Extreme and Rare Sports: Performance Demands, Drivers, Functional Foods, and Nutrition

Sourya Datta is part of the Strategic Deals team at Apple where he is responsible for managing the procurement of a number of components for Apple. Prior to joining Apple, he managed the finances for eBay’s North American division. This included managing P&L, budgeting, forecasting, and closing the month and quarters for eBay. He was also responsible for leading the analytics for Latam and Canada for eBay. Prior to that, Sourya was the supply chain manager in the Business Operations and Strategy Group at eBay. He received his Masters in Business Administration from the University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in Operations and his Bachelors of Engineering from Anna University, India, and worked in various consulting firms before doing his MBA. Sourya was featured in Poets and Quants as one of the best MBAs in 2015 and has won a number of awards in his tenure at eBay. He is an avid sports fan and has completed a number of marathons and Spartan races since 2007. He has been swimming since he was seven years old and has participated in and won numerous state level competitions. He has also taken active part in mountaineering and trekking since he was in elementary school. He has participated in various marathons in California and has been intricately associated with nutrition and functional food requirements for sports performance. He is also the author of two chapters in Developing New Functional Food and Nutraceutical Products that was published by Elsevier/Academic Press in October 2016. He is also the author of a chapter in the second edition of Nutrition and Enhanced Sports Performance published by Elsevier/Academic Press in September 2018.   Debasis Bagchi, PhD, MACN, CNS, MAIChE, received his PhD in Medicinal Chemistry in 1982. He is the director of scientific affairs at Victory Nutrition International, Inc., Lederach, Pennsylvania; a professor in the Department of Pharmacological and Pharmaceutical Sciences at the University of Houston College of Pharmacy, Houston, Texas, and, an adjunct faculty member in Texas Southern University, Houston, Texas. He served as the senior vice president of Research & Development of InterHealth Nutraceuticals Inc, Benicia, California, from 1998 until February 2011, and then as director of innovation and clinical affairs of Iovate Health Sciences, Oakville, Ontario, until June 2013, and then chief scientific officer at Cepham, Inc., Somerset, New Jersey from June 2013 until December 2018. Dr. Bagchi received the Master of American College of Nutrition Award in October 2010. He is the past chairman of the International Society of Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods (ISNFF), past president of the American College of Nutrition, Clearwater, Florida, and past chair of the Nutraceuticals and Functional Foods Division of Institute of Food Technologists (IFT), Chicago, Illionois. He is currently serving as a distinguished advisor on the Japanese Institute for Health Food Standards (JIHFS), Tokyo, Japan. Dr. Bagchi is a member of the Study Section and Peer Review Committee of the National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland. He has 352 papers in peer reviewed journals, 37 books, and 20 patents. Dr. Bagchi is also a member of the Society of Toxicology, member of the New York Academy of Sciences, fellow of the Nutrition Research Academy, and member of the TCE stakeholder committee of the Wright Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio. Dr. Bagchi is an associate editor of the Journal of Functional Foods, Journal of the American College of Nutrition, and Archives of Medical and Biomedical Research, and an editorial board member of numerous peer reviewed journals, including Antioxidants & Redox Signaling, Cancer Letters, Food & Nutrition Research, Toxicology Mechanisms and Methods, The Original Internist, and other peer reviewed journals.

Contents

Preface …………………………………………………………………………………….xi

Editors …………………………………………………………………………………….xv

Contributors …………………………………………………………..……………….xvii

Section I Introduction to Extreme Sports

Chapter 1 Extreme Endurance Sports – Why Not Just Sports? ..…………….3

David Townes

Section II Extreme Sports: Swimming,

Contact, and Combat Sports and

Factors Affecting Extreme Sports

Chapter 2 Open-Water Swimming ……………………………………………………..…. 11

Paola Zamparo, Roberto Baldassarre, Marco Bonifazi, and

Maria Francesca Piacentini

Chapter 3 Contact and Combat Sports: Sports Nutrition Benefits …………..……. 35

Jonathan Mike

Chapter 4 An Overview on the Nutritional Requirements for Athletes

Engaged in Extreme Endurance Events ……………………………………..…………….49

Chad Kerksick

Section III Overview of Food and

Nutritional Requirements

for Diverse Extreme Sports

Chapter 5 Functional Foods: Role in Endurance Sports …………………………………. 73

Kamesh Venkatakrishnan and Chin-Kun Wang

Chapter 6 Prosthetics and Limb Health in Extreme Sports ……………………………. 115

Sashwati Roy, Shomita S. Mathew-Steiner, and Chandan K. Sen

Chapter 7 Nutritional Requirements in Extreme Sports ………………………………..127

Matthew Butawan, Jade L. Caldwell, and Richard J. Bloomer

Chapter 8 Dietary Supplements for Use in Extreme Sports ………………………………………………………………………………………………………. 143

Nicholas J.G. Smith, Matthew Butawan, and Richard J. Bloomer

Chapter 9 Intake of Selected Nutrients and Some Morphological and

Biochemical Blood Parameters of Professional Athletes ………………………………. 177

Estera Nowacka-Polaczyk, Teresa Leszczyńska, Aneta Kopeć,

and Jerzy Zawistowski

Chapter 10 Testosterone in Sport: The Androgen Response to Extreme

Endurance Exercise ……………………………………………………………………………… 193

Jake Shelley, Christopher Howe, Hannah Jayne Moir, and

Andrea Petróczi

Chapter 11 Physical Performance and Antioxidants ……………………………………. 205

Wataru Aoi and Yuji Naito

Section IV Olympic Sports and Evolution

of Current Extreme Sports

Chapter 12 Greek Olympic Sports: The Beginning of Modern

Extreme Sports ………………………………………………………………………………………. 219

Sourya Datta and Debasis Bagchi

Chapter 13 An Overview of Extreme Sports ……………………………………………….…. 237

Sourya Datta and Debasis Bagchi

Chapter 14 An Overview of Challenging Mountain and High Altitude Sports …………. 259

Sourya Datta and Debasis Bagchi

Chapter 15 Structurally Diverse Water Sports in Extreme Conditions …………………….277

Sourya Datta and Debasis Bagchi

Section V Importance of Hydration

and Use of Gelatin

Chapter 16 An Overview on the Beneficial Effects of Hydration …………………………….297

Douglas S. Kalman

Chapter 17 Versatile Use of Gelatin in Functional Food and Nutraceuticals………………..... 311

Douglas S. Kalman

Section VI Impact of Eccentric Exercise

on Muscle and Adaption

of Body and Muscles

Chapter 18 Skeletal Muscle Damage and Recovery from Eccentric

Contractions......................................................................................................... 321

Eisuke Ochi and Yosuke Tsuchiya

Section VII Growth, Marketing Techniques,

and Future of Extreme Sports

Chapter 19 Extreme Sports: Growth Prospect, Marketing Potential, and

Opportunities: A Commentary........................................................................... 341

Sourya Datta and Debasis Bagchi

Index ……………………………………………………………………………………………. 353