Food Security, Poverty and Nutrition Policy Analysis (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Food Security, Poverty,and Nutrition PolicyAnalysis 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 6
Preface 8
Introduction 10
Section I - Food Security Policy Analysis 22
Introduction 22
Why study food security policy analysis? 22
Chapter 1 Introduction to food security: concepts and measurement 26
Conceptual framework of food security 26
Measurement of the determinants of food security 29
Conclusions 33
Exercises 36
Notes 36
Chapter 2 Implications of technological change, post-harvest technology and technology adoption for improved food security - application of t-statistic 38
Introduction 38
Review of selected studies 40
Empirical analysis - a basic univariate approach 45
Policy implications 54
Technical appendices 56
Exercises 57
Notes 58
Chapter 3 Effects of commercialization of agriculture (shift from traditional crop to cash crop) onnbspfood consumption and nutrition - application of chi-square statistic 60
Introduction 60
A few concepts 62
Review of selected studies 66
Empirical analysis 70
Conclusion and policy implications 75
Technical appendices 78
Exercises 79
Notes 79
Chapter 4 Effects of technology adoption and gender of household head: The issue, its importance in food security - application of Cramer’s V and phi coefficient 82
Introduction 82
Review of selected studies 83
Empirical analysis 86
Conclusion and policy implications 90
Technical appendices 92
Exercises 93
Notes 93
Chapter 5 Changes in food consumption patterns: The issue and its importance to food security - application of one-way ANOVA 94
Introduction 94
Determinants of food consumption patterns and its importance to food security and nutritional status 96
Review of selected studies 97
Empirical analysis and main findings 101
Conclusion and policy implications 104
Technical appendices 105
Exercises 107
Notes 108
Chapter 6 Impact of market access onnbspfoodnbspsecurity - application ofnbspfactor analysis 110
Introduction 110
Assessing the linkages of market reforms on food security and productivity 111
Review of selected studies 113
Empirical analysis 115
Conclusion and policy implications 129
Technical appendices 130
Exercises 131
Notes 132
Section II Nutrition Policy Analysis 134
Introduction 134
Why study nutrition security? 134
What is nutrition security and why study it? 135
What interventions are desirable to improve nutritionnbspsecurity? 137
Chapter 7 Impact of maternal education and care on preschoolers’ nutrition - application of two-way ANOVA 142
Introduction 142
Conceptual framework: Linkages between maternal education, child-care and nutritional status of children 144
Review of selected studies 147
Empirical analysis 149
Conclusion 156
Technical appendices 157
Exercises 159
Notes 160
Chapter 8 Indicators and causal factors of nutrition - application of correlation analysis 162
Introduction 162
Review of selected studies 163
Empirical analysis and main findings 166
Conclusion and policy implications 173
Exercises 174
Notes 174
Chapter 9 Effects of individual, household and community indicators on child’s nutritional status - application of simple linear regression 176
Introduction 176
Conceptual framework and indicators of nutritional status 177
Review of studies on the determinants of child nutritional status 183
Empirical analysis and main findings 186
Conclusion 193
Exercises 194
Notes 195
Chapter 10 Maternal education and community characteristics as indicators of nutritional status of children - application ofnbspmultivariate regression 196
Introduction 196
Selected studies on the role of maternal education and community characteristics on child nutritional status 197
Empirical analysis 201
Conclusions 216
Exercises 217
Notes 218
Section III - Special Topics on Poverty, Nutrition and Food Policy Analysis 220
Introduction 220
Chapter 11 Predicting child nutritional status using related socioeconomic variables - application of discriminant function analysis 222
Introduction 222
Conceptual framework: linkages between women’s status and child nutrition 223
Review of selected studies 225
Empirical analysis and main findings 229
Conclusions 241
Technical appendix: discriminant analysis 242
Exercises 248
Notes 249
Chapter 12 Measurement and determinants of poverty - application of logistic regression models 250
Introduction 250
Dimensions and rationale for measuring poverty 251
Indicators in measuring poverty 254
Construction of poverty lines using food energy intake (FEI) and cost of basic needs (CBN) approaches 256
Measures of poverty 263
Selected review of studies on determinants of poverty 267
Determinants of poverty - binary logistic regression analysis 271
Conclusions and implications 281
Technical appendices 281
Exercises 283
Notes 284
Chapter 13 Classifying households on food security and poverty dimensions - application of K-mean cluster analysis 286
Introduction 286
Cluster analysis: various approaches 287
Review of selected studies using cluster analysis 290
Empirical analysis: K-means clustering 292
Conclusion and implications 297
Exercises 297
Notes 298
Chapter 14 Household care as a determinant of nutritional status - application of instrumental variable estimation 300
Introduction 300
Review of selected studies 302
Empirical analysis 305
Conclusions 309
Exercises 310
Notes 310
Chapter 15 Achieving an ideal diet - modeling with linear programming 312
Introduction 312
Review of the literature 313
Linear programming model 317
Solution procedures 318
Using Solver in Excel to obtain an LP solution 321
Summary 324
Exercises 326
Notes 327
Technical Appendices 328
Appendix 1 Introduction to software access and use 330
Before you start 331
Opening a data file 331
Appendix 2 - Software information 334
Appendix 3 SPSS/PC+ environment and commands 336
The main SPSS window 336
Menus 336
Output window 341
Syntax window 341
Appendix 4 Data handling 344
Importing ASCII data into SPSS 345
Importing data from Excel 345
Data structure 347
List of useful terms 348
Appendix 5 SPSS programming basics 352
Using SPSS syntax 352
Submitting statistical procedures 354
Data transformation techniques 354
Appendix 6 Anthropometric indicators - computation and use 366
What are the indices of nutritional status of children? 366
Comparison of anthropometric data to reference standards and computation of Z-scores 368
Software programs used for computing anthropometric measures 370
Uses of anthropometric data 370
Note 371
Appendix 7 Elements of matrix algebra 372
Definitions 372
Operations with matrices 373
Functions of matrices 374
Appendix 8 Some preliminary statistical concepts 378
Principles of specification tests 378
Appendix 9 Instrumental variable estimation 382
Problem of bias in the least squares estimate 382
Properties of the IV estimator 383
Specification tests 383
When is IV estimation useful? 385
Statistical tables 388
References 402
Index 418