German Sports, Doping, and Politics (eBook)

Michael Krüger is professor of Physical Education and Sports History at the University of Muenster in Germany. He is council member of the International Society for the History of Physical Education and Sport (ISHPES).Christian Becker is a sports historian and publisher in Hildesheim, Germany.Stefan Nielsen is a historian and editor in Muenster, Germany.

Introduction – Basics and Problem DefinitionThe Role of Doping in the Relationship between Politics, Sporting Policies, and Sports Methodological Basics: Sources and DocumentsState of the ArtScientific Debate on Doping and Public MoralizationProblems of Empirical Evaluation and Proving DopingI. From Common Practice to Prohibition – the Beginnings of Doping and Anti-Doping in German Sport of the 1950s and 1960sIntroductionSport in the Federal Republic of Germany after the Second World WarStructures and Self-Perceptions of the German Federal Sports OrganizationsSports PolicyPhysical Health as a Common Objective – a Legitimation for State SponsoringCompetitive Sports and National Representation: The Delayed Start – Germany in the Context of International Sports DevelopmentThe “Medicalization” of Society and Sport and other Doping and Anti-Doping IssuesSpread and Development of Anti-Doping in the 1950s and 1960sSelf-Concept and Functions of German Sports MedicineAnti-Doping Policies in the 1950s and 1960sDoping Rules of Some Sports FederationsThe Role of State and Government in Anti-Doping PoliciesDoping During the 1950s and 1960s – Intermediate ResultsII. Cold War and the Climax of Doping in Germany – From the Munich Olympics of 1972 via Montreal 1976 to the Introduction of Out-of-Competition Controls in the 1980sIntroductionThe 1972 Olympic Games of Munich and Their Importance for the Development of Doping and Anti-Doping in GermanyAnti-doping Politics of the IOC in the 1970sSport Politics, Doping and Anti-Doping in West GermanyInterim ResultsDoping and Anti-Doping up to the Olympic Games of Montreal in 1976Problems in Preventing Anabolic Steroids in SportAnabolic Steroids, their Prevalence in Top Level Sport and Doping ControlsThe Doping Games of Montreal 1976: “Kolbe Injection” and “Air Clyster Scandal” – and their Political ConsequencesPolitical Contextualization of Doping and Anti-Doping in the 1970s and 1980sGerman Secret Services on DopingDoping and West German Sports MedicineAdaptation by West German Sport OrganizationsConsequences of State and Sport Policies – the “Grundsatzerklärung für den Spitzensport” of 1977Doping Enhancement in West German SportDoping and Anti-Doping Policies between 1977 and 1989The Case of Birgit DresselPreventive ControlsAnti-Doping: Some Facts and ProblemsA Doubtful Research Project: The Study of Rejuvenation/ Regeneration by Means of TestosteroneIntroduction of Out-of-Competition ControlsInterim Results - Changes to Doping and Anti-Doping Policies during the 1970s and 1980sIII. Doping and Anti-Doping in the Process of German ReunificationState and Sport, Doping and Anti-Doping in West Germany before 1990Revelations of Doping by the German Media after UnificationResponses from Sport and PoliticsThe Parliament Veto: Budget Cut in 1991/92European and International PerspectivesThe Case of Dieter Baumann – a Blow in the Fight against DopingInterim Results: Reunification, Rehabilitation and New BeginningsInternational Strategies of Anti-Doping – Germany on the Path to the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA)The Establishment of an International Political Anti-Doping RegimeFrom Lausanne to the WADAWADA as the New Center of the International Fight against DopingEffects of the International Anti-Doping Movement on German Anti-Doping Policies: From the Anti-Doping Commission of the German Sport Federation (DSB) to the National Anti-Doping Agency (NADA)German Anti-Doping Crisis of 2007The Debate on an Anti-Doping LawInterim Results: Doping in the Context of Sport, State and SocietyConclusionThe German Story of Doping – a Relevant Element of the Overall Sports ProcessExplanations for the Doping and Anti-Doping ProcessRelevance of the Cold WarChanges of the Relationship between State and SportBibliographyChronologyList of abbreviationsIndexAbout the Authors