Christiaan Barnard

David Cooper was born in London and studied medicine at Guy’s Hospital Medical School, where he was influenced by the eminent heart surgeons, Lord (Russell) Brock and Donald Ross. After periods of teaching at Harvard Medical School in the USA and research at the National Heart Hospital in London, he combined his training in general surgery (under the transplant pioneer, Sir Roy Calne, in Cambridge) and cardiothoracic surgery (in London and Cambridge, under Sir Terence English) with teaching at Magdalene College, Cambridge, where he was a Fellow from 1972 to 1980. He was present at the first heart transplant in the UK in 1968, and a member of the surgical team that established heart transplantation in the UK in 1979. He then took up an appointment in Chris Barnard’s Department of Cardiac Surgery at the University of Cape Town, where he remained for more than seven years. In 1987 he joined Chris Barnard at Baptist Medical Center in Oklahoma City where he shared responsibility for patients undergoing heart transplantation and was Director of Research and Education at the Oklahoma Transplantation Institute. In 1996, he accepted a senior research position at the Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School in Boston where he explored the possibility of using pigs as sources of organs for transplantation into human patients, a topic he had investigated since his days in Cape Town. Between 2004 and 2016, he was a professor of surgery at the Thomas E. Starzl Transplantation Institute at the University of Pittsburgh where he continued this research. Currently, he is co-director of the xenotransplantation program at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. Cooper is the author or editor of several academic books on organ transplantation and co-author of more than 850 scientific and medical papers or chapters related to clinical heart transplantation or cross-species organ transplantation research. His previous books for the layperson include `Xeno’ (2000, co-authored with Robert Lanza) in which he outlined the potential of using pigs as sources of organs for clinical transplantation, `Open Heart’ (2010), the story of the surgeons who pioneered heart surgery, and `Doctors of Another Calling’ (2014, editor), which recounts the lives of physicians who are known best for their contributions outside of medicine. In `Chris Barnard, the Surgeon Who Dared’, David Cooper draws on his personal knowledge of Chris Barnard, with whom he remained friends until the latter’s death in 2001, and on his great experience in the field of heart transplantation, which involved him for 17 years.

Foreword: Sir Roy Calne; 1 The most unforgettable character; 2 Barefoot boy—childhood; 3 Learning his trade—medical school and junior doctor; 4 The New World—surgical training in Minneapolis; 5 Mentor and maverick—Walt Lillehei; 6 Proving himself—establishing heart surgery in Cape Town; 7 Prelude to the first heart transplant; 8 Studying kidney transplantation with David Hume in Virginia; 9 Life’s defining moment—the first human-to-human heart transplant; 10 The heart transplant heard around the world; 11 The controversy over Hamilton Naki; 12 The first survivor—Barnard’s second heart transplant; 13 Heart transplant fever; 14 Meeting of the minds—the first international conference; 15 The consequences of fame; 16 A way with words—Chris as a public speaker; 17 Fame over family; 18 Staying ahead of the pack—subsequent heart transplants in Cape Town; 19 Another innovation—the piggyback heart transplant; 20 Second wife, second life; 21 Insight and innovation—important advances in heart transplantation; 22 A price too high—personal tragedies; 23 Money matters—business opportunities; 24 New horizons—Oklahoma City; 25 Three strikes and you’re out (third marriage); 26 The media—make and break; 27 Putting pen to paper—a secondary career; 28 Was everything black or white? Chris’s opinions on apartheid; 29 The Nobel Prize—should Chris have received it?; 30 Old age and death; 31 Looking back; Appendix 1–Today–progress in alternative forms of heart replacement; Appendix 2–Chris Barnard–biographical outline, degrees, awards and honours; Appendix 3–Books written by Chris Barnard; Appendix 4–Select bibliography; Appendix 5–What happened to the other players in the heart transplant story?.