Understanding and Treating Schizophrenia

Terry S Trepper, Glenn D Shean

Preface
Section I: The development, Evolution, Epidemiology, and Subsyndromes of Schizophrenia
Chapter 1. History of the Concept of Schizophrenia
The Premodern Period
The Nineteenth Century
Origins of the Concept of Schizophrenia
Emil Kraepelin
Adolph Meyer
Eugen Bleuler
Summary
Chapter 2. Evolving Diagnostic Criteria
Diagnosing Schizophrenia
DSM-I
DSM-II
Problems with Diagnostic Reliability
European Diagnostic Efforts
Research Definitions
DSM-III
DSM-IV
Reliability and Validity
Summary
Chapter 3. Epidemiology, Course, and Outcome
Prevalence and Incidence
Phases of Schizophrenia
Long-Term Outcome
Positive and Negative Symptoms
Symptom and Premorbid Predictors of Outcome
Schizophrenia and Comorbid Substance Use
The Role of Culture in Outcome: The WHO International Pilot Study of Schizophrenia (IPSS)
Summary
Chapter 4. Language, Thought, and Syndromes of Schizophrenia
Delusions?
Categories of Symptoms
Summary
Section II. Integrative Models and Level of Analysis
Chapter 5. Vulnerability-Stress Models
A Two-Hit Biological Model of Diathesis-Stress
Vulnerability
Stress
Summary
Chapter 6. Epistemology, General Systems Theory, and Schizophrenia
General Systems Theory
Summary
Section III. Biological Perspectives
Chapter 7. Genetics and Schizophrenia
Genetic Models
The Nature of Genetic Influence
Concordance Research
Basic Genetic Research
Summary
Chapter 8. Neurobiological Models and Research
Studies of Specific Brain Abnormalities
Neurobiological Modular Systems and Clusters of Schizophrenia Symptoms
Cognitive Dysmetria
Modular Disjunction
Dysfunctions in Interrelated Systems and Symptom Clusters
Summary
Chapter 9. Antipsychotic Medications and Neurochemical Theories
Efficacy of Typical Antipsychotics
The Dopamine Hypothesis
Atypical Antipsychotics
The Hyperdopaminergic Hypothesis and Glutamate
Schizophrenia: A Neurotransmitter Imbalance Syndrome?
Summary
Section IV. Cognitive-Behavioral, Neurocognitive, and Neurodevelopmental Research
Chapter 10. Neurocognitive and Neurodevelopmental Research
Neurocognitive Indicators of Vulnerability
Neurodevelopmental Precursors to Clinical Symptoms
Therapies for Neurocognitive Deficits
Summary
Chapter 11. Cognitive-Behavioral Approaches and Therapies
Applied Behavioral Analysis
The Cognitive-Behavioral Approach
Broad-Spectrum Cognitive Therapy
Symptom-Focused Cognitive Interventions
Social Cognition and Schizophrenia
Cognitive-Behavioral Intervention Programs Tailored to Symptom Phase
Personal Therapy (PT): A Disorder-Relevant Therapy
Summary
Section V. Psychodynamic, Phenomenological, and Family-Based Theories
Chapter 12. Psychodynamic Theories: The Role of Early Experience
Background
Sullivan’s Interpersonal Theory
The Kleinian School
Margaret Mahler
Object Relations and Delusions
Robbins Hierarchical Systems/Psychoanalytical Model
Contemporary Psychodynamic Therapies
Summary
Chapter 13. Phenomenology and Schizophrenia
Delusions and the Relationship to the Outer World
The Process of Delusion Formation
Schizophrenic and Nonschizophrenic Delusions
Daseinanalysis
Summary
Chapter 14. Schizophrenia and the Family
Murray Bowen and the Washington Group
Theodore Lidz and the Yale Group
Y.O. Alanen and Finnish Family Research
The Palo Alto GroupJackson, Bateson, Haley, Weakland, Satir, and Watzlawick
Experimental Family StudiesMishler and Waxler
The Rochester Research GroupWynne and Singer
Summary
Section VI. Psychodynamic, Phenomenological,