Organization and Practice in Tuberculosis Bacteriology (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Organization and Practice in Tuberculosis Bacteriology 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 8
Preface 6
Chapter 1. Introduction: mycobacteria and mycobacterial disease 12
Tuberculosis 14
Leprosy 16
Other mycobacterioses in man 16
Chapter 2. The role and scope of the tuberculosis laboratory in human and veterinary medicine and epidemiology 18
Chapter 3. The organization of tuberculosis laboratory services 21
Grades of laboratories 22
USA 23
Design of the tuberculosis laboratory 24
Equipment 29
Training and motivation of staff 30
Proficiency testing 34
Prevention of laboratory-acquired tuberculosis 35
Medical supervision 40
Disposal of infected material 40
Chapter 4. Collection, preservation and transport of specimens 42
Sputum 42
Collection 42
Urines 43
Aspirated fluids and pus 44
Tissues 44
Milk samples 44
Water samples 45
Identifying specimens 45
Chapter 5. Examination of direct smears 47
Preparation of specimens 47
Staining 51
Quantitative microscopy 53
Positive smears – negative cultures 53
Chapter 6. Cultural methods 55
Decontamination of specimens 56
Culture media 59
Inoculation of culture media 60
Examination of cultures 60
Radiometric method for TB culture 64
Negative cultures from positive direct smear specimens 65
Chapter 7. Taxonomic principles – the basis of identification 66
Chapter 8. Identification of species and variants of tubercle bacilli 70
Nomenclature 70
Identification 72
Identification of variants of M. tuberculosis and BCG 74
Variants and species of tubercle bacilli 76
BCG 77
Chapter 9. Identification of 'other mycobacteria' 78
Terminology 78
Cultural and biochemical tests 80
Additional biochemical tests 85
Additional reference techniques 87
Mycobacterium avium 89
'Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare-scrofulaceum' (MAIS) 89
Mycobacterium chelonei 89
Mycobacterium flavescens 90
Mycobacterium fortuitum 90
Mycobacterium gastri 91
Mycobacterium gordonae 91
Mycobacterium haemophilum 91
Mycobacterium intracellulare 92
Mycobacterium phlei 94
Mycobacterium xenopi 96
Chapter 10. Drug sensitivity tests 98
The theory of drug resistance and treatment regimens 98
Principles of treatment regimens 99
Development of modern treatment regimens 99
Problems faced in the therapy of tuberculosis 100
The role of sensitivity testing 101
Methods for sensitivity tests 102
Chapter 11. Animal inoculation and assay tests 109
Animal inoculation tests 109
Assay of antimicrobial agents in serum and their detection in urine 110
Chapter 12. Leprosy 112
Technical procedures 113
The skin 113
The nose 114
Biopsies 114
Appendix: Stains, culture media and other materials 115
References 122
Index 132