Blockchain, Fintech, and Islamic Finance (eBook)

lt;STRONG>Hazik Mohamed, Stellar Consulting Group Pte Ltd; Hassnian Ali, University Islam Sultan Sharif Ali, UNISSA

Chapter 1: Introduction

1.1. Rationale

1.1.1. Digital Transformation and Development

1.1.2. Change in Consumer Behaviour

1.1.3. Financial Crisis and Enforcement of Regulations

1.2. Objectives

1.3. Method

1.4. Contribution

1.5. Chapter Organization

Chapter 2: Fintech Definition, History and Global Landscape

2.1. Introduction

2.2. Definition and Concept of Fintech

2.3. Evolution of Fintech

2.3.1. Fintech 1.0

2.3.2. Fintech 2.0

2.3.3. Fintech 3.0/3.5

2.4. Global Landscape of Fintech

2.4.1. Fintech Investment

2.4.2. Fintech in Major Regions

2.4.2.1. Europe

2.4.2.2. USA

2.4.2.3. Asia

2.4.2.4. Africa

CHAPTER 3: Importance of Fintech

3.1. Introduction

3.2. Fintech within Financial services Industry perspective

3.2.1. Payments Industry

3.2.2. Crowdfunding and P2P Lending

3.3.3. Neo-banking

3.3.4. Asset under Management

3.3.5. InsurTech

3.3. Fintech within Technological perspective

3.3.1. Blockchain and Its applications

3.3.1.1. Definition, concept and types

3.3.1.2. Financial industry Impacts

3.3.2. Cloud Computing

3.3.3. Big Data Analytics

3.3.4. Internet of Things

3.3.5. Robo Advisors

3.3.6. Artificial Intelligence

CHAPTER 4: Emergence of Islamic Fintech and Developments

4.1. Introduction

4.1.1. What is Islamic Fintech?

4.1.2. Line of Difference

4.1.3. Match between Islamic Finance and Fintech

4.1.4. Why Islamic Fintech lag Behind in the Global Map of Fintech?

4.2. Islamic Fintech Developments Around the Globe

4.2.1. Islamic Fintech

4.2.1.1 Islamic Crowdfunding

4.2.1.2. Islamic Fintech deploying Blockchain

4.2.1.3. Islamic Robo Advisors

4.2.1.3. Others

4.2.2. Islamic Fintech Alliance

4.2.3. World’s First Islamic Endowment Crowdfunding Platform

4.3. Islamic Countries’ Initiatives for Islamic Fintech

4.4.1. Malaysia

4.4.2. Brunei Darussalam

4.4.3. Dubai

4.4.4. Bahrain

4.4. Impediments for Islamic Fintech

CHAPTER 5: The Blockchain and The Islamic Digital Economy

5.1. Introduction

5.1.1. Investments in the Blockchain

5.1.2. Trends of the Sharing Economy and the Internet of Things (IoT) Era

5.2. Trust in the New Sharing Economy

5.2.1. Trust and Reciprocity in the Economy

5.2.2. Trust and Trustworthiness (Reciprocity) in Islam

5.3. What is the Blockchain?

5.3.1. Blockchain as Currency

5.3.2. Blockchain as Public Registries

5.3.3. Blockchain as Smart Contracts

5.3.4. Blockchain as Clearing and Settlement of Securities Transactions

CHAPTER 6: Expanded Use Cases of the Blockchain

6.1. Smart Contracts in Islamic Transactions

6.1.1. How Does a Smart Contract Work?

6.1.2. Automation and Enforceability

6.1.3. Benefits and Evolution of Blockchain-based Smart Contracts

6.1.4. Applications of Smart Contracts

6.1.4.1. Capital Markets and Investment Banking

6.1.4.2. Commercial and Retail Banking

6.1.4.3. Takaful

6.2. Islamic Trade Financing

6.2.1. Blockchain-based Trade Finance

6.2.2. Enablers to Blockchain-based Trade Financing

6.2.2.1. Blockchain-based Smart Contracts

6.2.2.2. Instant Payment Structures

6.2.3. Current Challenges

6.3. Takaful (Islamic Insurance) on the Blockchain

6.4. Blockchain-based Islamic Capital Markets

6.5. LegalTech and the Deployment of Smart Contracts for Faraid, Nuzriah and

Wasiyyah

6.6. Media Rights, Intellectual Property and Trademark Protection

CHAPTER 7: Evolution of the Blockchain

7.1. Introduction

7.1.1. Transnational Justice Applications for the Economy

7.1.2. Coordination and Efficiency in Markets through Consensus-building

7.1.3. Pragmatic Approach to Blockchain Implementation

7.2. Overcoming Limitations of the Blockchain

7.2.1. Technical Challenges

7.2.2. Business Challenges

7.2.3. Government Regulatory Challenges

7.2.4. Privacy Challenges

CHAPTER 8: Recommended Response for Islamic Financial Institutions

8.1. Introduction

8.2. Important Success Factors in this era of Fintech and Digitization

8.2.1. Better Customer Experience with Customer-centricity

8.2.2. Agility and Scalability

8.2.3. Innovation and Incubation

8.2.4. Cyber-security Management

8.3. Collaboration Model for IFI’s

8.3.1. Tech is a Huge Enabler for any Islamic Institution

8.3.2. Collaboration is Better than Competition

8.3.3. Open Innovation

8.4. Summary of the Chapter

CHAPTER 9: Conclusion

9.1. Introduction

9.2. Potential of Shariatech and Roadmap Ahead

9.3. Recommendations for Future Development

lt;p> "The authors are to be congratulated for this book. It is an important pioneering effort. The work is on the frontier of knowledge in the new area of Fintech. As is well known, the financial sector is suffering from low levels of trust in a trust-intensive industry. Islamic finance too is facing low-trust environment that has denied it the use of the strongest of its characteristics: risk-sharing. As a result, it has resorted to debt-based financing. Blockchain/smart contracts provide potentially powerful tools to address the low-trust challenge. The authors have done a great service to Islamic and conventional finance by producing a book that should be read by anyone interested in finance and economics."

—Prof. Dr. Abbas Mirakhor, Holder of the First Chair of Islamic Finance at INCEIF, retired Dean of the Executive Board of the International Monetary Fund (IMF), Washington D.C.

"This is an important contribution by the authors to two emerging fields—Islamic finance and fintech. In this respect, it touches two frontiers as this research could pave the way for the development of both fields. Fintech offers great potential for reaping the benefits of Islamic finance and this book provides an excellent overview of the issues and applications. I am confident that researchers, policy-makers, and practitioners would benefit from this important work."

—Dr. Zamir Iqbal, VP Finance and Chief Financial Officer (CFO), Islamic Development Bank (IsDB), Jeddah, former Head of World Bank Global Islamic Finance Development Center, Istanbul

"In this digital era, new technology has proven to bring agility, scalability, innovation, and efficiency in operations and means of doing our work. This book argues, persuasively, that the fintech and blockchain applications are not only the channels of fusing technology with Islamic finance; it also lays the foundation for new Islamic digital economy, while keeping in view the Maqasid Al-Shariah. This book is a first-of-its-kind contribution to the literature on constructing the Islamic digital economy."

—Dr. Hussain Mohi-ud-Din Qadri, Patron, International Centre of Research in Islamic Economics (ICRIE) Minhaj University, Lahore

"While the growth of fintech firms has already become a game changer in the conventional financial sector, its application in Islamic economy is still in an incipient stage. The authors of this pioneering work deserve appreciation to not only offer a historical perspective on these exciting developments but also suggest ways to building Islamic digital economy with the use of these tools, especially distributed ledger technology. I would recommend this book to all those who are interested in building a trusted, just and efficient Islamic digital economy."

—Zahid ur Rehman Khokher, Assistant Secretary General of the Islamic Financial Services Board (IFSB), Kuala Lumpur

"The authors hit the mark; blockchain needs to become part and parcel of economics, finance and policy across Muslim-majority countries. It is critical for the leadership to understand what blockchain is and its potential application. Islamic economies need to carefully consider the adoption and the potential institutionalization of blockchain across various facets of their economics. The authors lay the groundwork in this book, and it is a must-read for the broad audience whose desire is to focus on a next generation technology, its adoption and implications."

—Omar Rana, Director of Strategy and Finance at Finalytix, Toronto, and former Chief Investment Officer for a US$500M private family office in the GCC