CCENT Practice and Study Guide

Allan Johnson entered the academic world in 1999 after 10 years as a business owner/operator to dedicate his efforts to his passion for teaching. He holds both an MBA and an M.Ed in occupational training and development. He is an information technology instructor at Del Mar College in Corpus Christi, Texas. In 2003, Allan began to commit much of his time and energy to the CCNA Instructional Support Team, providing services to Networking Academy instructors worldwide and creating training materials. He now works full time for Cisco Networking Academy as a learning systems developer.

Part I: Introduction to Networks

CHAPTER 1 Exploring the Network 1

Globally Connected 1

Vocabulary Exercise: Matching 2

Completion Exercise 3

LANs, WANs, and the Internet 3

Completion Exercise 3

Classify and Identify Network Components 5

Compare LANs and WANs 6

Vocabulary Exercise: Matching 7

The Network as a Platform 8

Classify Network Architecture Requirements 8

The Changing Network Environment 10

Completion Exercise 10

Network Security Terminology 11

CHAPTER 2 Configuring a Network Operating System 13

IOS Bootcamp 13

Completion Exercise 13

Accessing a Cisco IOS Device 14

Navigating the IOS Matching Exercise 15

Basic Device Configuration 16

Applying a Basic Configuration 16

CHAPTER 3 Network Protocols and Communications 19

Rules of Communication 19

Vocabulary Exercise: Matching 20

Network Protocols and Standards 21

Protocol Definitions: Matching 21

Mapping the Protocols of the TCP/IP Suite 22

Explore the Purpose of Standards Organizations 22

OSI Reference Model Layers: Matching 24

TCP/IP Model Layers: Matching 24

Mapping the Layers of the OSI and TCP/IP Models 25

Moving Data in the Network 26

Data Encapsulation and the PDUs 26

The Role of Addressing in Network Communications 27

CHAPTER 4 Network Access 29

Physical Layer Protocols 29

Completion Exercise 29

Vocabulary Exercise: Matching 31

Network Media 32

Copper Cabling Completion Exercise 32

Compare UTP, STP, and Coaxial Characteristics 32

UTP Cabling Completion Exercise 33

UTP Cable Pinouts 34

Fiber-Optic Cabling Completion Exercise 34

Compare Single-Mode and Multimode Fiber 35

Wireless Media Completion Exercise 36

Data Link Layer Protocols 37

The Sublayers of the Data Link Layer 37

Label the Generic Frame Fields 37

Identify the Data Link Layer Standards Organization 37

Media Access Control 38

Topologies and Access Methods Completion Exercise 38

Label the Ethernet Frame Fields 39

Label the PPP Frame Fields 40

Label the 802.11 Wireless Frame Fields 40

CHAPTER 5 Ethernet 41

Ethernet Protocol 41

Ethernet Operation Completion Exercise 41

Identify the Ethernet Frame Attributes: Matching 42

Comparing Decimal, Binary, and Hexadecimal Digits 43

Address Resolution Protocol 43

Completion Exercise 43

Identify the MAC and IP Addresses 44

LAN Switches 45

Building the MAC Address Table 45

Switching Concepts Completion Exercise 46

Comparing Switch Forwarding Methods 47

Forward the Frame 47

Layer 3 Switching Concepts Completion Exercise 50

Layer 3 Switch Configuration 51

CHAPTER 6 Network Layer 53

Network Layer Protocols 53

The Processes of the Network Layer 53

Characteristics of the IP Protocol 53

Fields of the IPv4 Packet: Matching 55

Fields of the IPv6 Packet: Matching 55

Routing 56

How a Host Routes Packets Completion Exercise 56

Routing Table Entry: Matching 58

Routers 58

Identify Router Components 58

Router Boot Process Exercise 59

Interpreting the show version Command Exercise 60

Configuring a Cisco Router 60

Basic Router Configuration Exercise 60

Applying a Basic Configuration 62

Verifying Basic Router Configuration 63

CHAPTER 7 Transport Layer 65

Transport Layer Protocols 65

Transportation of Data Completion Exercise 65

Introducing TCP and UDP 66

TCP and UDP 66

TCP Communication 67

UDP Communication 69

TCP or UDP, That Is the Question 69

CHAPTER 8 IP Addressing 71

IPv4 Network Addresses 71

IPv4 Address Structure 71

IPv4 Subnet Mask 72

The Last Nonzero Octet 73

ANDing to Determine the Network Address 73

IPv4 Unicast, Broadcast, and Multicast 74

Types of IPv4 Addresses 74

IPv6 Network Addresses 75

Representing IPv6 Addresses 76

Identify IPv6 Address Types 77

IPv6 Unicast Addresses 80

The 3-1-4 Rule 80

Static Configuration of Global Unicast Addressing 81

Dynamic Configuration of Global Unicast Addressing 81

IPv6 Multicast Addresses 82

Connectivity Verification 83

ICMP Message Types 83

Testing the Path 83

CHAPTER 9 Subnetting IP Networks 85

Subnetting an IPv4 Network 85

Subnetting in Four Steps 85

Subnetting Example 85

Determine How Many Bits to Borrow 85

Determine the New Subnet Mask 86

Determine the Subnet Multiplier 86

List the Subnets, Host Ranges, and Broadcast Addresses 87

Subnetting Scenario 1 87

Subnetting Scenario 2 87

Subnetting Scenario 3 88

VLSM Addressing Schemes 88

VLSM Review 89

VLSM Addressing Design Exercises 90

Exercise 1 91

Exercise 2 92

Exercise 3 93

Exercise 4 93

Design Considerations for IPv6 94

Subnetting an IPv6 Network 95

IPv6 Subnetting Practice 95

IPv6 Subnetting Scenario 1 95

IPv6 Subnetting Scenario 2 96

IPv6 Subnetting Scenario 3 96

CHAPTER 10 Application Layer 97

Application Layer Protocols 97

OSI and TCP/IP Model Comparison 97

Application and Presentation Protocols and Standards 98

How Application Protocols Interact with End-User Applications 98

Well-Known Application Layer Protocols and Services 99

Web and Mail Services 99

IP Addressing Services 100

File Sharing Services 102

The Message Heard Around the World 103

CHAPTER 11 It’s a Network 105

Create and Grow 105

Devices in a Small Network 105

Protocols in a Small Network 106

Growing to Larger Networks 107

Keeping the Network Safe 107

Network Device Security Measures 107

Vulnerabilities and Network Attacks 108

Mitigating Network Attacks 109

Securing Devices 110

Basic Network Performance 110

Using the ping Command 111

Tracing a Route 111

show Commands 112

Managing IOS Configuration Files 114

Integrated Routing Services 116

Part II: Routing and Switching Essentials

CHAPTER 12 Introduction to Switched Networks 117

LAN Design 117

LAN Design Principles 117

Selecting Switch Hardware 119

The Switched Environment 120

Frame Forwarding Methods and Terminology 120

Building the MAC Address Table 120

Collision and Broadcast Domains 122

CHAPTER 13 Basic Switching Concepts and Configuration 125

Basic Switch Configuration 125

Switch Boot Sequence 125

Half-Duplex, Full-Duplex, and Auto-MDIX 125

Configure a Switch with Initial Settings 126

Basic Configuration Tasks 127

Applying a Basic Configuration 127

Verifying Basic Switch Configuration 129

Switch Security: Management and Implementation 129

Configuring SSH 129

Common Security Attacks 131

Configuring Port Security 132

Configuring NTP 134

NTP Commands 134

CHAPTER 14 VLANs 135

VLAN Segmentation 135

Overview of VLANs 135

VLANs in a Multiswitched Environment 136

VLAN Implementations 137

VLAN Configuration Exercise 137

Practice VLAN Configuration 141

VLAN Trunk Configuration Exercise 141

Practice Trunk Configuration 142

Dynamic Trunking Protocol 143

Troubleshoot VLANs and Trunks 144

VLAN Security and Design 146

Switch Spoofing Attack 146

Double-Tagging Attack 147

PVLAN Edge 147

CHAPTER 15 Routing Concepts 149

Initial Configuration of a Router 149

Functions of a Router 149

External Router Features 152

Topology and Addressing Documentation 154

Configure and Verify Dual-Stack IPv4 and IPv6 Addressing 156

Routing Decisions 161

Path Determination 162

Concept of Administrative Distance Exercise 164

Switching Packets Between Networks 164

Router Operation 165

Analyze the Routing Table 165

Directly Connected, Static, and Dynamic Routes 167

CHAPTER 16 Inter-VLAN Routing 171

Inter-VLAN Routing Configuration 171

Types of Inter-VLAN Routing 171

Configuring Inter-VLAN Routing 172

Troubleshoot Inter-VLAN Routing 174

Inter-VLAN Troubleshooting Scenarios 174

Layer 3 Switching 176

Layer 3 Switching Operation 176

Configuring Static Routes on a Catalyst 2960 177

Layer 3 Switching Troubleshooting Scenarios 179

CHAPTER 17 Static Routing 183

Static Routing Implementation 183

Static Routing Overview 183

Identify Types of Static Routes 184

Configure Static and Default Routes 185

Configuring IPv4 Static and Default Routes 185

B1 and B2 Routing Strategy 186

Configuring IPv6 Static and Default Routes 187

B1 and B2 Routing Strategy 187

Review of CIDR and VLSM 188

Classful Addressing 189

CIDR and Route Summarization 189

Summary Route Calculation Scenario 1 190

Summary Route Calculation Scenario 2 191

Summary Route Calculation Scenario 3 191

Configure Summary and Floating Static Routes 191

Configure IPv4 Summary Routes 192

Configure IPv6 Summary Routes 192

Configure Floating Static Routes 194

Troubleshoot Static and Default Route Issues 195

IPv4 Static and Default Route Implementation 195

IPv6 Static and Default Route Implementation 195

CHAPTER 18 Routing Dynamically 197

Dynamic Routing Protocols 197

Dynamic Routing Protocol Operation 197

Compare Static and Dynamic Routing 197

From Cold Start to Convergence 198

Dynamic Routing Protocols Classification Chart 200

Routing Protocols Characteristics 201

Comparing Routing Protocol Characteristics 202

Distance Vector Dynamic Routing 202

Distance Vector Operation and Terminology 202

Comparing RIP and EIGRP 204

RIP and RIPng Routing 204

Configuring RIPv2 204

Configuring RIPng 206

Link-State Dynamic Routing 208

Link-State Routing Protocol Operation 208

Building the Link-State Database 210

Using Link-State Routing Protocols 214

The Routing Table 214

Identifying Elements of the Routing Table 214

Dynamically Learned IPv4 Routes 215

The IPv4 Route Lookup Process 217

Routing Table Lookup Chart 217

Routing Table Lookup Exercise 218

Analyze an IPv6 Routing Table 219

CHAPTER 19 Single-Area OSPF 221

Characteristics of OSPF 221

OSPF Terminology 222

OSPF Concepts 223

OSPF Operation 224

Configuring Single-Area OSPFv2 227

The Router ID 228

Single-Area OSPFv2 Basic Configuration Scenario 229

Adjusting OSPF Cost 231

The Reference Bandwidth 231

The Default Interface Bandwidth 232

Modifying the OSPF Cost Metric 232

Verify the OSPF Configuration 233

Configure Single-Area OSPFv3 233

Comparing OSPFv2 and OSPFv3 233

Configuring OSPFv3 234

Verifying OSPFv3 236

CHAPTER 20 Access Control Lists 237

IP ACL Operation 237

Standard Versus Extended IPv4 ACLs 237

Calculating Wildcard Masks 237

Wildcard Mask in Operation 238

Guidelines for ACL Creation 239

Guidelines for ACL Placement 240

Standard IPv4 ACLs 240

Configuring Standard IPv4 ACLs 241

Modifying IPv4 ACLs 244

Securing vty Ports with a Standard IPv4 ACL 245

Extended IPv4 ACLs 245

Configuring Extended IPv4 ACL Statements 245

Extended ACL Configuration Scenarios 246

Evaluating Extended IPv4 ACL Statements 247

Extended ACL Quiz 248

Troubleshoot ACLs 251

IPv6 ACLs 252

Comparing IPv4 and IPv6 ACLs 252

Configuring IPv6 ACLs 252

CHAPTER 21 DHCP 255

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol v4 255

DHCPv4 Operation 255

Configuring a Cisco Device as a DHCPv4 Server 256

Configuring a Router to Relay DHCPv4 Requests 258

Configuring a Router as a DHCPv4 Client 259

Troubleshooting DHCPv4 259

Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol v6 260

SLAAC and DHCPv6 260

Configuring a Router as a Stateless DHCPv6 Server 262

Configuring a Router as a Stateful DHCPv6 Server 263

CHAPTER 22 Network Address Translation for IPv4 265

NAT Operation 265

NAT Characteristics 265

Configuring NAT 267

Configuring Static NAT 267

Configuring Dynamic NAT 268

Configuring Port Address Translation 269

A Word About Port Forwarding 272

Configuring NAT and IPv6 272

Troubleshooting NAT 273

9781587133459, TOC, 11/22/2013