Small-Boat Seamanship Manual

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Editor’s IntroductionChapter 1: Boat Crew Duties and ResponsibilitiesSection A: The Boat CrewSection B: Boat Crew DutiesTraineeCrew MemberBoat EngineerCoxswainSurfmanSection C: Watchstanding ResponsibilitiesLookout WatchNight Lookout WatchHelm WatchTowing WatchAnchor WatchAppendix 1-A: Pre-Underway ChecklistAppendix 1-B: Normal Cruising Checklist (Coxswain)/h4>Appendix 1-C: Auxiliary Pre-Underway ChecklistChapter 2: PatrolsSection A: Safety PatrolsBenefits of Safety PatrolsAuxiliary Safety Patrol Boat DutiesSection B: Regatta Patrols and Marine ParadesPatrolling RegattasPatrol Boat AssignmentsPatrolling the Various RegattasMarine ParadesSection C: Aids to Navigation PatrolsSection D: Chart Updating PatrolsSection E: Disaster PatrolsSection F: Port Security and Maritime PollutionChapter 3: Crew Efficiency FactorsSection A: Physical Fitness StandardsSection B: Crew FatigueSection C: Motion SicknessSection D: Lethal FumesSection E: NoiseSection F: Drugs and AlcoholSection G: Cold Related FactorsEffects of Cold WeatherHypothermiaFrostbiteLayering ClothingSection H: Sun and Heat Related FactorsSun BurnsDehydrationHeat Rash (Prickly Heat) Heat CrampsHeat ExhaustionHeat StrokeSusceptibility to Heat ProblemsChapter 4: Team Coordination and Risk ManagementSection A: Team CoordinationTeam RelationshipTeam Coordination and Risk ManagementSection B: Team Coordination StandardsLeadership StandardMission Analysis StandardAdaptability and Flexibility StandardSituation Awareness StandardDecision-Making StandardCommunication StandardAssertiveness StandardSection C: Risk Management ProcessFour Rules of Risk ManagementRisk Management Process, Step 1Risk Management Process, Step 2Risk Management Process, Step 3Risk Management Process, Steps 4, 5, 6, & 7Section D: Informal Crew Briefing and DebriefingInformal Crew BriefingInformal Crew DebriefChapter 5: First AidSection A: Crew Member’s RolesCrew ResponsibilitiesHandling and Transporting of InjuredSection B: Treatment for ShockShock SyndromesAnaphylactic ShockSection C: Resuscitation Methods and EmergenciesResuscitation ProceduresHeart AttackStrokeScuba IncidentsSection D: Treatment for Wounds, Fractures, and BurnsBandagesBleedingFractures (Broken Bones) BurnsSection E: Environmental InjuriesEmergencies Caused by HeatEmergencies Caused by ColdHypothermiaNear-DrowningFish Bites and StingsSection F: Miscellaneous EmergenciesCarbon Monoxide PoisoningPoisoning by MouthEye InjuriesChapter 6: Survival Equipment and PyrotechnicsSection A: Personal Flotation Device (PFD) Type I PFDType II PFDType III PFDType IV PFDType V PFDPFD Storage and CarePFD Survival EquipmentStandard Navy PreserverSection B: Hypothermia Protective ClothingRequirementsAntiexposure CoverallDry SuitWet SuitSection C: HeadgearSection D: Boat Crew Signal KitContentsEmergency Signaling MirrorSignal WhistleSmoke and Illumination Signal, MK-124 MOD 0Illumination Signal Kit, MK-79 MOD 0Distress Signal LightSection E: Personnel Survival KitSection F: PyrotechnicsSection G: Rescue and Survival RaftSection H: Emergency Procedures in the Event of CapsizingChapter 7: Marlinespike SeamanshipSection A: Types and Characteristics of LineLine CharacteristicsNatural Fiber LineSynthetic LineSection B: Inspection, Handling, Maintenance, and Stowage of LineInspectionUncoiling and UnreelingMaintenanceStowing LinesSection C: Breaking Strength and Safe Working LoadBreaking Strength and Safe Working Load of a LineBreaking Strength and Safe Working Load for Shackles and HooksConsiderations and LimitationsSection D: Knots and SplicesEstimating the Length of a LineBreaking StrengthBasic KnotsSplicesWhippingMousing Hooks and ShacklesSection E: Line Handling and Deck FittingsDeck FittingsLine HandlingAppendix 7-A: Estimating the Breaking Strength and Safe Working Load of Lines7-75Appendix 7-B: Estimating the Safe Working Load of ShacklesAppendix 7-C: Estimating the Safe Working Load of HooksAppendix 7-D: Eye Splice in Double Braid LineChapter 8: Boat CharacteristicsSection A: Boat Nomenclature and TerminologySection B: Boat ConstructionHull TypesKeelPrincipal Boat PartsHatches and DoorsBoat MeasurementsDisplacementSection C: Watertight IntegrityClosing and Opening Watertight Doors and HatchesEntering a Closed Compartment After DamageSection D: General Boat EquipmentSection E: Troubleshooting Basic Mechanical ProblemsTroubleshooting Diesel EnginesTroubleshooting Gasoline Inboard Engine (Except Outboards) Casualties Common to Both Diesel and Gasoline EnginesTroubleshooting the OutboardSteering CasualtyBasic Engine Maintenance for Auxiliary FacilitiesChapter 9: StabilitySection A: Safety and Risk Management ControlSection B: Understanding StabilityCenter of GravityBuoyancyEquilibriumTypes of StabilityMoment and ForcesSection C: Losing StabilityStability After DamageFree Surface EffectFree Communication with the SeaEffects of IcingEffects of DownfloodingEffects of Water on DeckChapter 10: Boat HandlingSection A: ForcesEnvironmental ForcesForces Acting on a VesselShaft, Propeller, and RudderOutboard Motors and Stern DrivesWaterjetsSection B: Basic ManeuveringLearning the ControlsMoving Forward in a Straight LineTurning the Boat with the HelmStopping the BoatBacking the VesselUsing Asymmetric or Opposed PropulsionChanging Vessel Heading Using Asymmetric or Opposed PropulsionPerforming Single-Screw Compound Maneuvering (Single Screw Theory)Section C: Maneuvering Near Other ObjectsKeeping StationManeuveringSection D: Maneuvering to or from a DockGeneral ConsiderationsBasic ManeuversRules of ThumbSection E: Maneuvering Alongside Another VesselDetermining ApproachGoing AlongsideSection F: Maneuvering in Rough WeatherUsing CautionNegotiating Head SeasRunning Before a SeaTraversing Beam SeasTransiting Harbor Entrances, Inlets, or River EntrancesCoping with High WindsHeaving-ToSection G: Maneuvering in RiversOperating in a Narrow ChannelTurning in a BendSection H: AnchoringGeneral InformationGround TackleFittingsAnchoring TechniquesAnchor StowageChapter 11: CommunicationsSection A: Radio Signal CharacteristicsModulation and FrequencyRadio SystemsRadio FrequenciesSection B: Prowords and Common AbbreviationsSection C: Verbal CommunicationsThe Phonetic AlphabetNumbers and Decimal PointsSection D: Radio Operating ProceduresSection E: Communicating Between Coast Guard FacilitiesCoast Guard Voice Call Signals and Ops Normal ReportsBridge-to-Bridge Communications RequiredSection F: Emergency Voice Communications and Distress SignalsStandard Voice Radio Urgency CallsEmergency Position-Indicating Radiobeacon (EPIRB) and Emergency Locator Transmitter (ELT)Global Marine Distress and Safety SystemDistress SignalsSection G: Radio ChecksChapter 12: Weather and OceanographySection A: WeatherWindThunderstorms and LightningFogIceForecastingSection B: OceanographyWavesCurrentsChapter 13: Aids to NavigationSection A: U.S. Aids to Navigation SystemLateral and Cardinal SignificanceGeneral Characteristics of Short-Range ATONsSummary of Lateral Significance of Buoys and BeaconsBuoysBeaconsSection B: U.S. ATON System VariationIntracoastal Waterway and Western RiversUniform State Waterway Marking SystemSection C: Short-Range Electronic AidsSection D: Radionavigation SystemsLoran-CGlobal Positioning System (GPS) Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS) Radionavigation System SummarySection E: The Light ListChapter 14: NavigationSection A: The Earth and its CoordinatesLines and CirclesParallelsMeridiansh5>Chart ProjectionsSection B: Nautical ChartsThe Compass RoseSoundingsBasic Chart InformationScale of the Nautical ChartChart Symbols and AbbreviationsBuoy SymbolsOther Chart SymbolsAccuracy of ChartsSection C: Magnetic CompassComponents of a Magnetic CompassDirectionCompass ErrorVariationDeviationCompass AdjustmentApplying Compass ErrorSection D: PilotingBasic Piloting EquipmentDistance, Speed, and TimeFuel ConsumptionTerms Used In PilotingLaying the CourseDead Reckoning (DR) Basic Elements of PilotingPlotting BearingsLine of Position (LOP)Set and Drift (Current Sailing)RadarLoranGlobal Positioning System (GPS)Differential Global Positioning System (DGPS)Section E: River SailingMajor Piloting DifferencesConditions and EffectsLocks and DamsSafety Considerations Around Navigation DamsFlood WarningsCommon River Sailing TermsChapter 15: Search and RescueSection A: Organization and ResponsibilityCoast Guard ResponsibilitySearch and Rescue CoordinationSection B: SAR Emergency PhasesSection C: Legal Aspects and U.S. Coast Guard PolicySAR AgreementsDistress Beacon IncidentsFlare IncidentsHoaxes and False AlarmsMaritime SAR Assistance PolicyGeneral Salvage Policy (Other Than Towing) General IssuesSection D: SAR Incident InformationInitial SAR InformationAdditional SAR InformationSection E: Search PlanningDatumSearch Area DescriptionSearch PatternsInitial ResponseSearch Area CoverageSection F: Search PreparationsSection G: Conducting a SearchChapter 16: Person in the Water RecoverySection A: Recovery MethodsGeneral Man Overboard ProceduresThe ApproachSailboat ApproachesApproaching in Low VisibilityApproaching Under Surf ConditionsRecoverySection B: Water Survival SkillsCold Water SurvivabilitySurvival TechniquesChapter 17: TowingSection A: Towing SafetyAssessment and AwarenessRisk Management PlanningSection B: Forces in TowingStatic ForcesDynamic ForcesCombination of Forces and Shock-LoadSection C: Towing EquipmentTowlines and AccessoriesMessengersChafing GearDeck Fittings and Other FittingsDroguesOther EquipmentSection D: Standard Towing ProceduresPre-Towing ProceduresTowing AsternConnecting Tow Rig to FittingsConnecting Tow Rig to a Trailer EyeTransition to Stern TowUnderway with Stern TowCompensating for CurrentShortening the TowTowing AlongsideSinking TowsAppendix 17-A: Towing PrecautionsChapter 18: Firefighting, Rescue, and AssistanceSection A: Safety and Damage ControlCoast Guard Firefighting Activities PolicySafety Assessment and Management GuidelinesSection B: Boat Fire Prevention and Susceptible AreasPreventive ActionsSusceptible AreasSection C: Fire Theory, Classifications, and Fuel SourcesFire TheoryClassifications of Fires and Fuel SourcesSection D: Extinguishing AgentsSection E: Applying Extinguishing AgentsApplying WaterApplying Aqueous Film-Forming Foam (AFFF) Applying Chemical AgentsApplying HalonApplying FE-241Section F: Firefighting EquipmentFire HoseSpanner WrenchWye-GateTri-GateVari-NozzleFire MonitorIn-Line ProportionerMechanical Foam NozzleDrop Pump and AFFFFire AxeCarbon Dioxide (CO2) ExtinguishersDry Chemical Extinguishers (PKP)Section G: Firefighting ProceduresCoast Guard’s Firefighting DutySafety PrecautionsOperationsActionSection H: Extinguishing FiresSafety RulesFire CombatFirefighting Procedures on Coast Guard BoatsFirefighting Procedures on Auxiliary BoatsFires Aboard Other BoatsFire Under ControlFire ExtinguishedAbandoning a BoatSection I: DewateringAction Before DewateringDewatering with an EductorDewatering Using a Drop PumpSection J: Righting Powerboats and SailboatsRighting PowerboatsRighting Small SailboatsRighting Large SailboatsSection K: Flood ControlPlugging HolesPatching HolesPatching CracksChapter 19: Air OperationsSection A: Helicopters and EquipmentHH-65A DolphinHH-60J JayhawkOther Helicopter EquipmentSection B: Helicopter Rescue OperationsRescue SwimmerHelicopter Hoisting OperationsHelicopter Boat PositioningDelivery of the Rescue DeviceHoistingSection C: Helicopter DitchingSection D: Helicopter Salvage and TowingSection E: Fixed-Wing AircraftAppendix 19-A: Sample Briefing to Pass to Vessel Prior to Helicopter HoistingAppendix AFictitious Nautical ChartVisual Buoyage GuideU.S. Aids to Navigation SystemU.S. Aids to Navigation System (Western Rivers)Appendix B: Heavy Weather AddendumSection A: Heavy Weather Wave and Surf CharacteristicsWaves in Heavy WeatherObserving and Measuring WavesSurf ZoneSection B: Heavy Weather Boat HandlingMotionsControl of EffectsExperienceBoat HandlingSection C: Heavy Weather PilotingPreparationEquipment ConditionSpecific TechniquesHeavy Weather Person in the Water RecoveryMan OverboardRecovery of a PIWUse of a Surface SwimmerMultiple PIWsSection E. Surf OperationsRisk Management and Safety ConditionsForces Affecting Boat Handling in SurfBasic Surf OperationsAcronyms and AbbreviationsGlossaryIndex