Reading in Action (with MyReadingLab Student Access Code Card)

Preface xiii



Introduction: You, the Reader 1

The Importance of Reading Skills in the Information Age 1

Goal Setting 2

Becoming an Active and Engaged Reader 4

Discovering Your Learning Style and Reading Style 6

Writing Your Reading Autobiography 11

You, the Reader: Introduction Wrap-up 11



1 Using Pre-Reading Strategies 13

Preparing to Read: Reinforcing Concentration 15

Active Reading Strategy: Previewing 16

Active Reading Strategy: Relating to the Subject 26

Active Reading Strategy: Forming Goal Questions 32

Skills Online: Previewing Web Sites 38

Reading 1A Psychology of Self-Awareness (Psychology) 40

Reading 1B Understanding Consumer Behavior (Business) 46

Chapter 1 Review 53

Chapter Tests 54

Test 1.1. Previewing 54

Test 1.2. Relating to the Subject 54

Test 1.3. Previewing and Relating 54

Test 1.4. Goal Questions from Headings 57

You, the Reader: Chapter 1 Wrap-up 57



2 Context and Dictionary 58

Context 59

Multiple Meanings 61

Active Reading Strategy: Using Context Clues 63

Definition Clues and Synonyms 65

Contrast Clues 67

Indirect Context Clues 70

Context Clues in Short Passages 71

Active Reading Strategy: Matching Dictionary Definitions with Context 77

Parts of Speech 80

Usage Labels and Subject Labels 84

Using the Dictionary Pronunciation Key 89

Skills Online: Using an Online Dictionary 91

Reading 2A Success Is a Choice (Self-Help) 93

Reading 2B Adapting to Today's Job Market (Business Communications) 98

Chapter 2 Review 105

Chapter Tests 106

Test 2.1. Using Context Clues (Sentences) 106

Test 2.2. Using Context Clues (Passage) 107

Test 2.3. Context and Dictionary (Sentences) 108

Test 2.4. Context and Dictionary (Passage) 108

You, the Reader: Chapter 2 Wrap-up 110



3 Understanding Word Structure 111

Introduction to Word Structure 112

Prefixes 113

Negative Prefixes 114

Number Prefixes 115

Other Common Prefixes 117

Learning the Prefixes 118

Suffixes 120

Spelling Changes with Suffixes 121

Etymology 125

Skills Online: Learning More Prefixes and Suffixes 127

Reading 3A The Myth and Reality of Multitasking (General Interest) 128

Reading 3B Friendship (Interpersonal Communication) 134

Chapter 3 Review 142

Chapter Tests 143

Test 3.1. Prefixes 143

Test 3.2. Prefixes 143

Test 3.3. Suffixes 144

Test 3.4. Etymology 144

You, the Reader: Chapter 3 Wrap-up 145



4 Paragraph Logic: Topic and Main Idea 146

General vs. Specific 147

Active Reading Strategy: Identify the Paragraph's Topic 151

Active Reading Strategy: Identify Stated Main Ideas 157

What Is a Main Idea? 157

General vs. Specific Sentences 160

Stated Main Ideas 164

Locating Stated Main Ideas 166

Skills Online: Finding Stated Main Ideas 179

Reading 4A The Eyewitness on Trial (Psychology) 179

Reading 4B Significance of Movies

(Communication/Media) 187

Chapter 4 Review 196

Chapter Test 197

Test 4.1. Paragraph Logic 197

Test 4.2. Paragraph Logic 199

You, the Reader: Chapter 4 Wrap-up 202



5 Paragraph Logic: Main Ideas and Supporting Details 203

Purposes of Supporting Details 204

Examples 205

Evidence 205

Reasons 206

Active Reading Strategy: Outlining and Diagramming Paragraphs 214

How to Outline a Paragraph 214

How to Diagram a Paragraph 219

Active Reading Strategy: Recognizing Implied Main Ideas 225

Main Ideas and Supporting Details in Short Passages 232

Skills Online: Working with Paragraphs 237

Reading 5A 2008: An Election about Change (Government) 237

Reading 5B New Ways to Stop Crime (Criminal Justice) 246

Chapter 5 Review 254

Chapter Tests 255

Test 5.1. Supporting Details 255

Test 5.2. Outlining and Diagramming Paragraphs 256

Test 5.3. Implied Main Ideas 256

Test 5.4. Main Ideas in Short Passages 258

You, the Reader: Chapter 5 Wrap-up 260



6 Monitoring and Clarifying Comprehension 261

Making Sense 262

Active Reading Strategy: Monitoring Comprehension 266

Anticipating the Text 269

Using Active Reading Strategies to Clarify and Strengthen Comprehension 270

Active Reading Strategy: Paraphrasing 277

When the Going Gets Tough 282

Skills Online: Monitoring Your Comprehension Online 286

Reading 6A Waking Up to Our Dreams (Psychology) 286

Reading 6B Nutrition: Eating for Optimum Health (Health) 293

Chapter 6 Review 304

Chapter Tests 305

Test 6.1. Monitoring Comprehension 305

Test 6.2. Paragraph Sense 305

Test 6.3. Clarifying Comprehension 306

Test 6.4. Paraphrasing 306

Test 6.5. Clarifying Comprehension 307

You, the Reader: Chapter 6 Wrap-up 309



7 Connecting Ideas: Sentence Relationships and

Transition Words 310

Active Reading Strategy: Identifying Sentence Relationships 311

Sequence 312

Addition 313

Contrast 313

Reason 314

Active Reading Strategy: Recognizing Transition Words 319

Transition Words That Indicate Sequence 319

Transition Words That Indicate Addition 320

Transition Words That Indicate Contrast 321

Transition Words That Indicate Reason 322

Skills Online: Recognizing Transition Words and Sentence Relationships 334

Reading 7A Can Animals Talk? (Nature) 334

Reading 7B Darwin and the Theory of Evolution (Biology) 341

Chapter 7 Review 348

Chapter Tests 349

Test 7.1. Sentence Relationships 349

Test 7.2. Transition Words 349

Test 7.3. Transition Words and Sentence Relationships 350

Test 7.4. Transition Words and Sentence Relationships in a

Short Passage 351

You, the Reader: Chapter 7 Wrap-up 353



8 Logical Patterns 354

Chronological Order 356

Diagramming Chronological Order 358

Listing 359

Diagramming the Listing Pattern 363

Compare-Contrast 364

Diagramming Compare-Contrast 366

Cause-Effect 367

Diagramming Cause-Effect 372

Definition 373

Diagramming the Definition Pattern 375

Active Reading Strategy: Recognizing Logical Patterns 376

Skills Online: Using Graphic Organizers 391

Reading 8A Sojourner Truth (American History) 392

Reading 8B Stress and the Mind (Psychology) 400

Chapter 8 Review 407

Chapter Tests 408

Test 8.1. Logical Patterns in Paragraphs 408

Test 8.2. Logical Patterns in Short Passages 409

You, the Reader: Chapter 8 Wrap-up 412



9 Inference 414

Making Inferences 415

Literal vs. Inferential Comprehension 417

Inference and Humor 418

Making Logical Inferences 419

Active Reading Strategy: Inferring the Author's Purpose 433

Infer the Author's Purpose from the Context and the Content 434

Authors' Three Main Purposes 434

Active Reading Strategy: Inferring the Author's Tone 437

Skills Online: Identifying the Author's Purpose 450

Reading 9A I Am Crow Dog (American History) 451

Reading 9B Listening (Interpersonal Communication) 457

Chapter 9 Review 465

Chapter Tests 466

Test 9.1. Inference 466

Test 9.2. Purpose and Tone 466

Test 9.3. Inference 467

You, the Reader: Chapter 9 Wrap-up 469



10 Critical Reading 470

Active Reading Strategy: Distinguishing Fact from Opinion 472

Facts 472

Opinions 473

Active Reading Strategy: Evaluating Sources of Information 480

Active Reading Strategy: Evaluating Arguments 484

Skills Online: Critical Reading 502

Reading 10A Violent Video Games Puts Teens at Risk (Sociology) 503

Reading 10B Global Warming: Coming to Your Backyard (Environmental

Science) 511

Chapter 10 Review 520

Chapter Tests 521

Test 10.1. Fact vs. Opinion 521

Test 10.2. Fact and Opinion in Paragraphs 521

Test 10.3. Evaluating Arguments 523

Test 10.4. Critical Reading 524

You, the Reader: Chapter 10 Wrap-up 526



Additional Readings 527

Reading 11 Viva! Barrios Unidos (Human Interest) 528

Reading 12 Who Are the Police? (Criminal Justice) 534

Reading 13 Television in Transition

(Communication/Media) 539

Reading 14 Minds of Their Own: Animals Are Smarter

Than You Think (Nature) 545

Reading 15 The Marshmallow Test (Psychology) 552



Appendix: Understanding Word Structure: Common Roots 559



Credits 567



Index 571