Handbook of Diabetes (eBook)

Rudy Bilous, MD, FRCP, is Professor Emeritus of Clinical Medicine at Newcastle University, UK. He is currently Consultant in Medical Education and Honorary Consultant in Diabetes and Endocrinology at South Tees NHS Foundation Trust, Middlesbrough, UK. He was Chair of the NICE Guideline Development Group for Diabetes in Pregnancy. Richard Donnelly, MD, PhD, FRCP, FRACP, is Professor Emeritus, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK. He is currently Editor-in-Chief of Diabetes Obesity & Metabolism. Iskandar Idris, DM, FRCP, is Associate Professor in Diabetes and Vascular Medicine at the Division of Graduate Entry Medicine and Medical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Nottingham, UK. He is also Training Programme Director for Specialist Training in Diabetes and Endocrinology for the Health Education England East Midlands. He has published widely in the field of Diabetes and Obesity.

Preface ix

Key to the boxes x

List of abbreviations xi

Part 1: Introduction to diabetes 1

1 Introduction to diabetes 3

2 History of diabetes 6

3 Diagnosis and classification of diabetes 10

4 Public health aspects of diabetes 17

5 Normal physiology of insulin secretion and action, and the incretin effect 23

6 Epidemiology and aetiology of type 1 diabetes 35

7 Epidemiology and aetiology of type 2 diabetes 46

8 Other types of diabetes 57

Part 2: Metabolic control and complications 65

9 Diabetes control and its measurement 67

10 Management of type 1 diabetes 78

11 Management of type 2 diabetes 90

12 Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA), hyperglycaemic hyperosmolar state (HHS)and lactic acidosis 100

13 Hypoglycaemia 110

14 Causes of complications 118

15 Diabetic eye disease 129

16 Diabetic nephropathy 141

17 Diabetic neuropathy 155

18 Blood lipid abnormalities 162

19 Hypertension in diabetes 168

20 Macrovascular disease in diabetes 179

21 Foot problems in diabetes 189

22 Sexual problems in diabetes 196

23 Gastrointestinal problems in diabetes 204

24 Non-alcoholic liver disease (NAFLD) 211

25 Diabetes and cancer 217

26 Skin and connective tissue disorders in diabetes 221

27 Psychological and psychiatric problems in diabetes 227

Part 3: The spectrum and organisation of diabetes care 235

28 Intercurrent situations that affect diabetes control 237

29 Pregnancy and diabetes 247

30 Diabetes in childhood and adolescence 257

31 Diabetes in old age 265

32 Diabetes and lifestyle 269

33 Organisation of diabetes care: integrating diabetes service 275

34 Transplantation and stem cell therapy 282

Index 288