [SED-15, 3717 SEDA-32, 420
References 358
Chapter 23 - Metal Antagonists 366
Metal Antagonists 366
ORGANS AND SYSTEMS 368
SUSCEPTIBILITY FACTORS 369
DRUG ADMINISTRATION 370
ORGAN TOXICITIY 374
References 377
Chapter 24 - Antiseptic Drugs and Disinfectants 382
ALDEHYDES [SED-15, 1439, 1513 SEDA-31, 409
GUANIDINES 383
BENZALKONIUM COMPOUNDS [SED-15, 421 SEDA-32, 440
ETHYLENE OXIDE [SED-15, 1296 SEDA-29, 242
TRICLOSAN [SEDA-34, 379] 385
HALOGENS 385
PHENOLIC COMPOUNDS [SED-15, 2800 SEDA-32, 441
References 387
Chapter 25 - Penicillins, Cephalosporins, Other Beta-Lactam Antibiotics and Tetracyclines 390
TETRACYCYLINES AND GLYCYLCYCLINES 390
ORGANS AND SYSTEMS 390
INTERACTIONS 391
MANAGEMENT OF ADVERSE DRUG REACTIONS 391
ORGAN SYSTEMS 392
PENICILLINS 394
SECOND-GENERATION EFFECTS 395
CEPHALOSPORINS 397
ORGANS AND SYSTEMS 397
ORGAN SYSTEMS 398
DRUG ADMINISTRATION 398
ORGAN SYSTEMS 398
CNS 399
INTERACTIONS 401
CARBAPENEMS 401
SECOND-GENERATION EFFECTS 401
INTERACTIONS 401
INTERACTIONS 402
References 402
Chapter 26 - Miscellaneous Antibacterial Drugs 406
AMINOGLYCOSIDES [SED-15, 118 SEDA-32, 461
FLUOROQUINOLONES [SEDA-15, 1396 SEDA-32, 464
GLYCOPEPTIDES [SEDA-32, 469 SEDA-33, 519
KETOLIDES [SED-15, 1976 SEDA-32, 471
LINCOSAMIDES [SED-15, 2063 SEDA-32, 472
MACROLIDES [SED-15, 2183 SEDA-32, 472
OXAZOLIDINONES [SED-15, 2645 SEDA-32, 474
POLYMYXINS [SED-15, 2891 SEDA-32, 476
STREPTOGRAMINS [SED-15, 3182 SEDA-32, 528
TRIMETHOPRIM, AND CO-TRIMOXAZOLE [SED-15, 3216, 3510 SEDA-32, 477
OTHER ANTIMICROBIAL DRUGS 418
References 419
Chapter 27 - Antifungal Drugs 424
ALLYLAMINES [SED-33, 541 SEDA-34, 427
AMPHOTERICIN [SEDA-15, 192 SEDA-33, 542
ANTIFUNGAL AZOLES [SEDA-15, 301 SEDA-33, 545
ECHINOCANDINS [SEDA-15, 1197 SEDA-33, 556
References 432
Chapter 28 - Antiprotozoal Drugs 436
ANTIMALARIALS 436
4-AMINOQUINOLONES (CHLOROQUINE AND CONGENERS) [SEDA-32, 521 SEDA-33, 567
QUININE AND CONGENERS [SED-15, 3002 SEDA-32, 524
ENDOPEROXIDES [SED-15, 342 SEDA-32, 525
DRUGS USED IN THE TREATMENT OF OTHER PROTOZOAL INFECTIONS 441
References 442
Chapter 29 - Antiviral Drugs 444
DRUGS ACTIVE AGAINST CYTOMEGALOVIRUS 444
DRUGS ACTIVE AGAINST HEPATITIS VIRUSES 452
DRUGS ACTIVE AGAINST HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS: COMBINATIONS 456
DRUGS ACTIVE AGAINST HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS: NUCLEOSIDE ANALOGUE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS (NRTI) [SED-15, 2586 SE...
DRUGS ACTIVE AGAINST HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS: NUCLEOTIDE ANALOGUE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS 461
DRUGS ACTIVE AGAINST HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS: NON-NUCLEOSIDE REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE INHIBITORS (NNRTI) [SED-15, 2553 , SEDA-...
DRUGS ACTIVE AGAINST HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS: PROTEASE INHIBITORS [SED-15, 2586 SEDA-32, 541
DRUGS ACTIVE AGAINST HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS: INHIBITORS OF HIV FUSION [SEDA-33 598
DRUGS ACTIVE AGAINST HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS: INTEGRASE INHIBITORS [SEDA-33, 599, SEDA-34, 465, SEDA-35, 525] 471
RALTEGRAVIR 471
DRUGS ACTIVE AGAINST HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS: CHEMOKINE RECEPTOR CCR5 ANTAGONISTS [SEDA-33, 600 SEDA 34, 465
DRUGS ACTIVE AGAINST INFLUENZA VIRUSES: ION CHANNEL INHIBITORS [SED-15, 105, 3051 SEDA-32, 544
DRUGS ACTIVE AGAINST INFLUENZA VIRUSES: NEURAMINIDASE INHIBITORS [SED-15, 2436 SEDA-32, 544
OTHER DRUGS 474
References 475
Chapter 30 - Drugs Used in Tuberculosis and Leprosy 488
TOLERANCE OF HIGH DOSE RIFAMPICIN 488
ISONIAZID 491
RIFAMYCINS 493
Ethambutol 494
PYRAZINAMIDE 495
FLUOROQUINOLONES 495
LINEZOLID 495
CYCLOSERINE (CS) 496
CLOFAZIMINE 496
BEDAQUILINE (BDQ) 496
DELAMINID 497
DAPSONE 497
References 497
Chapter 31 - Antihelminthic Drugs 500
SPECIAL REVIEW 500
ALBENDAZOLE 501
DIETHYLCARBAMAZINE 502
IVERMECTIN 503
LEVAMISOLE 503
MEBENDAZOLE 504
PRAZIQUANTEL 504
TRIBENDIMIDINE 505
References 506
Further Reading 507
Chapter 32 - Vaccines 508
GENERAL 508
VIRAL VACCINES 509
BACTERIAL VACCINES 519
References 522
Chapter 33 - Blood, Blood Components, Plasma and Plasma Products 526
ALBUMIN AND DERIVATIVES [SED-15, 54 SEDA-33, 670
BLOOD TRANSFUSION [SED-15, 529 SEDA-33, 671
BLOOD SUBSTITUTES [SEDA-33, 672 SEDA-34, 511
PLASMA AND PLASMA PRODUCTS [SED-15, 2847 SEDA-33, 674
PLASMA SUBSTITUTES [SEDA-33, 675 SEDA-34, 513
GLOBULINS 531
COAGULATION PROTEINS [SED-15, 845 SEDA-32, 596
ERYTHROPOIETIN AND DERIVATIVES [SED-15, 1243 SEDA-33, 681
THROMBOPOIETIN AND RECEPTOR AGONISTS [SED-15, 3409] 538
STEM CELLS [SEDA-33, 682 SEDA-34, 522
References 540
Chapter 34 - Vitamins, Amino Acids and Drugs and Formulations Used in Nutrition 546
VITAMIN A (CAROTENOIDS) [SED-15, 3642 SEDA-32, 607
VITAMINS OF THE B GROUP [SED-15, 2700 SEDA-32, 608
VITAMIN C (ASCORBIC ACID) [SED-15, 351 SEDA-32, 611
VITAMIN D ANALOGUES [SED-15, 3669 SEDA-32, 612
VITAMIN E (TOCOPHEROL) [SED-15, 3677 SEDA-32, 612
VITAMIN K ANALOGUES [SED-15, 3681 SEDA-34, 533
AMINO ACIDS 559
PARENTERAL NUTRITION [SED-15, 2700 SEDA-32, 613
ENTERAL NUTRITIONNTERAL [SED-15, 1221 SEDA-33, 700
References 565
Chapter 35 - Drugs that Affect Blood Coagulation, Fibrinolysis and Haemostasis 572
COUMARIN ANTICOAGULANTS [SED-15, 983 SEDA-33, 707
HEPARINS [SED-15, 1590 SEDA-33, 713
DIRECT THROMBIN INHIBITORS [SED-15, 1142 SEDA-33, 717
DIRECT FACTOR XA INHIBITORS [SEDA-33, 635 SEDA-34, 546
THROMBOLYTIC DRUGS [SED-15, 3402 SEDA-35, 621]
DRUGS THAT ALTER PLATELET FUNCTION [SEDA-33, 637 SEDA-34, 547
GLYCOPROTEIN IIB–IIIA INHIBITORS [SED-15, 4 SEDA-33, 720
THIENOPYRIDINES [SED-15, 821 SEDA-33, 720
HAEMOSTATIC AGENTS [SEDA-34, 549 SEDA-35, 624]
References 579
Chapter 36 - Gastrointestinal Drugs 582
ANTACIDS 582
ANTIEMETICS AND DRUGS THAT AFFECT GASTROINTESTINAL MOTILITY 583
DOPAMINE RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS 584
5HT3 RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS 587
NEUROKININ NK1 RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS 587
ANTI-ULCER AGENTS 588
LAXATIVES AND ORAL BOWEL PREPARATIONS 595
References 601
Chapter 37 - Drugs that Act on the Immune System: Cytokines and Monoclonal Antibodies 604
CYTOKINES 604
FUSION PROTEINS 611
MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES [SED-15, 2380 SEDA-30, 442
References 626
Chapter 38 - Drugs that Act on the Immune System: Immunosuppressive and Immunostimulatory Drugs 634
CICLOSPORIN [SED-15, 743 SEDA-32, 705
CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE [SED-15, 1025 SEDA-34, 612
EVEROLIMUS (SDZ-RAD) [SED-15, 1306 SEDA-32, 708
FINGOLIMOD [SEDA-34, 616 SEDA-35, 703]
GLATIRAMER [SEDA-34, 617 SEDA-35, 703]
LEFLUNOMIDE [SED-15, 2015 SEDA-32, 709
MYCOPHENOLATE MOFETIL [SED-15, 2402 SEDA-32, 710
SIROLIMUS (RAPAMYCIN) [SED-15, 3148 SEDA-32, 712
TACROLIMUS [SED-15, 3279 SEDA-32, 714
TEMSIROLIMUS [SEDA-32, 716 SEDA-33, 824
THIOPURINES [SED-15, 377 SEDA-32, 717
IMMUNOENHANCING DRUGS 642
References 642
Chapter 39 - Corticotrophins, Corticosteroids and Prostaglandins 646
CORTICOTROPHINS [SED-15, 906 SEDA-33, 841
SYSTEMIC GLUCOCORTICOIDS [SED-15, 906 SEDA-33, 841
PROSTAGLANDINS AND ANALOGUES [SED-15, 2955 SEDA-33, 846
References 656
Chapter 40 - Sex Hormones and Related Compounds, Including Hormonal Contraceptives 658
OESTROGENS [SED-15, 1253 SEDA-32, 736
HORMONAL CONTRACEPTIVES [SED-15, 1642 SEDA-32, 741
ANTI-OESTROGENS AND SELECTIVE OESTROGEN RECEPTOR MODULATORS [SEDA-31, 664 SEDA-32, 743
PROGESTOGENS [SED-15, 2930 SEDA-32, 747
PROGESTERONE ANTAGONISTS [SEDA-32, 749 SEDA-33, 866
ANABOLIC STEROIDS, ANDROGENS AND RELATED COMPOUNDS [SED-15, 216 SEDA-32, 751
ANTIANDROGENS [SEDA-32, 755 SEDA-33, 872
References 674
Chapter 41 - Thyroid Hormones, Iodine and Iodides and Antithyroid Drugs 678
THYROID HORMONES [SEDA-31, 694 SEDA-32, 764
IODINE AND IODIDES [SEDA 31, 684 SEDA 32, 764
ANTITHYROID DRUGS [SEDA-32,765 SEDA-33, 884
References 684
Further Reading 685
Chapter 42 - Insulin, Other Hypoglycaemic Drugs, and Glucagon 688
GLUCAGON [SEDA-15, 1510 SEDA-31, 689
INSULIN [SED-15, 1761 SEDA-31, 689
ALPHA-GLUCOSIDASE INHIBITORS [SEDA-15, 85 SEDA- 30, 496
BIGUANIDES [SEDA-15, 506 SEDA-31, 692
DIPEPTIDYL PEPTIDASE 4 (DDP-4) INHIBITORS [SEDA-31, 693 SEDA-32, 774
INCRETIN MIMETICS [SEDA-31, 695 SEDA-32, 775
MEGLITINIDES [SED-15, 2238 SEDA-31, 695
SODIUM–GLUCOSE TRANSPORTER TYPE 2 (SGLT2) INHIBITORS [SEDA-33, 898 SEDA-34, 695]
SULPHONYLUREAS [SED-15, 3230 SEDA-31, 695
THIAZOLIDINEDIONES (GLITAZONES) [SED-15, 3380 SEDA-31, 697
ROSIGLITAZONE 697
PEROXISOME PROLIFERATOR ACTIVATED DUAL RECEPTOR AGONISTS [SEDA-32, 782 SEDA-33, 902
References 698
Chapter 43 - Miscellaneous Hormones 702
CALCITONIN [SED-15, 595 SEDA-33, 909
GONADOTROPINS (GONADORELIN, GNRH AND ANALOGUES) [SED-15, 1536 SEDA-33, 909
GONADOTROPHIN-RELEASING HORMONE ANTAGONISTS [SED-15, 1535 SEDA-34, 704
SOMATROPIN (HUMAN GROWTH HORMONE, HGH) [SED-15, 3163 SEDA-33, 910
GROWTH HORMONE RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS [SEDA-33, 911 SEDA-34, 708
MELATONIN AND ANALOGUES [SED-15, 2245 SEDA-33, 912
OXYTOCIN AND ANALOGUES [SED-15, 2657 SEDA-33, 912
PARATHYROID HORMONE [SED-15, 2689 SEDA-33, 913
SOMATOSTATIN (GROWTH HORMONE RELEASE-INHIBITING HORMONE) AND ANALOGUES [SED-15, 3160 SEDA-33, 913
VASOPRESSIN RECEPTOR ANTAGONISTS [SEDA-34, 713 SEDA-35, 797]
VASOPRESSIN AND ANALOGUES [SED-15, 3609 SEDA-33, 915
References 713
Chapter 44 - Drugs that Affect Lipid Metabolism 718
COMBINATIONS OF LIPID-MODIFYING DRUGS 718
BILE ACID SEQUESTRANTS [SED-15, 1902] 719
CHOLESTERYL ESTER TRANSFER PROTEIN INHIBITORS [SEDA-32, 817 SEDA-33, 929
FIBRATES [SED-15, 1358 SEDA-32, 804
HMG-COA REDUCTASE INHIBITORS [SED-15, 1632 SEDA-32, 807
NICOTINIC ACID DERIVATIVES [SED-15, 2512 SEDA-32, 815
References 723
Chapter 45 - Anthracyclines 726
GENERAL INFORMATION 726
ORGANS AND SYSTEMS 726
LONG-TERM EFFECTS 731
SECOND-GENERATION EFFECTS 731
SUSCEPTIBILITY FACTORS 732
DRUG ADMINISTRATION 732
References 734
Chapter 46 - Radiological Contrast Agents and Radiopharmaceuticals 738
WATER-SOLUBLE INTRAVASCULAR IODINATED CONTRAST AGENTS [SED-15, 1848 SEDA-33, 963
MRI CONTRAST MEDIA 744
ULTRASOUND CONTRAST AGENTS [SED-15, 3543 SEDA-32, 855
RADIOPHARMACEUTICALS [SED-15, 3017 SEDA-33, 973
References 747
Chapter 47 - Drugs Used in Ocular Treatment 750
DRUGS USED IN THE MANAGEMENT OF MACULAR DEGENERATION [SEDA-31, 739 SEDA-32, 865
BEVACIZUMAB (SEE ALSO CHAPTER 37) [SEDA-32, 865 SEDA-33, 977]
RANIBIZUMAB [SEDA-31, 739 SEDA-32, 867
ANTIBACTERIAL DRUGS 755
NONSTEROIDAL ANTI-INFLAMMATORY DRUGS 755
IOP-LOWERING MEDICATIONS 755
GLUCOCORTICOSTEROIDS [SED-15, 906 SEDA-31, 741
References 757
Chapter 48 - Treatments Used in Complementary and Alternative Medicine 760
ASIAN HERBAL MEDICINES 760
NUTRITIONAL SUPPLEMENTS 762
SPECIFIC PLANTS 762
References 766
Chapter 49 - Miscellaneous Drugs, Materials, Medical 
768 
ADJUVANTS 768
ALMITRINE 769
ALUMINIUM 769
BISPHOSPHONATES 770
CALCIUM 770
CATHETER 771
CHOLINE 771
CITRATE 772
CODEINE 772
COLLAGEN 773
DIPYRIDAMOLE 773
DISULPHIRAM 774
DRUG INTERACTIONS 775
ETANERCEPT 775
FIBRIN 776
FLUORIDE 776
GELATIN 777
HYDROXYETHYL STARCH 777
INJECTION 777
INDIGOCARMINE 778
INDOCYANINE 778
IRON 778
LATEX GLOVES 779
MAGNESIUM 779
MELATONIN 780
METHYLENE BLUE 781
MENTHOL 782
POLYETHYLENE GLYCOL 783
POLY-(L)-LACTIC ACID 783
POTASSIUM 783
SALT SUPPLEMENT 784
SELENIUM SULPHIDE 786
SEVELAMER 786
SILICONE OIL 786
STRODIUM RANELATE 786
TALC 787
References 787
Reviewer List 790
Index of Drugs 794
Index of Drug-Drug Interactions 812
Index of Adverse Effects and Adverse Reactions 814