Optimizing Physical Performance During Fasting and Dietary Restriction

Ezdine Bouhlel, PhD, is a professor of exercise physiology in the Higher School of Sport and Physical Education of Tunis at the University of Manouba in Tunisia. He is also a member of the Research Unit in Exercise Physiology and Pathophysiology of the Faculty of Medicine Ibn El Jazzar of Sousse at the University of Sousse in Tunisia. Roy J. Shephard, MD, PhD, is a professor emeritus of applied physiology in the Faculty of Kinesiology and Physical Education at the University of Toronto in Canada.

Introduction: Characteristics of Fasting. Changes of Body Mass and Energy Balance during Fasting and Dietary Restriction. Carbohydrate Metabolism and Fasting. Mobilization and Utilization of Lipids during Dietary Restriction Conditions. Protein Metabolism during Dietary Restriction. Hydration and Fluid Restriction in Athletes. Changes in Hormone Levels and Circadian Rhythms during Fasting. Oxidative Stress and Fasting. Effects of Dietary and Fluid Restrictions upon Physical Performance, Cognition and Vigilance. Nutritional Recommendations for Dietary Restriction. Tactics to Sustain Training and Competitive Performance during Fasting. Coping and Recovery Tactics during Fasting and Dietary Restriction. Miscellaneous Medical Issues during Dietary and Fluid Restriction. Conclusions.