Nineteenth-Century Gardens and Gardening

Dr Sarah Dewis followed a career in graphic design at the BBC and completed her doctorate at Birkbeck University of London. She contributed to The Lure of Illustration in Nineteenth Centiury Picture and Press (2009) and to the Dictionary of Nineteenth Century Journalism in Great Britain and Ireland (2009). She has lectured at the Institute of Historical Research (2014) and is the author of The Loudons and the Gardening Press (2014). Dr Brent Elliott was Librarian of the Royal Horticultural Society from 1982 to 2007, and since 2007 has been the Society’s Historian. He is the author of Victorian Gardens (1986), Treasures of the Royal Horticultural Society (1994), The Country House Garden (1995), Flora: an Illustrated History of the Garden Flower (2001), The Royal Horticultural Society: a History 1804-2004 (2004), and most recently, RHS Chelsea Flower Show: a Centenary Celebration (2013). A former editor of Garden History, he is currently editor of Occasional Papers from the RHS Lindley Library. He is a member of the Victorian Society’s Buildings Committee, and for 25 years was a member of the Historic Parks and Gardens Committee/Panel of English Heritage.

Nineteenth Century Gardens and Gardening

Volume 1. Home

List of illustrations

Acknowledgments

General Introduction

Introduction to volume 1

Part 1. Green Homes

a) Domestic Gardens

1. J. C. Loudon, ‘Introduction’, The Suburban Gardener and Villa Companion (1838), pp. 1-6, 8-10

2. Andrew Jackson Downing, ‘Preface’, A Treatise on the Theory and Practise of Landscape Gardening, 1st edn (1841)

3. William Howitt, ‘Favourite Pursuits of English Cottagers and Workmen’, The Rural Life of England (2 vols) 2 (1838), pp. 305-311. [first published in ‘Stepping-stones in our progress towards a great Christian republic’, Taits Edinburgh Magazine (November 1835), 731-742]

4. Shirley Hibberd, ‘Introduction’, The Town Garden: A Manual for the Management of City and Suburban Gardens (1855)

5. Charles Dickens, Great Expectations (3 vols) 2 (1861), pp. 95-100

6. Shirley Hibberd, ‘Villa Gardening’, Amateur Gardening (23 June 1888), p. 85

7. Gertrude Jekyll, ‘Introductory’ and ‘Large and Small Gardens’, Wood and Garden, Notes and Thoughts, Practical and Critical, of a Working Amateur (1899), pp. 1-6, 171-179

8. Eugène Noel, ‘Small Gardens’ (‘Petits Jardins’), Le Jardin (1887), pp. 50-51

b) Kitchen and Fruit Gardens

9. Walter Nicol, ‘The Culinary Garden, Introduction’, ‘On Situations Fit for Kitchen Gardens’, ‘The Forcing Garden, Introduction’, The Gardener’s Kalendar; or, monthly directory of operations in every branch of horticulture (1810) 2nd edn. (1812), pp. 3-9, 265-268

10. J. C. Loudon, ‘Laying Out and Planting the Kitchen and Fruit-garden’, ‘Cropping and General Management of a Kitchen-garden’, The Suburban Horticulturist (1842), pp. 416-421, 434-435

11. Elizabeth Watts, ‘Preface and Dedication’, ‘Economy of Making Gardens Pay’, ‘Roots Less General in Use’, Vegetables and How to Grow Them (1866), pp. 1-5, 47-51

12. Elizabeth Watts, ‘Preface’, ‘The Orchard’, Orchard and Fruit Garden (1867), pp. 1-5

13. Gustave Flaubert, ‘Experiments in Agriculture’, Bouvard et Pécuchet (1881) trans. by D F Hannigan (1896), p. 29, 43-48, 56-60

14. J. Douglas, ‘Culford Hall, Suffolk’, Journal of Horticulture (25 February 1875) pp. 164-166

15. Gertrude Jekyll, ‘Large and Small Gardens’, Wood and Garden Notes and Thoughts, Practical and Critical, of a Working Amateur (1899), pp. 179-183

16. Anon. ‘Introduction’, ‘Kent’, ‘Staffordshire’, The Gardeners’ Magazine; The Wasted Orchards of England (1896) pp. v-viii, 1-5, 84-88

c) Greenhouses and Conservatories

17. J. C. Loudon, ‘Preface’, ‘Introduction’, ‘Of the Placing or Arrangement of the Plants in a Green-house’ The Green-House Companion (1824), pp. v-vii, 1-5, 135-142

18. John Dillwyn Llewllyn, ‘Some Account of an Orchideous House constructed at Penllegare, South Wales’, Journal of the Horticultural Society of London, vol. 1 (1846), pp. 5-6

19. Edouard André, ‘Conservatories in the Natural Style’ and ‘A Cool House’, The Garden (20 January 1872, 17 February 1872), pp. 181-184, 288-291

20. Shirley Hibberd, ‘Introduction’, ‘The Conservatory and Winter Garden’, The Amateur’s Greenhouse and Conservatory (1873), 1-3, 215-219

21. Rhoda Broughton, extract from Not wisely, but Too Well (1867), pp. 107-108

22. Frances Jane Hope, ‘Sweet-scented Greenhouse Plants’, Gardeners’ Chronicle (12 May 1877), pp. 590-591, ‘Interesting Stove Plants’ (22 March 1879), pp. 366-367

23. H. Harland, ‘Magic Grottoes and Show Ferneries’, Gardeners’ Magazine (23 December 1876), pp. 699-700

d) Garden Structures and Ornament

24. Humphry Repton, extract from Observations on the Theory and Practise of Landscape Gardening. . . (1805), pp. 157-161

25. J. C. Loudon, ‘On the Employment of Vases as Receptacles for Plants in Town Gardens…’, Gardener’s Magazine vol. 10 (October 1834), Art. 7, pp. 489-495

26. J. C. Loudon, ‘Descriptive Notice of the Villa of Mrs Lawrence at Drayton Green’, Gardener’s Magazine, vol. 14 (July 1838) Art. 1, pp. 306-308, 311-319, 322

27. Andrew Jackson Downing, ‘Embellishments; Architectural, Rustic and Floral’, A Treatise on the Theory and Practice of Landscape Gardening (1841), pp. 351-357; 383-388

28. Shirley Hibberd, Rustic Adornments for Homes of Taste (1856), ‘Garden scenery and ornaments’, pp. 327-329; 335-352

29. Frances Jane Hope, ‘On Arbours or Bowers’, Gardeners’ Chronicle (6 March 1875), pp. 305-306

30. ‘P’., ’Lamport’, Gardeners’ Chronicle (25 September 1897), pp. 209-210

Part 2. Indoor Gardens

a) Plants Under Glass (and Water)

31. Daniel Ellis, ‘Description of a Plant-case…’, Gardener’s Magazine, vol. 15 (September 1839), 481-486

32. Nathaniel Bagshaw Ward, ‘On the Application of the Closed Plan in Improving the Condition of the Poor’, On the Growth of Plants in Closely-Glazed Cases (1842), pp. 57-61

33. Rev. Thomas James, ‘The Flower-garden, a Series of Reviews…’, Quarterly Review, vol. 70 (1842), pp. 214-216

34. ‘An Admirer of Plants’, ‘On the Cultivation of Plants in the Windows of the Living Rooms, Showing their Tendency to Promote Health, with their Poisonous Effects when Introduced to Sleeping Apartments’, Floricultural Magazine and Miscellany of Gardening, vol. 1 (March 1837), pp. 217-219

35. Donald Beaton, ‘Plants in a Bed-room’, The Cottage Gardener (6 March 1855), pp. 428-429

36. E. A. Maling, ‘Introductory’, ‘Filling a Drawing-room Case…’, ‘In-door Plant Case…’Flowers and Foliage for In-door Plant Cases (1861), pp. 1-14, 43-48

37. John Lindley ‘The Belgian Window Garden’, Horticulturalist and Journal of Rural Art and Rural Taste (March 1849), pp. 427-430

38. Dr Regel, ‘Culture of Plants in Rooms’, The Garden (9 March 1872), pp. 359-362

39. Shirley Hibberd, ‘Preface’, ‘The Aquarium’, ‘The Freshwater Aquarium’, Rustic Adornments for Homes of Taste (1856), pp. iii-iv, 3-5, 15-20, 87-91

40. C. Schickler, ‘Flower Stand with Fountain Operated by Air Pressure’ (‘Blumentisch mit Springbrunnen durch Luftdruck’), Illustrirte Garten-Zeitung, vol. 1 (1856-57), pp. 234-7

41. ‘Automatic Room Fountains’ (‘Selbsthättige Zimmerfontäne’), Dr Neubert’s Deutsches Garten-Magazin, vol. 1 (1882), p. 186

b) Decoration with Plants and Flowers

42. J. C. Loudon, ‘Management of Town Green-houses, and of Plants in Chambers at Routs’, The Green-House Companion (1824), pp. 246-223

43. Jules Lachaume, ‘Decoration for Balls and Soirées’ (‘Decoration de bals et soirées’), Les Fleurs Naturelles (1847), pp. 75-78

44. Louis Van Houtte, ‘Movable Trellis’ (‘Treillis Mobile’), Flore des Serres (August 1848), p. 380

45. George M’Ewen, ’A Plea for Pyramidal Pelargoniums’ Gardener’s Magazine of Botany, Horticulture, Floristry and Natural Science, vol. 1 (January to June 1850), pp. 68-70

46. Annie Hassard, ‘Screens for the Fire-place’, ‘Pot Plants in Rooms’, Floral Decorations for the Dwelling House, (1875), pp. 63-64, 109-114

47. John Wills, ‘Plants for House Decoration’, Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society, vol. 15 (1893), pp. 84-88

48. Anon, ‘A Drama in Five Acts’ (‘Un drame en cinq actes’), Le Jardin (1891), p. 223

49. Josiah Conder, ‘Arrangement of Flowers, Introduction’, ‘Lineal Distribution’, Flowers of Japan and the Art of Floral Arrangement (1891), pp. 21-23, 45-50

c) Floral Decoration for the Table

50. E. A. Maling, ‘Preface’, ‘Flowers for Dinner Tables’, Flowers for Ornament, and Decoration and How to Arrange them (1862), iii-v, 57-69

51. Thomas C. March, ‘Glass as a Material for Displaying Flowers’, ‘Arrangement of Epergnes’, ‘Arrangements of the Flowers etc’, Flower and Fruit Decoration (1862), pp. 7-14, 32-36, 32-43

52. John Lindley, unsigned report on table decoration, Gardeners’ Chronicle (13 July 1861), pp. 646-647

53. ‘H’, ‘The Competitive Table Decorations at the Royal Botanic Gardens, by Gaslight’, The Garden, (20 July 1872), p. 52

54. Annie Hassard, ‘Artificial Light of Dining-rooms’, ‘Plants Placed through Dinner Tables’, The Garden (18 July 1874), pp. 55-56

55. John Perkins, ‘Introduction’, ‘Breakfast or Luncheon Table’, ‘Dinner Table’,Floral Designs for the Table: Being Directions for its Ornamentation with Leaves, Flowers and Fruit … (1877), PP. 9-10, 24, 31

56. Edward Luckhurst, ‘The Arrangement of Cut Flowers’, Journal of Horticulture (15 September 1881), pp. 237-238, (22 September 1881), pp. 270-271

57. Shirley Hibberd, ‘A Cheap Table Decoration’, Amateur Gardening (8 May 1884), p. 6

d) Language of Flowers, Wax Modelling and Leaf Prints

58. Henry Phillips, ‘Preface’, ‘Introduction’, Floral Emblems (1825), pp. v-ix, 23-26

59. Jules Lachaume, ‘Emblematic Language of Flowers - A’, Les Fleurs Naturelles (1847), pp. 79-89

60. Ann Pratt and Thomas Miller, ‘Preface’, ‘A’, The Language of Flowers, the Association of Flowers, Popular Tales of Flowers (1870s), pp. 5-6, 15-16

61. Sarah Carter Edgarton Mayo, ‘Preface’, ‘Key to the Fortune Teller’, ‘White Flowers’, The Floral Fortune-Teller: a Game for the Season of Flowers (1847), pp. iii-vi, 8-22

62. Emma Peachey, ‘The Editor’, ‘Preface’, ‘Peachey, ‘Roses—Instructions’, The Royal Guide to Wax Flower Modelling (1851), pp. ix-xiv, 4-8, 30-35

63. Annie M. Williams, ‘Introductory Remarks’, ‘To Make Leaves and Stems for Wax Flowers’, ‘Arrangement of Flowers for Baskets, Vases, etc’, ‘To Make Stamens, Pistils etc, for Wax Flowers’, Wax-Flower Modelling Made Easy (1871), pp. 1-12, 17-25

64. Edward Parrish, ‘The Leaf a Type of the Tree’, ’How and What to Collect’, ‘Maceration’, ‘Seed-vessels’, ‘Bleaching’, ‘Mounting the Specimens’, The Phantom Bouquet…. on the art of skeletonising leaves … and adapting them to embellish homes of taste (1862), pp. 13-24, 30-41

65. James F. Robinson, ‘Leaf Printing from Nature’, The Garden (29 November 1873), pp. 432-433

66. F. W. Burbidge, ‘How to Skeletonise Leaves and Seed-vessels for Winter Decorations’, Domestic Floriculture (1874), pp. 195-199

Bibliography of Sources

List of Press Sources

Bibliography of works cited

Appendix

Index