Monkeys as Perceivers (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Internal Migration: A Comparative Perspective 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 6
LIST OF CONTRIBUTORS 10
PREFACE 14
CHAPTER 1. Comparative Analysis of Internal Migration: 
16 
I. Migration and Development: Interactions 17
II. Methodology: Models, Measurement, and Theoretical Reflections 18
III. The Effect of Migration on Regions and Individuals 18
IV. Selected Case Studies 20
V. Migration: Disciplinary and Systemic Comparisons 22
PART I: 
 
24 
CHAPTER 2. 
 
26 
I. Overview 26
II. Migration in History 29
III. Objectives of Migration 32
IV. Freedom to Locate 36
V. Population and Employment: Distribution in Space 38
VI. Amenities 41
VII. Conclusion 44
References 45
CHAPTER 3. 
 
52 
I. Comparative Static Analysis 53
II. Elements of Time 70
III. Closing Remarks 74
References 74
CHAPTER 4. 
 
76 
I. Introduction 76
II. Determinants of Migration 77
III. Individual Outcomes of Migration 80
IV. Effects of Migration on Places 84
V. Summary 85
References 86
PART II: 
 
88 
CHAPTER 5. 
 
 
90 
I. An Overview of One Model of Interregional Demographic Accounts and Its Uses 91
II. Opportunity and Competition in a Migratory System 94
III. Appendix: A Parsing of the General Flow Relation 102
Acknowledgment 103
References 103
CHAPTER 6. 
 
106 
I. Models of Regional Migration Flows 106
II. A Demonstration for the Los Angeles Metropolitan Area 109
III. Concluding Remarks 115
References 116
CHAPTER 7. 
 
118 
I. Introduction 118
II. Information on Migration 119
III. Census Information for Measuring Migration 120
IV. Migration Estimates Based on Information on Place of Enumeration by Place of Birth 124
V. Migration Estimates Based on Information on Place of Enumerationby Place of Residence m Years prior to the Census Date 127
VI. Comparison of Different Procedures 129
VII. Conclusions 132
References 133
CHAPTER 8. Measurement of Internal Migration from Census Data 136
I. Introduction 136
II. Measurement of Migration 138
III. Characteristics of Migrants 142
IV. Analytical Studies on the Determinants and Consequencesof Internal Migration 145
V. Conclusions 147
References 149
CHAPTER 9. 
 
150 
I. Data on Measures of Migration 151
II. Models 154
References 158
PART III: 
 
160 
CHAPTER 10. 
 
162 
I. The Size and Pattern of Rural Outmigration 163
II. The Cause of Outmigration from Rural Areas 165
III. The Effect of Outmigration on Population Growth 168
IV. Rural Depopulation and the Age Structure 173
V. Outmigration and Sex Composition 174
VI. The Economic and Social Consequences of Outmigration 176
VII. Conclusion: The Misplaced Fear of Rural Depopulation 180
References 181
CHAPTER 11. A Migrants-Eye View of the Costs and Benefits of Migration to a Metropolis 182
I. A Rational-Behavioral Approach to Migration Study 182
II. A Rough Quantification of the Model 185
III. Some Detailed Relationships 192
IV. Implications 196
CHAPTER 12. On the Microeconomicsof Internal Migration 198
I. Introduction 198
II. The Migrant and the Non-Migrant 199
III. A Calculus of Rational Migration Choice 200
IV. Benefits from Migration: New versus Old Job Prospects: Risk, Search, and Job Markets 202
V. Benefits from Migration: New versus Old Job Prospects: Lifetime Earnings, Wage Rates, and Unemployment 206
VI. Benefits from Migration: Nonjob Benefits 209
VII. Migration Costs 213
VI. Migration Choice: Information 217
VII. Migration Choice: Choice among Alternatives 219
References 220
PART IV: 
222 
SECTION A: Migration in the West 222
CHAPTER 13. 
 
224 
I. Some Economic Aspects of Internal Migration 227
II . The Income-Transport Cost Dynamic 234
III. The Neighborhood Preference Dynamic 240
IV. Conclusions 245
Acknowledgments 248
References 248
CHAPTER 14. 
 
 
 
250 
I. Introduction 250
II. Growth in San Jose 252
III. Decline in the City of St. Louis 258
IV. Summary and Conclusions 267
Acknowledgments 269
References 269
CHAPTER 15. 
 
270 
I. Introduction 270
II. Optimum Population: Regulation and 
270 
III. The Problem: The Concentration of Population through Urbanization 273
IV. Approaches to Control: An Enumeration and Evaluation of the Available Policy Instruments 281
V. Conclusions 287
Acknowledgments 288
References 288
PART IV: 
290 
SECTION B: Migration in Eastern Europe 290
CHAPTER 16. Economizing on Urbanization in Socialist Countries: 
292 
I. Introduction 292
II. A Comparison of the Presocialist and Socialist Structure of the East European Economies with Those of the Market Economies 295
III. Urbanization and Rural-to-Urban Migration 304
APPENDIX TO CHAPTER 16 312
Acknowledgments 318
References 318
CHAPTER 17. 
 
 
 
320 
I. Migration at the Various Stages of Socialism 320
II. The Case of Poland: The Pattern and Pace of Migration, 1951-1973 323
III. The 1950-1955 Period 328
IV. The 1956-1960 Period 333
V. The Decade of the 1960s 335
VI. The Early 1970s 336
VII. Socialist and Nonsocialist Countries: Some Comparative Observations 338
References 341
CHAPTER 18. 
 
 
344 
I. Introduction 344
II. Ravenstein's Laws of Migration—A Respecification 347
III. A Test of the Wave Theory in Yugoslavia 351
IV. Migration and Labor Transfer in Development 355
V. Concluding Remarks 359
References 359
PART IV: 
362 
SECTION C: Special Constraints: Causes and Consequences 362
CHAPTER 19. 
 
 
364 
I. Introduction 364
II. The Trend in the Level of Migration 366
III. Age of Male and Female Migrants 373
IV. Marital Status of Migrants 380
V. Cumulative Migration by Cohort 382
VI. The Structure of the Population under the Assumption of No 
388 
VII. Summary and Conclusions 389
References 392
APPENDIX 392
CHAPTER 20. 
 
 
 
394 
I. Introduction 394
II. Overview of Regional Development and Migration 395
III. A Regression Analysis of Interregional Migration 397
IV. Ethnic Selectivity in Migration to Belgrade 409
V. Conclusion and Implications 412
Acknowledgments 413
References 413
CHAPTER 21. 
 
 
 
416 
Acknowledgments 430
References 430
CHAPTER 22. 
 
 
 
432 
I. Introduction 432
II. Competitive, External, and Internal Markets 433
III. Some Socioeconomic Data Concerning the Labor Force of Company X 434
IV. Production Processes at the Plant of Company X 437
V. Skill Acquisition in the Bottling Hall of Company X 439
VI. The Hypotheses to be Tested 441
VII. Evaluation of the Hypotheses 444
VIII. Conclusion 452
References 453
PART V: 
 
 
456 
CHAPTER 23. 
 
458 
References 476
CHAPTER 24. Internal Migration: A Comparative Systemic View 478
I. Introduction 478
II. The Economic System and Migration 479
III. Interrelationships between Migration and the Three Systemic Structures 482
IV. Systemic Comparisons 485
V. Migration and Government Policies 491
VI. Concluding Comments 493
References 494
Author Index 496
Subject Index 502