Nineteenth-Century Gardens and Gardening

Dr Sarah Dewis followed a career in graphic design at the BBC and completed her doctorate at Birkbeck University of London. She contributed to The Lure of Illustration in Nineteenth Centiury Picture and Press (2009) and to the Dictionary of Nineteenth Century Journalism in Great Britain and Ireland (2009). She has lectured at the Institute of Historical Research (2014) and is the author of The Loudons and the Gardening Press (2014). Dr Brent Elliott was Librarian of the Royal Horticultural Society from 1982 to 2007, and since 2007 has been the Society’s Historian. He is the author of Victorian Gardens (1986), Treasures of the Royal Horticultural Society (1994), The Country House Garden (1995), Flora: an Illustrated History of the Garden Flower (2001), The Royal Horticultural Society: a History 1804-2004 (2004), and most recently, RHS Chelsea Flower Show: a Centenary Celebration (2013). A former editor of Garden History, he is currently editor of Occasional Papers from the RHS Lindley Library. He is a member of the Victorian Society’s Buildings Committee, and for 25 years was a member of the Historic Parks and Gardens Committee/Panel of English Heritage.

Volume 6 - The Art of the Gardener

Acknowledgments

General Introduction

Introduction to volume 6

Part 1. The Flower Garden

a) The Development of the Parterre

1. Maria Jackson, Florist’s Manual (1816), pp. 1-20

2. John Claudius Loudon, appendix to Henry Groom, ‘Description of a Tulip Case’, Gardener’s Magazine, vol. 2, pp. 309-312

3. Hermann Graf von Pückler-Muskau, Introduction to section 2 Andeutungen über Landschaftsgärtnerei (1834) [transl. 2014 as Hints on Landscape Gardening, pp. 90-93, English trans]

4. Donald Beaton, ‘Spring Flowers and Bedding Plants’, Cottage Gardener, vol. 18 (1857), pp. 129

5. William Robinson, Alpine Flowers for English Gardens (1870), pp. 38-42

6. Eugène Abel Carrière, ‘Mosaiculture au Chateau du Val’, Revue Horticole, 1878, pp. 450-451; ‘Mosaiculture à l’Exposition Universelle’, ibid., pp. 465-468

7. George Eyles, ‘Bedding vs Herbaceous Plants’, Florist & Pomologist (1883), pp. 49-50

8. William Robinson et al., ‘Bedding Out’, The Garden, vol. 2 (1872), pp. 265, 406-410, 503-505, 551

9. Forbes Watson, ‘Faults in Gardening’, Flowers and Gardens (1872), pp. 119-122, 128-130, 134, 136-142

10. William Wildsmith, ‘Summer Bedding’, The English Flower Garden (1883), pp. xcv-xcvi, xcviii-cv

11. Benjamin Disraeli, extract from Lothair (1870), pp. 480-483

b) The Fower Garden: Bedding Schemes and Colour Theory

12. John Caie, ‘On a Proper Arrangement of Plants’, Gardener’s Magazine, vol. 13 (1837), pp. 301-304; ‘On Grouping Flower-beds’, Florist’s Journal, vol. 2 (1841), pp. 289-290

13. Donald Beaton, ‘Arrangement of Flower-beds’, Cottage Gardener, vol. 4 (1850), p. 76; ‘Combination of Colours’, ibid., p. 19; ‘Bedding-out Plants’, vol. 10 (1853), pp. 20-22; ‘Hampton Court Gardens: Arrangement of Colours in Bedding’, vol. 21 (1859), pp. 17-19

14. Michel Eugène Chevreul, ‘On the Art of Arranging Ornamental Plants in Gardens’, De la Loi du Contrast Simultané des Couleurs (1839) [Engl. transl. as The Principles of Harmony and Contrast of Colours, 1854], pp. 288-294

15. Gardner Wilkinson, extract from On Colour (1858), pp. 58, 59-60, 74-75.

16. [Andrew Murray], ‘Ribbon Beds versus Gardens’, Gardeners’ Chronicle (1862), pp. 1218-1219

17. David Taylor Fish, ‘Bedding Out’, Gardeners’ Chronicle (1873), pp. 611-612

c) The Flower Garden Outside the Parterre

18. Charles M’Intosh, extract from The Book of the Garden (1855), vol. 1, pp. 655-660

19. Shirley Hibberd, extract from The Amateur’s Rose Book (1885), pp. 36-44, 148-149

20. Donald Beaton, ‘Lists of Plants: Mixed Borders’, Cottage Gardener, vol. 10 (1852), pp. 59-60; ‘The Systematic Arrangement of Mixed Borders’, Cottage Gardener, vol. 15 (1855), pp. 214-215

21. William Robinson, Hardy Flowers (1871), pp. 1-7

22. Gertrude Jekyll, ‘Colour in the Flower Garden’, The Garden, vol. 22 (1882), p. 177; with correspondence, pp. 470-471

23. Gertrude Jekyll and Henry Selfe-Leonard, ‘Hardy-plant Borders’, Journal of the Royal Horticultural Society, vol. 21 (1897), pp. 433-435

Part 4. The Rockery and Rock Garden

24. J. C. Loudon’s Description of Hoole House, Gardener’s Magazine, vol. 14 (1838), pp. 353-363

25. J. H. C., ‘A Sketch of the Duke of Devonshire’s Gardens at Chatsworth’, Cottage Gardener, vol. 17 (1857), 427; Anon., ‘Chatsworth’, The Garden, vol. 5 (1874), p. 26; D. G. Mitchell, ‘Rockwork at Chatsworth’, The Garden, vol. 1 (1871), p. 50

26. M. Denis, ‘L’Alcazar de Lyon’, Belgique Horticole, vol. 3 (1853), pp. 331-333

27. James Pulham, ‘Stratified Rockwork’, Journal of Horticulture, vol. 30 (1876), p. 137

28. William Robinson, extract from Alpine Flowers for English Gardens (1870), pp. 1-7, 32-36; extract from The English Flower Garden, 4th ed. (1895), pp. 155-156

Part 5. The Pleasure Ground and Woods

29. John Claudius Loudon, extract from Suburban Gardener and Villa Companion (1838), pp. 525-529

30. Hermann Graf von Pückler-Muskau, ‘Transplanting and Grouping of Larger Trees and Planting in General’, Andeutungen über Landschaftsgärtnerei (1834) [transl. 2014 as Hints on Landscape Gardening pp. 51-62]

31. Andrew Jackson Downing, ‘A Few Hints on Landscape Gardening’, from Rural Essays (1853), pp. 119-122

32. Robert Glendinning, ‘On the Introduction of New Coniferous Trees in Park Scenery’, Journal of the Horticultural Society of London, vol. 5 (1850), pp. 173-17533. William Barron, extract from The British Winter Garden (1852), pp. 9-15

34. William Paul, extract from Hand-Book of Villa Gardening (1855), pp. 17-19

35. Alphonse Alphand, extract from Les Promenades de Paris (1867-73), I, pp. li-lvii

36. Robert Glendinning, ‘Elvaston Castle, the Seat of the Earl of Harrington’, Gardeners’ Chronicle (1849), p. 773, 789

37. Edward Kemp, ‘Biddulph Grange, the Residence of James Bateman, Esq.’, Gardeners’ Chronicle (1856), pp. 727-728

38. Charles W. Quin, ‘The Horticultural Comprachicos of Japan at the Paris Exhibition’, The Garden, vol. 14 (1878), pp. 174-175

39. William Robinson, extract from the The Wild Garden, 3rd ed. (1883), pp. 1-8, vii-viii

40. William Paul, ‘On Colour in the Tree Scenery of our Gardens, Parks, and Pleasure Grounds’ (1870), from his Contributions to Horticultural Literature (1896), pp. 456-461

41. Alexander McKenzie, extract from ‘The Amateur’s Arboretum’, Floral World (1875), pp. 321-323

42. Anon., ‘Waddesdon’, Gardeners’ Chronicle (27 June 1885), pp. 820-821

43. Reginald Blomfield, extract from The Formal Garden in England (1891), pp. 227-229

Part 6. From the Municipal Park to the Garden City

a) Commercial Pleasure Gardens

44. Warwick Wroth, extract from The London Pleasure Gardens of the 18th Century (1896), pp. 4-11

b) Public Walks and Public Parks

45. Public Health, House of Commons debate, 21 February 1833, Hansard vol. 15 cc. 1049-1059

46. Frederick Law Olmsted, extract from Walks and Talks of an American Farmer in England (1852), pp. 78-83

47. John Lindley, Leader, Gardeners’ Chronicle (1850), p. 707

48. John Lindley, ‘Finsbury Park’, Gardeners’ Chronicle (1857), p. 469

49. Samuel Broome, ‘Flowers in the Public Parks’, Gardeners’ Chronicle (1859), p. 726; The Times, 25 November 1859, p. 5 (parliamentary report); Pall Mall Gazette 1866, reprinted in Gardeners’ Chronicle (1866), pp. 879-80

50. Frederick Law Olmsted, ‘Description of a Plan for the Improvement of the Central Park’ (1858), in Papers of Frederick Law Olmsted, supplementary series, vol. I, pp. 117-122

51. Frederick Law Olmsted, ‘Report of the Landscape Architects and Superintendents [re Prospect Park]’ (1871), in Papers of Frederick Law Olmsted, vol. III, pp. 498-500, 502

52. John James Sexby, extract from The Municipal Parks, Gardens, and Open Spaces of London (1898), pp. 13-17

53. Octavia Hill, extract from Homes of the London Poor (1875), pp. 200-205

c) Town Planning, Garden Cities and Garden Suburbs

54. J. C. Loudon, ‘Hints for Breathing Spaces for the Metropolis’, Gardener’s Magazine, vol. 5 (1829), pp. 686-690

55. Anon. [John Lindley?], leader in Gardeners’ Chronicle, 1853, pp. 436-437

56. William Paul, ‘The Future of Epping Forest’, Journal of Horticulture, vol. 38 (1880), pp. 96-98

57. Frederick Law Olmsted, Annual Report of the Architect of the United States Capital (1882), pp. 600-606

58. Camillo Sitte, Der Städtebau nach seinen Künstlerischen Grundsätzen (1889), pp. 108-111 [trans.]

59. Joseph Stübben, ‘Promenade Parks’, Der Städtebau (1890), pp. 505-509 [trans.]

60. William Paul, ‘On Trees and Shrubs for Large Towns’, Gardeners’ Chronicle (31 October 1891), pp. 513-514, 556-557

61. Ebenezer Howard, ‘The Town Country Magnet’, To-morrow (1898), pp. 12-19

Bibliography of Sources

List of Press Sources

Bibliography of works cited

Index