Biographical History of Endocrinology

Dr. Loriaux was born in Oklahoma and raised in Santa Fe New Mexico. He went to Colorado State University and spent two years in the CSU Veterinary school before transferring to Baylor College of Medicine as one of the first students in the Baylor MD/PhD program. He did his medical training at the Peter Bent Brigham hospital (nee Brigham and Women's hospital). He completed his endocrine training at the National Institutes of Health in Bethesda Maryland. He remained in Bethesda for 20 years, eventually becoming Chief of the Developmental Endocrinology branch, and Clinical Director of NICHD. In 1990, he moved to the Oregon Health and science University in Portland, first as head of the Endocrinology division, then as Chairman of the Department of Internal Medicine for 19 years. He is currently Chief of the Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Metabolism at OHSU. Dr Loriaux was president of the Endocrine Society in 1995.

Preface xxi Chapter 1 Diabetes and the Ebers Papyrus (1552 B.C.E.) 1 D. Lynn Loriaux Chapter 2 The Greek Myths and the First Physicians (1100 B.C.E.) 3 D. Lynn Loriaux Chapter 3 Kos and Alexandria (400 B.C.E. 400 C.E.) The First Human Anatomy 6 D. Lynn Loriaux Chapter 4 Hippocrates (400 B.C.E) Western Medicine Begins 11 D. Lynn Loriaux Chapter 5 Aristotle (384 322 B.C.E.) Experiments of Nature 17 D. Lynn Loriaux Chapter 6 Soranus of Ephesus (98 138 C.E.) Obstetrics and Gynecology 20 Leon Speroff Chapter 7 Aretaeus of Cappadocia (First and Second Centuries C.E.) 23 D. Lynn Loriaux Chapter 8 Galen (130 200) The First Human Anatomy 28 D. Lynn Loriaux Chapter 9 Avicenna (980 1037 C.E.) Preservation of Classical Medicine 32 D. Lynn Loriaux Chapter 10 Andreas Vesalius (1514 1564) The Renaissance in Medicine 36 D. Lynn Loriaux Chapter 11 Bartolomeo Eustachi (Eustachius) (1520 1574) The Adrenal Gland 39 D. Lynn Loriaux Chapter 12 Santorio Santorio (1561 1636) Insensible Loss 41 D. Lynn Loriaux Chapter 13 William Harvey (1578 1657) The First Great Experiment, De Motu Cordis 44 D. Lynn Loriaux Chapter 14 Thomas Wharton (1614 1673) Codifying the Glands 49 Clark T. Sawin Chapter 15 Marcello Malpighi (1628 1694) The Capillary 55 D. Lynn Loriaux Chapter 16 Richard Lower (1631 1691) The Pituitary Gland 58 D. Lynn Loriaux Chapter 17 Regnier de Graaf (1641 1673) The Graafian Follicle 61 D. Lynn Loriaux Chapter 18 Antonie van Leeuwenhoek (1632 1723) The First of the Great Microscopists 69 D. Lynn Loriaux Chapter 19 John Hunter (1728 1793) Embryology of the Hind 72 D. Lynn Loriaux Chapter 20 Caleb Hillier Parry (1755 1822) Thyrotoxicosis 77 Clark T. Sawin Chapter 21 Thomas Addison (1795 1860) Adrenal Insufficiency 82 D. Lynn Loriaux Chapter 22 Robert James Graves (1796 1853) Thyrotoxicosis 85 Clark T. Sawin Chapter 23 Armand Trousseau (1801 1867) Diabetes Insipidus 88 Clark T. Sawin Chapter 24 Arnold Adolph Berthold (1803 1861) Transplantation of Testes 91 Clark T. Sawin Chapter 25 Claude Bernard (1813 1878) The Discovery of Homeostasis and Internal Secretion 97 D. Lynn Loriaux Chapter 26 Adolphe Chatin (1813 1901) Iodine in the Prevention of Goiter 100 Clark T. Sawin Chapter 27 Sir James Paget (1814 1899) Osteitis Deformans 105 Clark T. Sawin Chapter 28 Sir William Gull (1816 1890) Adult Cretinism and Jack the Ripper 114 Clark T. Sawin Chapter 29 Charles ]Edouard Brown ]Sequard (1817 1894) Glandular Extract Therapy 123 Clark T. Sawin Chapter 30 Franz Leydig (1821 1908) Testosterone Secreting Cells 126 D. Lynn Loriaux Chapter 31 Adolf Kussmaul (1822 1902) Ketoacidosis 128 D. Lynn Loriaux Chapter 32 Jean ]Martin Charcot (1825 1893) Exophthalmic Goiter 130 Clark T. Sawin Chapter 33 Jean Baptiste Boussingault (1802 1887) Iodine and the Goiter 135 Clark T. Sawin Chapter 34 Bernhard Naunyn (1839 1925) Dietary Treatment of Diabetes 140 D. Lynn Loriaux Chapter 35 Enrico Sertoli (1842 1910) Gametes and the Testes 143 D. Lynn Loriaux Chapter 36 William Osler (1849 1919) Treatment of Addison s Disease 145 D. Lynn Loriaux Chapter 37 Emil Fischer (1852 1919) The Stereochemical Nature of Sugars 150 James Magner Chapter 38 William Stewart Halsted (1852 1922) Surgery of the Thyroid Gland 153 Clark T. Sawin Chapter 39 Charles Eucharist de Medicis Sajous (1852 1929) The First President of the Endocrine Society 160 Clark T. Sawin Chapter 40 Pierre Marie (1853 1940) Acromegaly 165 D. Lynn Loriaux Chapter 41 Victor Horsley (1857 1916) Treating Myxedema with Thyroid Extract 167 Clark T. Sawin Chapter 42 Archibald Edward Garrod (1857 1936) Orchronosis and Human Genetics 170 D. Lynn Loriaux Chapter 43 John J. Abel (1857 1938) Isolation of Hormones 174 Clark T. Sawin Chapter 44 Oskar Minkowski (1858 1931) Diabetes and the Pancreas 182 D. Lynn Loriaux Chapter 45 Frederick Gowland Hopkins (1861 1947) Vitamin(e)s and Biochemistry 184 Clark T. Sawin Chapter 46 George R. Murray (1865 1939) Treatment of Hypothyroidism 191 Clark T. Sawin Chapter 47 William Bayliss and Ernest Starling (1860 1924) (1866 1927) Molecular Messengers 195 Clark T. Sawin Chapter 48 Harvey Williams Cushing (1869 1939) Pituitary Basophilism 202 D. Lynn Loriaux Chapter 49 Leo Loeb and Max Aron (1869 1959) (1892 1974) Thyrotropin 207 Clark T. Sawin Chapter 50 W.G. MacCallum (1874 1944) Tetany and the Parathyroid Gland 212 Clark T. Sawin Chapter 51 Moses Barron (1883 1974) Pancreatic Duct Stone 216 D. Lynn Loriaux Chapter 52 Frederick Grant Banting (1891 1941) The Discovery of Insulin 220 D. Lynn Loriaux Chapter 53 James Bertram Collip (1893 1965) Isolation of Insulin 225 D. Lynn Loriaux Chapter 54 Frederick Madison Allen (1879 1964) The Diabetic Diet 229 D. Lynn Loriaux Chapter 55 Elliott Proctor Joslin (1869 1962) Insulin and the Treatment of Diabetes 231 D. Lynn Loriaux Chapter 56 J.J.R. Macleod (1876 1935) Discovery of Insulin 234 Michael Bliss Chapter 57 Frederick L. Hisaw (1891 1972) Relaxin 245 Clark T. Sawin and Harry K. Ziel Chapter 58 Henry S. Plummer (1874 1936) Toxic Nodular Thyroid Gland 251 Clark T. Sawin Chapter 59 Henry H. Dale (1875 1968) Catecholamines 256 Clark T. Sawin Chapter 60 Robert McCarrison (1878 1960) Iodine Deficiency and Goiter 264 Clark T. Sawin Chapter 61 Hakaru Hashimoto (1881 1934) His Disease 269 Clark T. Sawin Chapter 62 Eugene F. DuBois (1882 1959) Basal Metabolism and the Thyroid 274 Clark T. Sawin Chapter 63 Herbert McLean Evans (1882 1971) Pituitary Hormones 279 Clark T. Sawin Chapter 64 Philip E. Smith (1884 1970) Trophic Hormones of the Pituitary 284 Clark T. Sawin Chapter 65 Edward C. Kendall (1886 1972) Structures of Cortisol and Thyroxin 288 Clark T. Sawin Chapter 66 David Marine (1880 1976) Iodine and Goiter 292 Clark T. Sawin Chapter 67 George Washington Corner (1889 1981) Progesterone 297 D. Lynn Loriaux Chapter 68 Henry H. Turner (1892 1970) Gonadal Dysgenesis 302 Ron Rosenfeld Chapter 69 Ernest Basil Verney (1894 1967) Vasopressin is a Hormone 306 Clark T. Sawin Chapter 70 Gerty and Carl Cori (1896 1957) (1896 1984) Glucose Metabolism and Lactic Acid 311 Clark T. Sawin Chapter 71 Charles Robert Harington (1897 1972) Synthesis of Thyroxine 316 Clark T. Sawin Chapter 72 Dorothy Price and Carl Moore (1899 1980) (1892 1955) Regulation of Gonadal Hormone Secretion 320 Clark T. Sawin Chapter 73 Fuller Albright (1900 1969) Uncharted Seas 325 D. Lynn Loriaux Chapter 74 Charles Brenton Huggins (1901 1997) Androgen Ablation Therapy for Prostate Cancer 331 D. Lynn Loriaux Chapter 75 Vincent du Vigneaud (1901 1978) Antidiuretic Hormone 333 D. Lynn Loriaux Chapter 76 Russell Earl Marker (1902 1995) The Mexican Yam 335 D. Lynn Loriaux Chapter 77 Gregory Goodwin Pincus (1903 1967) The Birth Control Pill 338 Leon Speroff Chapter 78 G.F. Marrian (1904 1981) Isolation of Estrogens 344 Clark T. Sawin Chapter 79 Berta and Ernst Scharrer (1906 1995) (1905 1965) Concept of Neurosecretion 348 Clark T. Sawin Chapter 80 Ulf Svante von Euler (1905 1983) Neurosecretion of Norepinephrine 354 Clark T. Sawin Chapter 81 Saul Hertz (1905 1950) Radioactive Iodine and the Treatment of Graves Disease 360 D. Lynn Loriaux Chapter 82 George Widmer Thorn (1906 2004) The Treatment of Addison s Disease 364 D. Lynn Loriaux Chapter 83 Hans Hugo Bruno Selye (1907 1982) Stress and the Endocrine System 368 D. Lynn Loriaux Chapter 84 Jerome W. Conn (1907 1994) Adrenal Mediated High Blood Pressure 371 D. Lynn Loriaux Chapter 85 Frank G. Young (1908 1988) The Pituitary Gland and Diabetes Mellitus 373 Clark T. Sawin Chapter 86 Edwin B. Astwood (1909 1976) Radioiodine Treatment for Thyrotoxicosis 379 Clark T. Sawin Chapter 87 Roy Hertz (1909 2002) Cure of Choriocarcinoma 384 D. Lynn Loriaux Chapter 88 Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin (1910 1994) The Structure of Insulin 387 D. Lynn Loriaux Chapter 89 Harry F. Klinefelter (1912 1990) Genetic Hypogonadism 390 D. Lynn Loriaux Chapter 90 Julius Axelrod (1912 2004) Epinephrine Synthesis, Secretion, and Reuptake 393 Clark T. Sawin Chapter 91 Geoffrey W. Harris (1913 1967) The Brain s Control of the Pituitary Gland 399 Clark T. Sawin Chapter 92 Frederic C. Bartter (1914 1983) Disorders of The Pump 406 Clark T. Sawin Chapter 93 Earl W. Sutherland (1915 1974) Discovery of Cyclic AMP 411 Clark T. Sawin Chapter 94 Maurice S. Raben (1915 1977) The Treatment of Growth Hormone Deficiency 418 Clark T. Sawin Chapter 95 Alfred Jost (1916 1991) Sexual Ambiguity 424 D. Lynn Loriaux Chapter 96 Robert Burns Woodward (1917 1979) Synthesis of Cholesterol 426 D. Lynn Loriaux Chapter 97 Sylvia Agnes Sophia Tait (1917 2003) Steroid Metabolism 428 D. Lynn Loriaux Chapter 98 Solomon Berson (1918 1972) Radioimmunoassay 430 D. Lynn Loriaux Chapter 99 Rosalyn Sussman Yalow (1921 2011) Radioimmunoassay 433 D. Lynn Loriaux Chapter 100 Mort Lipsett (1921 1984) The Syndromes of Adrenal Insufficiency 436 D. Lynn Loriaux Chapter 101 Griff Terry Ross (1921 1985) The Subunit of hCG 439 D. Lynn Loriaux Chapter 102 Grant Liddle (1921 1989) Differential Diagnosis of Cushing s Syndrome 442 D. Lynn Loriaux Chapter 103 Monte Arnold Greer (1922 2002) Thyroid Nodules 444 Clark T. Sawin Chapter 104 Jacob Robbins (1923 2008) Radiation ]Induced Thyroid Cancer 452 D. Lynn Loriaux Chapter 105 Donald S. Fredrickson (1924 2002) Lipid Dyscrasiasis 455 D. Lynn Loriaux Chapter 106 John Doppman (1928 2000) Interventional Radiology 458 D. Lynn Loriaux Chapter 107 Gerald Aurbach (1927 1991) Parathormone 461 D. Lynn Loriaux Chapter 108 Roger Guillemin and Andrew Schally (1924 ) (1926 ) The Hypothalamic ]Releasing Hormones 464 D. Lynn Loriaux Criticism 469 Index 471