Nineteenth-Century Gardens and Gardening

Dr Sarah Dewis followed a career in graphic design at the BBC and completed her doctorate at Birkbeck University of London. She contributed to The Lure of Illustration in Nineteenth Centiury Picture and Press (2009) and to the Dictionary of Nineteenth Century Journalism in Great Britain and Ireland (2009). She has lectured at the Institute of Historical Research (2014) and is the author of The Loudons and the Gardening Press (2014). Dr Brent Elliott was Librarian of the Royal Horticultural Society from 1982 to 2007, and since 2007 has been the Society’s Historian. He is the author of Victorian Gardens (1986), Treasures of the Royal Horticultural Society (1994), The Country House Garden (1995), Flora: an Illustrated History of the Garden Flower (2001), The Royal Horticultural Society: a History 1804-2004 (2004), and most recently, RHS Chelsea Flower Show: a Centenary Celebration (2013). A former editor of Garden History, he is currently editor of Occasional Papers from the RHS Lindley Library. He is a member of the Victorian Society’s Buildings Committee, and for 25 years was a member of the Historic Parks and Gardens Committee/Panel of English Heritage.

Volume 3. Science: Institutions

List of illustrations

Acknowledgments

General Introduction

Introduction to volume 3

Part 1. Communications

a) Shows and Societies

1. Anon., ‘Harpurhey’, ‘Notices’, An Account of the Different Gooseberry Shows … (1819, 1821), pp. 68-69, 149-50

2. Anon., ‘Notices’, ‘Mason’s Arms’, An Account of the Different Flower-shows … (1821), pp. 8-10; Thomas Hogg, ‘Rules, Regulations, Prizes’; Concise and Practical Treatise on the Culture of Florists’ Flowers (1820), pp. 151-157; J. C. Loudon. ‘Walworth Florists’ Garden’, Gardener’s Magazine, vol. 1 (July 1826), pp. 349-351

3. Thomas Andrew Knight, ‘Introductory remarks’, Transactions of the Horticultural Society of London (1807), pp. 1-7

4. J. C. Loudon and ‘A Subscriber’, ‘Horticultural Society and Garden’, Gardener’s Magazine, vol. 3 (September 1827), pp. 108-109 and ‘Philo-Olitorum’, ‘Fete in the Chiswick Garden’ (November 1827), pp. 231-233

5. John Lindley, ‘Leader’, Gardeners’ Chronicle, (26 June 1847), p. 419; Edward Beck, ‘Chiswick Exhibition—Exclusion of Seedling Florists’ Flowers, (2 October 1847), p. 654; John Lindley, ‘Leader’ (9 October 1847), p. 667

6. Jackson Downing, ‘Horticultural Shows’, Horticulturalist and Journal of Rural Art and Rural Taste, (September 1850), pp. 105-107; Thomas Meehan, ‘Horticultural societies and the horticultural community’ Gardener’s Monthly and Horticultural Advertiser (1 March 1862), 81-82

7. William Paul, ‘Floricultural Millinery’, Florist and Pomologist (May, 1869), pp. 98-100; Samuel Reynolds Hole, (‘The Six of Spades’), ‘Mr. Evans on Shows and Showing’, The Garden (21 September 1872), pp. 243-245; Anon (George Johnson/Robert Hogg), ‘Special Shows’, Journal of Horticulture and Cottage Gardener (5 July 1877) 1-2

b) The Gardening Press

8. J. C. Loudon, ’Introduction’, Gardener’s Magazine and Register of Rural Improvement, vol. 1 (1826), pp. 1-9

9. Joseph Harrison, ‘Introduction’, Floricultural Cabinet (March 1833), pp. 1-3

10. Pierre Antoine Poiteau, ‘A Selection of Editorial Comments, Revue Horticole, ou Journal des Jardiniers et Amateurs, 1829, vol. 1, p. 51; 1831, p. 529; vol. 2, 1832, pp. 5-6

11. Andrew Jackson Downing, Horticulturalist and Journal of Rural Art (July 1846), pp. 9-10

12. Thomas Meehan, ‘Publisher’s Card’, ‘Congratulatory and Explanatory’, ‘Cottage Window Gardening’, ‘The Influence of Horticulture’, Gardener’s Monthly and Horticultural Advisor (1 January 1859), p. 6

13. George Glenny, ‘Leader’, Gardeners’ Gazette and Weekly Journal of Science, Literature and General News (7 January 1837) p. 8, ‘Prospectus’ (5 August 1837), ‘Leader’ (14 July 1838), p. 440

14. John Lindley, ‘Leader’, ‘Prospectus’, Gardeners’ Chronicle (2 January 1841), (30 March 1872), pp. 428-429

15. George W. Johnson, ‘Introductory’, Cottage Gardener (5 October 1848), p. 1

16. Anon., The Garden: An Illustrated Weekly Journal of Horticulture in All Its Branches (30 March 1872), pp. 420-421

17. Shirley Hibberd, ‘Marketing for the Garden’, ‘Profitable Gardening’, Amateur Gardening (1 January 1884), pp. 1-2

c) Nurseries and Seed Companies

18. ‘Robert Sweet was indicted for feloniously receiving, on the 29th January, seven plants…the goods of our lord the King…’ (1824), p. 1, 9-18, 19-23

19. Anon., (Suttons) ‘Garden Memoranda‘, Gardeners’ Chronicle (27 November 1852), pp. 758-759; ‘A Seedman’s Plea’ (22 December 1866), 1221-1222; ‘Farm Memoranda’ (9 February 1867), 140; Gardeners’ Magazine, Advert (24 January 1874)

20. Shirley Hibberd, ‘Messrs James Carter and Co.’s Seed Stores’, Gardeners’ Magazine (31 January 1874), p. 51

21. Anon., ‘First Prosecution under the Adulteration of Seeds Act’, Gardeners’ Chronicle (1 December 1877), pp. 697-698

22. Front cover Carters’ Bulb Catalogue (1895), and ‘Carter’s Choice Ranunculus’, p. 24.

Part 2. Empire

a) Classification (pre-1850)

23. John Horsefield, ‘John Horsefield, the Botanist’, Manchester Guardian (21 December, 1850), p. 5

24. J. C. Loudon, ‘Taxonomy or the Classification of Plants’, Encyclopaedia of Gardening (1827), bk. 1, ch. 4, pp. 128-130

25. Elizabeth Kent, ‘Considerations on Botany as a Study for Young People…’, Magazine of Natural History (1829), pp. 124-135

26. John Lindley, ‘Letters on Botany’, Ladies’ Botany, or a Familiar Introduction to the Study of the Natural System of Botany, vol. 1 (1834), pp. 3-18

b) Plant Collecting

27. Joseph Banks, ‘Extract of a letter...from Sir Joseph Banks…Botanical Collectors…1814,’ British Parliamentary Papers, 1821, xxi, p. 374 –376

28. John Lindley, ‘Instructions for Collecting and Packing Seeds and Plants in Foreign Countries….’, Tracts (1825), pp. 5-20

29. Donald Beaton, ‘Packing Trees for the Colonies’, Cottage Gardener (26 February 1852), pp. 331-333; ‘Packing Fruit Trees etc for Our Colonies’ (1 March 1852), 352-354

30. Robert Schomburgk, ‘Journal entry, Jan. 1st 1837’, The Guiana Travels of Robert Schomburgk, 1835-1844, (Riviere, 2006) pp. 196-197; Twelve Views in the Interior of Guiana (1841), pp. 1-2; Alcide D’Orbigny, ‘Notes on the Species Victoria’ (Notes sur les éspèces du genre Victoria’), Annales des Sciences Naturelles, Botanique (1840), 53-57

31. Walter Hood Fitch and Joseph Hooker, ‘Rhododenron dalhousiae’, The Rhododendrons of Sikkim-Himalaya… (1849)

32. Charles Maries ‘Rambles of a Plant Collector’, The Garden (23 July 1881), pp. 84-86

33. Robert Fortune, Three Years Wanderings in the Northern Provinces of China (1847), pp. 376-80; ‘Letter from Fortune to the Government in India and copy-contract between Fortune and his contractor, Wang–tih Poon’ (1851)

34. Thomas Birch Freeman, correspondence with Joseph Hooker from ‘Beulah Gardens’, Nigeria, (1872/3)

35. Charles Naudin, ‘Naudin’s Horticultural visit to Algiers’, Revue Horticole (1853), pp. 149-158

c) Botanic Gardens

36. William Jackson Hooker, ‘Plan and Key’, Catalogue of Plants, Royal Botanic Gardens, Glasgow, (1825)

37. J. C. Loudon, ‘The Hackney Nursery or Commercial Botanical Garden’, Encyclopaedia of Gardening (1827), bk.4, pt. 3, sect.3, p. 1035

38. Robert Marnock, ’On the Formation of Floricultural and Botanical Gardens, with Remarks on Botanical Gardens – the Objects of the Latter Differing from the Former’, Floricultural Magazine (January 1837), pp. 169-174

39. John Lindley, ‘Report made to the Committee appointed by the Lords of the Treasury, 1838, to Inquire into the Management &c. of the Royal Gardens at Kew’, (London: House of Commons) 1840. Parliamentary Papers, 1840

40. Pierre Boitard, ‘The Botanic Garden and School’, (‘Du Jardin et de l’école botanique’), Traite de la Composition de l’Ornement des Jardins’… (5th edn. 1839), pp. 50-52, plate 8 (figs 1 2,3,4,6,8)

41. Baron Ferdinand von Mueller, ‘The Use of Botanic Gardens, Gardeners’ Chronicle, (10 August, 1872), pp. 1068-1070 (17 August, 1872), 1099-1100 (7 September 1872), 1196-1197

d) Zoological Gardens

42. Jules Janin, ‘Introduction’, Pierre Boitard (ed.) The Jardin des Plantes: Description of the Mammals and their Habits of the Menagerie and of the Natural History Museum (Les Jardin des Plantes…) (1842), pp. i-ii; li-lvi

43. Decimus Burton, ‘Design for the Gardens in the Regents Park belonging to the Zoological Society’ and accompanying letter by the President and Council of the Zoological Society (1827)

44. Joseph Paxton, ‘Art 1, Ideas on Forming a New Garden in the Neighbourhood of London for the Collective Purposes of the Zoological, Horticultural, and Medico-Botanic Societies’, Horticultural Register (October 1831), pp. 171-177

45. Joshua Major, Art 2, ‘Remarks on Mr. Billington’s plan for Leeds Zoological and Botanical Gardens in a Letter to the Council’, Gardener’s Magazine, vol. 15 (June 1839), pp. 306-316

46. Andrew Wynter, ‘The Zoological Gardens’, Quarterly Review, vol. 98 (1855), pp. 220-226, 228-230, 245-248

47. Advertisment, ‘Carl Hagenbeck’s Zoological Paradise’, 1898. Tierpark Hagenbeck, Hamburg

e) Arboretums and Woodland

48. J. C. Loudon, ‘Catalogue of Hardy Trees with Showy Flowers’, Encyclopaedia of Gardening (1822), bk. 2, pt. 3, ch. 9, pp. 1013-1015; ‘Art 2, Calls at London Nurseries, and other Suburban Gardens; ‘The Hackney Botanic Garden. Messrs. Loddiges, June 21’ Gardener’s Magazine, vol. 9 (1833), pp. 467-469

49. J. C. Loudon, ‘Introduction’, ‘Conclusion’, ‘Of the Study of the Forms of Trees and Shrubs’, Arboretum et Fruticetum Britannicum …. vol. 1 (1838), 1-4, 191-192, 193-198; vol. 7, two illustrations at different seasons of the sessile oak, now known as Quercus petraea, a native English species.

50. Jane W. Loudon, ‘Management of the Lawn, Pleasure-grounds, and Shrubbery, of a Small Villa’, Instructions in Gardening for Ladies, (1840), pp. 315-322

51. J. Robson, ‘The Arboretum versus the Pinetum’, Journal of Horticulture, Cottage Gardener and Country Gentlemen (16 January 1865), pp. 23-24

52. Laburnocytisus × adami: Prévost and Poiteau, Annales de la Société d’Horticulture de Paris vol. 7(1830), pp. 93- 96; William Herbert, ‘On Hybridization among Vegetables’, Journal of the Horticultural Society, vol. 2 (1847) p. 100; Charles Darwin, The Variation of Plants and Animals under Domestication (1868) vol. I, pp. 465-466, 467-469

53. 5th Annual Report, City of Boston Documents 1880, ‘Bussey Farm and the Arnold Arboretum at West Roxbury’; Charles S. Sargent summary to the Board of Park Commissioners, (1879), PP. 120-122, and ‘Mr Olmsted’s Plan’, Harvard University: ‘Proposition as to a Public Ground to include the Harvard Arboretum’ (1880), Charles S. Sargent, letter to President of Harvard University (1885), Annual Reports of the President and Treasurer of Harvard College, 1884-1885, pp. 147-151.

54. Henry David Thoreau, ‘To Inches Wood in Boxboro’, The Journal of Henry David Thoreau, (1906 ed.) (9, 10, November 1860), Journal 14, ch. 4, pp, 224-230

55. Francis Jane Hope, ‘Winter Aspects of Trees’, Gardeners’ Chronicle (22 February 1873), pp. 254-256