Public Speaking in the Age of Diversity

Most chapters include “Summary.” I.WHO IS SPEAKING? WHO IS LISTENING?

1.Public Speaking: An Introduction.


Case Study: Welcome to Public Speaking.



The Public Speaker's Role: Realizing Personal, Professional, and Societal Benefits.



Three Ways to Avoid the Dangers and Traps of Ineffective Speechmaking: Diversity, ethics, and Critical Thinking.



Who Is the Speaker's Public? Comparing and Contrasting Types of Communication.



The Communication Process at Work.

2.Understanding and Handling Speech Anxiety and Stress: Getting Ready for the First Speech.


Case Study: The Effects of Apprehension.



The Sources of Speechmaking Anxiety.



Considering Diversity: Imagine the Possibility.



Combating the Adverse Physical Effects of Speech Apprehension.



Combating the Adverse Mental Effects of Speech Apprehension.



Skills Training Combats Apprehension.



Learning to Manage Your Speech Fright.



Preparing for Your First Speech: Setting Your Sights on Effective Public Speaking.



How Good a Public Speaker are You Prepared to Become?

3.The Role of Ethics in Public Speaking.


Case Study: The Substitute.



Ethics and Public Speaking.



The Ethical Obligations of Speakers and Receivers.



Critical Thinking and Ethical Deliberation.



Multiculturalism and Ethical Deliberation.

4.Listening Critically: What Is the Speaker Really Saying?


Case Study: Are You Listening?



What Listening Is and Is Not.



Cultural Diversity and Listening.



Why Listening Is Important.



The Nonlisteners versus the Listeners: The Ethics of Listening.



How to Enhance Your Listening Effectiveness.

II.SPEECH PLANNING.

5.Analyzing the Audience: Focusing on Your Listeners.


Case Study: Meet the Audience.



For Whom Are You Speaking? Are You Fully Prepared to Become an Audience-Centered Speaker?



Cultural Diversity and the Adaptation Challenge.



Audience Analysis: What to Look for and How to Look for It.



Tools You Can Use to Gather Information About Your Audience: How to Find Out What You Need to Know.



How to Use What You've Discovered: Adapting to Your Audience.

6.Analyzing Your Purpose: Selecting a Topic.


Case Study: The Quandary.



Choosing Your Topic: Why Are You Speaking?



Getting More Specific: Developing Your General and Specific Purpose.



Formulating Your Central Ideas: Making Your Words Work.



Evaluating Your Choices.

7.The Speaker's Search for Materials: How to Research Your Speech.


Case Study: Behind the Scenes.



The Value of Personal Knowledge: Tapping Your Reservoir of Experience.



The Value of Interviewing: How to Probe for Insights.



The Value of Ordering Material by Mail or Fax: Writing Away for Data.



The Value of Library Research: The Source Search.

8.Supporting What You Say: How to Integrate Supporting Materials into Your Speech.


Case Study: The Sleeper.



The Critically Thinking Audience.



The Power of Examples and Illustrations.



Considering Diversity: It's in the Example.



The Power of Explanations and Descriptions: Can You Understand and See It?



The Power of Definitions and Analogies: Further Increasing Audience Understanding.



The Power of Testimony: Who Says So?

III.PUTTING IT TOGETHER: THE PLAN TAKES SHAPE.

9.Order Please! How to Organize the Body of Your Speech.


Case Study: Order, Order.



Why Organization Counts!



Oral versus Written Organization.



Building the Skeleton of Your Speech: Main Points First!



Making Connections: Is There Unity Behind Your Idea?



Culture's Influence on Organization.

10.Introducing and Concluding your Speech: The Starting Point and the Finish Line.


Case Study: Where Do I Begin? How Do I End?



The Introduction: The Importance of Getting Off to a Good Start.



Use the Introduction to Build Credibility.



Use the Introduction to Capture the Attention of Receivers.



Use the Introduction to Preview Speech Content.



The Introduction: Pitfalls.



The Conclusion: It's Not Over Until It's Over.



Use the Conclusion to Forecast your Speech's End: Send a Clear Signal.



Use the Conclusion to Reemphasize your Central Idea and Main Points.



Use the Conclusion to Remotivate Your Audience.



Use the Conclusion to Achieve Closure.

11.Outlining for Success.


Case Study: Is an Outline Really Necessary?



The Outline's Functions.



The Speechmaker as Builder: The Nature of the Planning/Preparation Outline.



Developing Speaker's Notes: Preparing to Speak the Speech.

IV.PRESENTATION SKILLS: SPEAKING THE SPEECH.

12.The Speaker's Work: Language, Thought, and Action.


Case Study: Words That Count.



The Language and Speech Connection: What Is Language?



Language and Cultural Diversity.



Language Is a Power Tool.



Meaning and the People Factor.



Meaning and Time and Place.



How to Use Language to Accomplish Your Goals.



Oral versus Written Style.

13.The Speaker's Delivery: Style, Voice, Body Language.


Case Study: Must You Believe Your Own Words.



The Value of Good Delivery.



Delivery Styles: A Potpourri of Methods.



The Speaker's Voice: The Sound of Speech.



The Speaker's Body Language: Right before Your Eyes.



Culture and Nonverbal Delivery.



Rehearsal: The Practice Promise.



Preparing for the Q & A Session.

14.Speaking with Visual Aids.


Case Study: Seeing Is Believing.



Why Use Visual Aids? Gaining the Speaker's Advantage.



Kinds of Visual Aids.



Cultural Diversity and the Use of Visuals.



Attaining the Visual Advantage: How to Get the Most From Your Visual Aids.

V.AT THE SPEAKER'S STAND: SPEAKING FOR AN ARRAY OF PURPOSES.

15.Speaking to Inform.


Case Study: The Power of Information.



Addressing Diversity: Speaking of Difference.



Types of Informative Speaking.



The Informative Speaker Speaks: Goals and Purpose.



Techniques That Increase Your Effectiveness in Speaking to Diverse Audiences.

16.Speaking to Persuade.


Case Study: Both Sides.



Persuasion in Action.



Three Theories of Persuasion.



Cultural Diversity and the Persuasive Process.



How to Work with the Attitudes, Beliefs and Values of Audience Members.



The Persuasive Speaker: Goals and Purposes.



Professional Insight: Persuasion in Practice.



Types of Persuasive Speaking.



An Organizing Framework for a Persuasive Speech.



Persuasive Speaking and Audience Diversity: Strategies that Enhance Persuasive Speaking Effectiveness.



The Ethics of Sensemaking: Reasoning Without Logical Fallacies.



Target Audience Needs and Fears and Arouse the Emotions of Receivers.

17.Speaking on Special Occasions.


Case Study: Graduation Special.



The Ceremonial Speaker: Goals and Functions.



Types of Ceremonial Speaking.



Ceremonial Speaking and Cultural Diversity.

18.Speaking in the Small Group.


Case Study: The Group.



What Is a Small Group?



Culture and Group Interaction.



How Does Speaking Change When the Public You're Speaking to Shrinks?



Small Group Leadership.



Small Group Membership.



Problem Solving in the Small Group: The Reflective Thinking Sequence.



Presenting the Outcomes of Group Discussion.

Notes.
Index.
Photo Credits.
Text. Credits.