Dan Shen (Salvia miltiorrhiza) in Medicine (eBook)

Editor Xijun Yan is the President of Tianjin Tasly Group and a Member of the TCM Standardization Technical Committee.

Foreword 5
Preface to Dan Shen (Salvia miltiorrhiza)in Medicine 14
Editing Committee 16
Contents 21
About the Chief Editor 29
Introduction by Chief Editor 30
1 Application in Medicine Systems 38
1.1 Diseases of Circulation System 38
1.1.1 Coronary Heart Diseaseand Angina Pectoris 38
1.1.2 Acute Myocardial Infarction 42
1.1.3 Old Myocardial Infarctionand Premature Ventricular Beats 42
1.1.4 Congestive Heart Failure 43
1.1.5 Restenosis Post PercutaneousTransluminal CoronaryAngioplasty (PTCA) 44
1.1.6 Dilated Cardiomyopathy 44
1.1.7 Idiopathic Sick Sinus Syndrome 45
1.1.8 Protecting Effect on MyocardialIschemia Reperfusion AfterOpen Heart Surgery 46
1.2 Nervous System Disease 46
1.2.1 Cerebral Hemorrhage 46
1.2.2 Cerebral Infarction 47
1.2.3 Subarachnoid Hemorrhage 48
1.2.4 Trigeminal Neuralgia 49
1.2.5 Facial Neuritis 49
1.2.6 Migraine 50
1.2.7 Functional Insomnia 50
1.2.8 Meniere’s Disease 51
1.2.9 Polyneuritis 51
1.2.10 Dizziness 51
1.2.11 Pulmonary Encephalopathy 52
1.2.12 Craniocerebral Injury 52
1.3 Respiratory System Disease 52
1.3.1 Chronic Bronchitis 52
1.3.2 Bronchial Asthma 53
1.3.3 Pulmonary Heart Disease 54
1.4 Diseases of the DigestiveSystem 55
1.4.1 Virus Hepatitis 55
1.4.2 Cirrhosis 56
1.4.3 Peptic Ulcer 57
1.4.4 Chronic Gastritis 58
1.4.5 Severe Pancreatitis 59
1.4.6 Ulcerative Colitis 59
1.5 Urinary System Diseases 60
1.5.1 Acute Nephritis 60
1.5.2 Chronic Glomerulonephritis 60
1.5.3 Chronic Renal Failure 61
1.5.4 Acute Renal Failure 61
1.5.5 Primary Nephrotic Syndrome 62
1.5.6 Purpura Nephritis 62
1.5.7 Diabetic Nephropathy 62
1.5.8 Lupus Nephritis 64
1.5.9 Chronic Allograft Nephropathy 64
1.5.10 Hypertensive Renal Damage 64
1.5.11 Prostatic Hyperplasia 64
1.5.12 Chronic Prostatitis 65
1.5.13 Impotency 65
1.6 Diabetes 65
1.6.1 Diabetic Gastropathy 66
1.6.2 Diabetic Peripheral Neuropathy 66
1.7 Effects on Hemorheology 67
References 68
2 Application in Surgical Systems 70
2.1 Surgical System Diseases 70
2.1.1 Thromboangiitis Obliterans 70
2.1.2 Varicose Veins Complications 70
2.1.3 Hepatic Veno-Occlusive 71
2.1.4 Adhesive Intestinal Obstruction 71
2.1.5 Traumatic SubarachnoidHemorrhage (t-SAH 71
2.1.6 Craniocerebral Injury 71
2.1.7 Aphasia After TraumaticCraniocerebral Injury 71
2.1.8 Secondary Epilepsy 72
2.1.9 Skin Flap Necrosis After BreastCancer Surgery 72
2.1.10 Postkidney Transplantation 72
2.1.11 Kidney and Ureter Stone Cramps 72
2.1.12 Cervical Lymphadenitis 73
2.1.13 Acute Mastitis 73
2.1.14 Bartholin’s Cyst 73
2.1.15 Anal Fissure 73
2.1.16 Hemorrhoids 74
2.2 Skin Diseases 74
2.2.1 Lupus Erythematosus 74
2.2.2 Scleroderma 75
2.2.3 Dermatomyositis 75
2.2.4 Sjogren’s Syndrome 75
2.2.5 Infectious Diseases 75
2.2.6 Alopecia Areata 75
2.2.7 Acne 76
2.2.8 Burns and Scalds 77
2.2.9 Infected Wounds 77
2.2.10 Stasis Eczema 77
2.2.11 Keloids 78
2.2.12 Verruca Planae 78
2.2.13 Psoriasis 78
2.2.14 Herpes Zoster 79
2.2.15 Scrotal Eczema 79
2.2.16 Progenital Hypopigmentation 79
2.2.17 Pigmentary Purpuric Dermatosis 80
References 80
3 Application in Orthopedics and Traumatology 82
3.1 Acute or Chronic Soft TissueInjury 82
3.2 Periarthritis of the Shoulder 82
3.3 Bone Fracture 83
3.4 Acute Osteomyelitis 83
3.5 Lumbocrural Pain 83
3.6 Cervical Spondylosis 83
3.7 Sciatica 84
3.8 Lumbar Intervertebral DiscProtrusion 85
3.9 Piriformis Syndrome 85
3.10 Acute Muscle Damage Aroundthe Scapula 85
3.11 Lumbar Transverse ProcessSyndrome 86
References 86
4 Application in Pediatrics 87
4.1 Pneumonia 87
4.2 Viral Hepatitis 88
4.3 Viral Myocarditis 88
4.4 Protection of AsphyxiaNeonatal Myocardium 89
4.5 Kawasaki Disease 89
4.6 Neonatal Scleredema 90
4.7 Acute Nephritis 90
4.8 IGA Nephritis 91
4.9 Nephrotic Syndrome 91
4.10 Purpura Nephritis 92
4.11 Neonatal UnconjugatedHyperbilirubinemia 92
4.12 Newborn Diseases 92
4.13 Neonatal Hypoxic-IschemicEncephalopathy 93
4.14 Viral Encephalitis 93
4.15 Infant Diarrhea in Autumnand Winter 93
4.16 Allergic Purpura 94
4.17 Recurrent Aphtha 94
4.18 Viral Enteritis 95
4.19 Congenital Hydrocephalus 95
4.20 Toxic Intestinal Paralysis 95
References 96
5 Application in Gynecology 97
5.1 Intrauterine GrowthRetardation 97
5.2 Ovarian HyperstimulationSyndrome 98
5.3 Chronic Dystrophy of Vulva 99
5.4 Chronic Salpingitis 100
5.5 Salpingitis Infertility 101
5.6 Pregnancy-InducedHypertension Syndrome 102
5.7 Threatened Preterm Labor 103
5.8 Endometriosis 104
5.9 Oligohydramnios 105
5.10 Primary Dysmenorrhea 106
5.11 Chronic Pelvic InflammatoryDisease 107
5.12 Menopausal Syndrome 108
References 109
6 Application in Ophthalmology and Otorhinolaryngology 110
6.1 Ophthalmology Diseases 110
6.1.1 Retinal Hemorrhage 110
6.1.2 Retinal Arterial and VeinObstruction 111
6.1.3 Glaucoma 112
6.1.4 Optic Neuropathy 112
6.1.5 Central SerousChorioretinopathy 112
6.1.6 Diabetic Retinopathy 112
6.1.7 Corneal Injury 112
6.1.8 Dacryocystisis 113
6.1.9 Acute Retinal Necrosis 113
6.1.10 Traumatic Vitreous Opacities 113
6.2 Otorhinolaryngology Diseases 113
6.2.1 Chronic Rhinitis 113
6.2.2 Allergic Rhinitis 113
6.2.3 Sudden Deafness 114
6.3 Stomatology Diseases 114
6.3.1 Recurrent Aphtha 114
6.3.2 Atrophic Pharyngitis 115
6.3.3 Abnormal Sensation of Throat 115
6.3.4 Epidemic Parotitis 115
References 116
7Application in Other Diseases 117
7.1 Malignant Tumor 117
7.1.1 Lung Cancer 117
7.1.2 Leukemia 117
7.1.3 Liver Cancer 118
7.1.4 Renal Damage AfterGynecological Chemotherapy 118
7.1.5 Gastric Cancer After Operation 118
7.1.6 Pancreatic Cancer 118
7.1.7 Esophageal Cancer and CardiaAfter Radical Operation 119
7.1.8 Malignant Lymphoma 119
7.1.9 Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma 119
7.2 Poisoning 120
7.3 Infectious Diseases 120
7.3.1 Epidemic Hemorrhagic Fever 120
7.3.2 Schistosomiasis 121
7.3.3 Pulmonary Tuberculosis 121
7.3.4 Tuberculous Exudative Pleurisy 121
7.3.5 Tuberculous ExudativePeritonitis 122
7.3.6 Tuberculous MeningitisHydrocephalus 122
References 122
8 Precautions, Side-Effects and Adverse Reactions 124
8.1 Precautions 124
8.2 Side-Effects and AdverseReactions 124
8.2.1 Itchy Skin 124
8.2.2 Urticaria 125
8.2.3 Drug Eruption 125
8.2.4 Dermatitis Medicamentosa 125
8.2.5 Hyperpyrexia and AbdominalPain 125
8.2.6 Anaphylactic Shock 125
8.2.7 Allergic Asthma 126
8.2.8 Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome 126
8.2.9 Jaundice 126
8.2.10 Tachycardia 126
8.2.11 Muscle Tremors 127
8.2.12 Sublingual Edema 127
8.3 Editor’s Note 128
References 128
9 Overview of Dantonic™ 129
9.1 Introduction 129
10 Therapeutic Effects of Dantonic™ on Coronary Heart Disease 132
10.1 Dantonic™ in Treatmentof Angina Pectoris 132
10.1.1 Effect of Dantonic™on Alleviating Angina,Improving SubjectiveSymptoms, and ReducingNitroglycerin Administration 132
10.1.2 Effect of Dantonic™on Electrocardiogram 137
10.1.3 Comparison of Dantonic™with Isosorbide Dinitrate 138
10.1.3.1 Functional Comparison 139
10.1.3.2 Meta-analysis 140
10.1.4 Comparison of Dantonic™with the CDT 144
10.2 Treatment of Unstable AnginaPectoris with Dantonic™ 148
10.2.1 Unstable Angina Pectoris 148
10.2.2 Systemic Assessmentof Randomized Trials of TreatingUAP with Dantonic™as an Adjuvant Therapy(Meta-analysis) 153
10.2.2.1 Method 153
10.2.2.2 Results 154
10.3 Treatment for SilentMyocardial Ischemia (SMI)with Dantonic™ 154
10.4 The Effect of Dantonic™on Arrhythmia in Patientswith Angina Pectoris 158
10.5 The Effect of Dantonic™on the Left Ventricle 161
10.6 Dantonic™ and InterventionalCardiac Surgery 164
10.7 Combination of Dantonic™with Other Drugs for CHD 168
10.8 The Effect of Dantonic™on the Prognosis of CHDand the Life Quality of CHDPatients 175
10.9 The Effect of Dantonic™on Hypertension with CHD 178
References 180
11 The Therapeutic Effect of Dantonic™ on High Risk Factors of Coronary HeartDisease 184
11.1 The Stabilizing Effectof Dantonic™on Atherosclerotic Plaques 184
11.1.1 General Introduction 184
11.1.1.1 Atherosclerotic Plaqueand Coronary Heart Disease 184
11.1.1.2 The Importance of Lipoproteins 185
11.1.1.3 New Development 185
11.1.1.4 Plaque Rupture 186
11.1.1.5 The Structure of ASP 187
11.1.2 Stenosis and Rupture Causedby Atherosclerotic Plaques 188
11.1.3 The Animal Trials of Dantonic™on ASP 189
11.1.4 Effect of Dantonic™on Stabilizing and DecreasingASP: Clinical Studies 191
11.1.5 Summary 196
11.2 The Antiplatelet ActivationEffect of Dantonic™ 196
11.2.1 The Experimental Studiesof the Effect of Dantonic™on Platelet Aggregation 197
11.2.2 The Clinical Studies of the Effectof Dantonic™ on PlateletAggregation 198
11.2.2.1 Antiplatelet Aggregation Effectin CHD Patients 198
11.2.2.2 Antiplatelet Aggregation Effectin Non-CHD Patients 200
11.2.2.3 The Effect of Dantonic™on GMP-140 201
11.2.3 The Effect of Dantonic™on Aspirin Resistance 204
11.2.3.1 Introduction to AspirinResistance 204
11.2.3.2 Identification and Classificationof Aspirin Resistance 207
11.2.3.3 A Trial 208
11.2.3.4 The Possible Mechanism of AR 210
11.2.3.5 AR or Secondary AR Causedby Drug Interactions 212
11.2.4 The Mechanism for the Effectsof Antiplatelet Activationand Aggregation by Dantonic™ 214
11.3 The Effect of Dantonic™on Endothelial DysfunctionCorrection 215
11.3.1 Dysfunction of VascularEndothelium 215
11.3.2 Dantonic™ and Endothelin 216
11.4 The Effect of Dantonic™on the Metabolic Syndrome 219
11.5 The Effect of Dantonic™on Hemorheology 220
11.6 The Effect of Dantonic™on MicrocirculationDisturbance 221
11.7 The Regulatory Effectof Dantonic™ on AutonomicDysfunction 223
11.8 The Protective Effecton Myocardial Cells 227
11.8.1 Effect of Dantonic™on the Myocardial EnergySystem 227
11.8.2 Effect of Dantonic™on Myocardial IschemicPreconditioning 228
11.8.3 Inhibition of Myocardium CellApoptosis by Dantonic™ 229
11.8.4 Calcium-Antagonistic Effectof Dantonic™ 231
References 232
12 The Effect of Dantonic™ on Diabetes and Its Serious Complications 234
12.1 Diabetic Retinopathy 235
12.2 Effect of Dantonic™ on DR 236
12.2.1 Effect of Dantonic™on Improving Visual Acuityand Mean Defect 236
12.2.2 The Effect of Dantonic™on the Fundus Lesions in DRPatients 240
12.3 The Effect of Dantonic™ on DN 241
References 243
13 Effect of Dantonic™ on Prevention of High Altitude MyocardialHypoxidosis 244
References 248
14 The Mechanism of Dantonic™ in Treating Coronary Heart Disease 249
14.1 Historic Review and Highlightsof Dantonic™ in TreatingCoronary Heart Diseases 249
14.2 Revelation of Dantonic™Mechanism Discussion 251
15 Toxicity and Side Effects of Dantonic™ 253
References 254
16 Effect of Dantonic2122 on the Treatment of Other Diseases 255
References 268
17 Ancient and Modern Literature Research on Danshen Prescriptions 271
17.1 Research Method 271
17.1.1 Data Collection 271
17.1.1.1 Range of Collection 271
17.1.1.2 Criteria of Collection 271
17.1.2 Results 271
17.1.2.1 The Tang Dynasty and Before(Before 907 AD 272
17.1.2.2 The Song and Jin Dynasties(960–1234 AD) 273
17.1.2.3 The Yuan and Ming Dynasties(1271–1644 AD) 274
17.1.2.4 The Qing Dynasty (1644–1911AD) 274
17.1.2.5 Modern Era (After 1911 274
17.2 The Historical Evolutionof the Name, Processing,and Compatibility of Danshen 274
17.2.1 Name 274
17.2.2 Processing 280
17.2.3 Number of Ingredientsin the Prescriptions 280
17.2.4 Preparations 281
17.2.5 Medicinal Herbs Used Togetherwith Danshen 281
17.2.5.1 The Tang Dynasty and Before 281
17.2.5.2 The Song and Jin Dynasties 283
17.2.5.3 The Yuan and Ming Dynasties 285
17.2.5.4 The Qing Dynasty 286
17.2.5.5 Modern Times 288
17.2.5.6 Modern Chinese PatentMedicines 292
17.2.5.7 Summary of Danshen-Containing Drugs 294
17.3 Indications 296
17.3.1 The Tang Dynasty and Before 296
17.3.2 The Song and Jin Dynasties 297
17.3.3 The Yuan and Ming Dynasties 297
17.3.4 The Qing Dynasty 297
17.3.5 Modern Times 298
17.3.6 Modern Chinese PatentMedicines 302
17.3.7 Summary 302
17.4 Reflection on the DanshenPrescriptions of the Past 306
References 308
Index 323