Essential Oils

Inamuddin, PhD, is an assistant professor in the Department of Applied Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, India. He received his masters and PhD in applied chemistry from Aligarh Muslim University (AMU), India. He has published 165 books with various publishers, including Wiley-Scrivener, and he has 210 research articles to his credit. He has years of research experience and has received numerous awards and grants throughout his illustrious career. He also is an associate editor for several scientific and technical peer-reviewed journals and has been a guest editor as well. He has also worked as a postdoctoral fellow at the Center of Research Excellence in Renewable Energy, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Saudi Arabia, and is a life member of the Journal of the Indian Chemical Society. Tariq Altalhi, PhD, is an assistant professor in the Department of Chemistry at Taif University, Saudi Arabia. He received his doctorate degree from University of Adelaide, Australia in the year 2014 with Dean’s Commendation for Doctoral Thesis Excellence. He has worked as head of Chemistry Department at Taif university and Vice Dean of Science College. His group is involved in fundamental multidisciplinary research in nanomaterial synthesis and engineering, characterization, and their application in molecular separation, desalination, membrane systems, drug delivery, and biosensing, and, in 2015, one of his works was nominated for a Green Tech Award from Germany, Europe’s largest environmental and business prize, amongst top 10 entries. Jorddy Neves Cruz is a researcher at the Federal University of Pará and the Emilio Goeldi Museum. He has experience in multidisciplinary research in the areas of medicinal chemistry, drug design, extraction of bioactive compounds, extraction of essential oils, food chemistry, and biological testing. He has published several research articles in scientific journals and is an associate editor of the Journal of Medicine.

Preface xxvii

1 A Methodological Approach of Plant Essential Oils and their Isolated Bioactive Components for Antiviral Activities 1
Kunal Sharma, Vivek Mishra, Kumar Rakesh Ranjan, Nisha Yadav and Mansi Sharma

2 Essential Oils Used to Inhibit Bacterial Growth in Food 31
Luiza Helena da Silva Martins, Sabrina Baleixo da Silva, Adilson Ferreira Filho, Andrea Komesu, Johnatt Allan Rocha de Oliveira and Debora Kono Taketa Moreira

3 Industrial Application of Essential Oils 49
S. Kiruthika and S. Vishali

4 Influence of Biotic and Abiotic Factors on the Production and Composition of Essential Oils 69
Sandra Gonçalves, Inês Mansinhos and Anabela Romano

5 Investigation of Antiviral Effects of Essential Oils 99
Ahmad Mustafa, Dina H. El-Kashef, Miada F. Abdelwahab, Alshymaa Abdel-Rahman Gomaa, Muhamad Mustafa, Nada M. Abdel-Wahab and Alyaa H. Ibrahim

6 Mentha sp. Essential Oil and Its Applicability in Brazil 125
Daniele de Araujo Moysés, Hanna Patricia dos Santos Martins, Margoula Soares Ribeiro, Natasha Costa da Rocha Galucio, Raquel Ribeiro de Souza, Regianne Maciel dos Santos Correa, José de Arimateia Rodrigues do Rego, Maria Fani Dolabela and Valdicley Vieira Vale

7 Microbial Influence on Plants for Enhanced Production of Active Secondary Metabolites 157
Naushin Bano, Mohammad Amir, S. Nabilah Jawed and Roohi

8 Valorization of Limonene Over Acid Solid Catalysts 173
José E. Castanheiro

9 Elucidating the Role of Essential Oils in Pharmaceutical and Industrial Applications 185
Sundaresan Bhavaniramya, Selvaraju Vishnupriya, Kumanan Vijayarani and Ramar Vanajothi

10 Uses of Essential Oils in Different Sectors 207
Sumeyra Gurkok and Selma Sezen

11 Chemical Composition and Pharmacological Activities of Essential Oils 229
V. Chandrakala, Valmiki Aruna, Gangadhara Angajala and Pulikanti Guruprasad Reddy 

12 Augmented Stability and Efficacy of Essential Oils Through Encapsulation Approach 269
Poonam Parashar and Kamla Pathak

13 Antimicrobial Effect of Essential Oils for Food Application 291
Larissa Morais Ribeiro da Silva, Jorge Alberto Sanchos-Burgos, Eveline de Alencar Costa, Maria Jaiana Gomes Ferreira, Cicero C. Pola, Carmen Luiza Gomes and Celli Rodrigues Muniz 

14 Antioxidant or Antimicrobial Nature of Essential Oils to Minimize Food Waste 315
Dipak Subhash Sali, Vishal Gokul Beldar, Alok Kumar Panda and Manojkumar Jadhao

15 Application of Essential Oils to Biofilms 339
Sumeyra Gurkok and Selma Sezen

16 Biological Applications of Essential Oil 361
D. Jini

17 Current Status and Advancement of Biopesticides from Essential Oil for Agriculture, Food Storage, and Household Applications 381
Masrina Mohd Nadzir, Salfarina Ramli, Farhana Nazira Idris and Faiznur Mohd Fuad

18 Essential Oil Used as Larvicides and Ovicides 427
Gurleen Kaur, Rajinder Kaur and Sukhminderjit Kaur

19 Essential Oil-Based Biopesticides 443
Nishant Sharma, Kunal Sharma, Sachchidanand Soaham Gupta, Kumar Rakesh Ranjan, Vivek Mishra and Maumita Das Mukherjee

20 Essential Oils Obtained from Algae: Biodiversity and Ecological Importance 465
Deprá, M. C., Dias, R. R., Nascimento, T. C., Silva, P. A., Zepka, L. Q. and Jacob-Lopes, E.

21 Gas Chromatography-Olfactometry (GC‐O) of Essential Oils and Volatile Extracts 477
Eduardo Dellacassa and Manuel A. Minteguiaga

22 In Vitro and In Vivo Methods Used to Assess the Biological Potential of Essential Oils 501
Syed Ali Raza Naqvi, Sadaf Ul Hassan, Tauqir A. Sherazi, Amjad Hussain, Muhammad Rehan Hasan Shah Gilani and Tanvir Hussain

23 Biological Potential of Essential Oils: Evaluation Strategies 521
Santanu Chakraborty, Manami Dhibar, Aliviya Das, Kalpana Swain and Satyanarayan Pattnaik

24 Algal Essential Oils and Their Importance in the Ecosystem 551
S.Z.Z. Cobongela

25 Classical Methods for Obtaining Essential Oils 565
Syed Raza Ali Naqvi, Hiba Shahid, Ameer Fawad Zahoor, Muhammad Saeed, Muhammad Usman, Ali Abbas, Mamoon Ur Rasheed and Tanvir Hussain

26 A Comprehensive Guide to Essential Oil Determination Methods 583
Payel Dhar, Urbashi Neog, Biplab Roy, Nishithendu Bikash Nandi, Sankar Chandra Deka and Pinku Chandra Nath 

27 Encapsulation of Essential Oils 603
Ádina L. Santana and M. Angela A. Meireles 

28 Encapsulated Essential Oils: Main Techniques to Increase Shelf-Life 619
Fernanda Wariss Figueiredo Bezerra, Lucas Cantão Freitas, Vânia Maria Borges Cunha, Giselle Cristine Melo Aires, Rafael Henrique Holanda Pinto and Raul Nunes de Carvalho Junior

29 Encapsulation Technologies of Essential Oils for Various Industrial Applications 635
Tuyen C. Kha and Phuong H. Le

30 Extraction of Essential Oils with Supercritical Fluid 671
Ádina L. Santana and M. Angela A. Meireles

31 Advantages of Essential Oil Extraction Using Supercritical Fluid: Process Optimization and Effect of Different Processing Parameters on Extraction Efficiency 685
Shaziya Manzoor, Rubiya Rashid, Mudasir Ahmad, F.A. Masoodi, Pir Mohammad Junaid and Sadaf Parvez

32 Supercritical Fluid Extraction of Essential Oils from Natural Sources: Mathematical Modeling and Applications 707
Carina Contini Triques, Edson Antônio da Silva, Kátia Andressa Santos, Elissandro Jair Klein, Veronice Slusarski-Santana, Márcia Regina Fagundes-Klen and Mônica Lady Fiorese

33 Fundamentals, Mathematical Models, and Extraction Processes with Supercritical Fluids 741
Facundo Mattea, Nicolás Gañán and Marcelo Ricardo Romero

33.1 Introduction: Background 741

34 Supercritical CO2 Extraction as a Clean Technology Tool for Isolation of Essential Oils 767
T. P. Krishna Murthy, R. Hari Krishna, M. N. Chandra Prabha, Priyadarshini Dey, Blessy Baby Mathew and C. Manjunatha

35 Classical Techniques for Extracting Essential Oils from Plants 795
Yogesh Murti, Sonia Singh and Kamla Pathak 

36 Acquisition of Essential Oils Through Traditional Techniques 859
Lucas Cantão Freitas, Vinicius Sidonio Vale Moraes, Sabrina Baleixo da Silva and Raul Nunes de Carvalho Junior

37 Essential Oils: Chemical Composition and Methods of Extraction 871
Arshi Gupta, Kumar Rakesh Ranjan, Nisha Yadav, Deeksha and Vivek Mishra 

38 Dental Applications of Essential Oils 891
Aarati Panchbhai

39 Essential Oil-Based Therapies 903
Syed Ali Raza Naqvi, Vaneeza Javed, Naseem Abbas, Muhammad Rehan Hasan Shah Gilani, Sadaf Ul Hassan, Muhammad Rizwan Javed and Mazhar Hussain

40 Clinical Applications of Essential Oils 933
Laxmi Tripathi, Praveen Kumar, Kalpana Swain and Satyanarayan Pattnaik

41 Therapeutic Role of Essential Oils 953
S. Vishali, E. Kavitha and S. Selvalakshmi 

42 Plant Essential Oils and Their Constituents for Therapeutic Benefits 977
Monika Rani, Simran Jindal, Ritesh Anand, Niharika Sharma, Kumar Rakesh Ranjan, Maumita Das Mukherjee and Vivek Mishra

43 Essential Oils Used in Packaging: Perspectives and Limitations 1009
Khadija El Bourakadi, Abou El Kacem Qaiss and Rachid Bouhfid

Index 1025