Encyclopedia of Cloud Computing

San Murugesan is editor-in-chief of IT Professional, director of BRITE Professional Services, and adjunct professor at the University of Western Sydney, Australia. He is a corporate trainer, a consultant, and an author. He is a former senior research fellow of the US National Research Council at NASA Ames Research Center, California, and served in various positions at ISRO Satellite Centre, Bangalore. His expertise and interests span a range of areas: cloud computing, green IT, IT for emerging regions, Internet of Things (IoT), smart systems, and mobile applications. He is a co-editor of Harnessing Green IT: Principles and Practices (Wiley and IEEE Computer Society, 2012), Understanding and Implementing Green IT (IEEE Computer Society, 2011) and Handbook of Research on Web 2.0, 3.0, and X.0: Technologies, Business, and Social Applications (Information Science Reference, 2009). He serves as editor of Computer and edits and contributes to its "cloud cover" department. He also serves as associate editor of IEEE Transaction on Cloud Computing. He is standing chair of the new COMPSAC Symposium on IT in Practice (ITiP). Dr. Murugesan is a Fellow of the Australian Computer Society, a Fellow of IETE, and a senior member of the IEEE Computer Society (IEEE CS).

Irena Bojanova, PhD, is a computer scientist at the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). She managed academic programs at Johns Hopkins University and PIsoft Ltd., and co-started OBS Ltd. (now CSC Bulgaria). She received her PhD in computer science / mathematics from the Bulgarian Academy of Sciences and her MS and BS degrees in mathematics from Sofia University, Bulgaria. Dr. Bojanova is the founding chair of IEEE CS Cloud Computing Special Technical Community, and acting editor-in-chief of IEEE Transaction on Cloud Computing. She is also a co-chair of the IEEE Reliability Society IoT Technical Committee, and a founding member of the IEEE Technical Sub-Committee on Big Data. She is an associate editor-in-chief and the editor of the Trends Department of IT Professional and an associate editor of the International Journal of Big Data Intelligence (IJBDI). She has served as general co-chair of the IEEE International Symposium on Software Reliability Engineering (ISSRE 2015) and general chair of the IEEE IT Professional Conference 2014. She writes cloud and IoT blogs for the IEEE CS's Computing Now (www.computer.org, accessed November 22, 2015). Dr. Bojanova is a senior member of IEEE CS.

About the Editors xii

About the Authors xiv

Reviewers xxxvi

Foreword xxxviii

Preface xxxix

Acknowledgments xlv

Part I Introduction to Cloud Computing 1

1 Cloud Computing: An Overview 3
San Murugesan and Irena Bojanova

Part II Cloud Services 15

2 Cloud Services and Service Providers 17
K. Chandrasekaran and Alaka Ananth

3 Mobile Cloud Computing 29
Saeid Abolfazli, Zohreh Sanaei, Mohammad Hadi Sanaei, Mohammad Shojafar, and Abdullah Gani

4 Community Clouds 41
Amin M. Khan, Felix Freitag, and Leandro Navarro

5 Government Clouds 52
Sean Rhody and Dan Dunn

6 Cloud?]Based Development Environments: PaaS 62
Mehmet N. Aydin, Nazim Ziya Perdahci, and Bahadir Odevci

Part III Cloud Frameworks and Technologies 71

7 Cloud Reference Frameworks 73
Kapil Bakshi and Larry Beser

8 Virtualization: An Overview 89
Jim Sweeney

9 Cloud Network and I/O Virtualization 102
Kapil Bakshi and Craig Hill

10 Cloud Networks 115
Saurav Kanti Chandra and Krishnananda Shenoy

11 Wireless Datacenter Networks 128
Yong Cui and Ivan Stojmenovic

12 Open?]Source Cloud Software Solutions 139
G. R. Gangadharan, Deepnarayan Tiwari, Lalit Sanagavarapu, Shakti Mishra, Abraham Williams, and Srimanyu Timmaraju

13 Developing Software for Cloud: Opportunities and Challenges for Developers 150
K. Chandrasekaran and C. Marimuthu

Part IV Cloud Integration and Standards 163

14 Cloud Portability and Interoperability 165
Beniamino Di Martino, Giuseppina Cretella, and Antonio Esposito

15 Cloud Federation and Geo?]Distribution 178
William Culhane, Patrick Eugster, Chamikara Jayalath, Kirill Kogan, and Julian Stephen

16 Cloud Standards 191
Andy Edmonds, Thijs Metsch, Alexis Richardson, Piyush Harsh, Wolfgang Ziegler, Philip Kershaw, Alan Sill, Mark A. Carlson, Alex Heneveld, Alexandru?]Florian Antonescu, and Thomas Michael Bohnert

Part V Cloud Security, Privacy, and Compliance 205

17 Cloud Security: Issues and Concerns 207
Pierangela Samarati and Sabrina De Capitani di Vimercati

18 Securing the Clouds: Methodologies and Practices 220
Simon Liu

19 Cloud Forensics 233
Shams Zawoad and Ragib Hasan

20 Privacy, Law, and Cloud Services 245
Carol M. Hayes and Jay P. Kesan

21 Ensuring Privacy in Clouds 255
Travis Breaux and Siani Pearson

22 Compliance in Clouds 267
Thorsten Humberg and Jan Jürjens

Part VI Cloud Performance, Reliability, and Availability 275

23 Cloud Capacity Planning and Management 277
Yousri Kouki, Frederico Alvares, and Thomas Ledoux

24 Fault Tolerance in the Cloud 291
Kashif Bilal, Osman Khalid, Saif Ur Rehman Malik, Muhammad Usman Shahid Khan, Samee U. Khan, and Albert Y. Zomaya

25 Cloud Energy Consumption 301
Dan C. Marinescu

26 Cloud Modeling and Simulation 315
Peter Altevogt, Wolfgang Denzel, and Tibor Kiss

27 Cloud Testing: An Overview 327
Ganesh Neelakanta Iyer

28 Testing the Cloud and Testing as a Service 338
Nitin Dangwal, Neha Mehrotra Dewan, and Sonal Sachdeva

29 Cloud Service Evaluation 349
Zheng Li, Liam O'Brien, and Rajiv Ranjan

Part VII Cloud Migration and Management 361

30 Enterprise Cloud Computing Strategy and Policy 363
Eric Carlson

31 Cloud Brokers 372
Ganesh Neelakanta Iyer and Bharadwaj Veeravalli

32 Migrating Applications to Clouds 383
Jyhjong Lin

33 Identity and Access Management 396
Edwin Sturrus and Olga Kulikova

34 OAuth Standard for User Authorization of Cloud Services 406
Piotr Tysowski

35 Distributed Access Control in Cloud Computing Systems 417
K. Chandrasekaran and Manoj V. Thomas

36 Cloud Service Level Agreement 433
Salman A. Baset

37 Automatic Provisioning of Intercloud Resources driven by Nonfunctional Requirements of Applications 446
Jungmin Son, Diana Barreto, Rodrigo N. Calheiros, and Rajkumar Buyya

38 Legal Aspects of Cloud Computing 462
David G. Gordon

39 Cloud Economics 476
Sowmya Karunakaran

Part VIII Cloud Applications and Case Studies 489

40 Engineering Applications of the Cloud 491
Kincho H. Law, Jack C. P. Cheng, Renate Fruchter, and Ram D. Sriram

41 Educational Applications of the Cloud 505
V. K. Cody Bumgardner, Victor Marek, and Doyle Friskney

42 Personal Applications of Clouds 517
Cameron Seay, Montressa Washington, and Rudy J. Watson

43 Cloud Gaming 524
Wei Cai, Fangyuan Chi, and Victor C. M. Leung

Part IX Big Data and Analytics in Clouds 537

44 An Introduction to Big Data 539
Mark Smiley

45 Big Data in a Cloud 551
Mark Smiley

46 Cloud?]Hosted Databases 562
Sherif Sakr

47 Cloud Data Management 572
Lingfang Zeng, Bharadwaj Veeravalli, and Yang Wang

48 Large?]Scale Analytics in Clouds 582
Vladimir Dimitrov

49 Cloud Programming Models (MapReduce) 596
Vladimir Dimitrov

50 Developing Elastic Software for the Cloud 609
Shigeru Imai, Pratik Patel, and Carlos A. Varela

51 Cloud Services for Distributed Knowledge Discovery 628
Fabrizio Marozzo, Domenico Talia, and Paolo Trunfio

52 Cloud Knowledge Modeling and Management 640
Pierfrancesco Bellini, Daniele Cenni, and Paolo Nesi

Part X Cloud Prospects 653

53 Impact of the Cloud on IT Professionals and the IT Industry 655
Cameron Seay, Montressa Washington, and Rudy J. Watson

54 Cloud Computing in Emerging Markets 664
Nir Kshetri and Lailani L. Alcantara

55 Research Topics in Cloud Computing 676
Anand Kumar, B. Vijayakumar, and R. K. Mittal

56 Cloud Outlook: The Future of the Clouds 682
San Murugesan and Irena Bojanova

Index 687