Newnes Radio Engineer's Pocket Book (eBook)

Front Cover 
1 
Newnes Radio Engineer's Pocket Book 4
Copyright Page 
5 
Table of Contents 6
Preface 
10 
Acknowledgements 10
Chapter 1. Propagation of radio waves 12
1.1 Frequency and wavelength 12
1.2 The radio frequency spectrum 12
1.3 The isotropic radiator 13
1.4 Formation of radio waves 14
1.5 Behaviour of radio waves 16
1.6 Methods of propagation 21
References 25
Chapter 2. The decibel scale 26
2.1 Decibels and the logarithmic scale 26
2.2 Decibels referred to absolute values 26
Chapter 3. Transmission lines 33
3.1 General considerations 33
3.2 Impedance matching 33
3.3 Base band lines 34
3.4 Balanced line hybrids 35
3.5 Radio frequency lines 36
3.6 Waveguides 40
References 45
Chapter 4. Antennas 46
4.1 Antenna characteristics 46
4.2 Antenna types 48
4.3 VHF and UHF antennas 53
4.4 Microwave antennas 60
References 62
Chapter 5. Resonant circuits 63
5.1 Series and parallel tuned circuits 63
5.2 Q factor 64
5.3 Coupled (band-pass) resonant circuits 65
References 67
Chapter 6. Oscillators 68
6.1 Oscillator requirements 68
6.2 Tunable oscillators 68
6.3 Quartz crystal oscillators 69
6.4 Frequency synthesizers 71
6.5 Caesium and rubidium frequency standards 75
Chapter 7. Piezo-electric devices 76
7.1 Piezo-electric effect 76
7.2 Quartz crystal characteristics 77
7.3 Specifying quartz crystals 81
7.4 Filters 81
References 84
Chapter 8. Bandwidth requirements and modulation 85
8.1 Bandwidth of signals at base band 85
8.2 Modulation 87
8.3 Analogue modulation 87
8.4 Digital modulation 94
8.5 Spread spectrum transmission 99
References 101
Chapter 9. Frequency planning 102
9.1 International and regional planning 102
9.2 National planning 102
9.3 Designations of radio emissions 103
9.4 Bandwidth and frequency designations 104
9.5 General frequency allocations 105
9.6 Classes of radio stations 107
9.7 Radio wavebands 109
References 110
Chapter 10. Radio equipment 111
10.1 Transmitters 111
10.2 Receivers 115
10.3 Programmable equipment 120
References 121
Chapter 11. Microwave communication 122
11.1 Microwave usage 122
11.2 Propagation 122
11.3 K factor 123
11.4 Fresnel zones, reflections and multi-path fading 124
11.5 Performance criteria for analogue and digital links 126
11.6 Terminology 127
11.7 Link planning 127
11.8 Example of microwave link plan 127
Reference 128
Chapter 12. Information privacy and encryption 129
12.1 Encryption principles 129
12.2 Speech encryption 130
12.3 Data encryption 131
12.4 Code division multiple access (CDMA) or spread spectrum 133
12.5 Classification of security 133
References 133
Chapter 13. Multiplexing 134
13.1 Frequency division multiplex (FDM) 134
13.2 Time division multiplex (TDM) 134
13.3 Code division multiple access (CDMA) 136
Reference 137
Chapter 14. Speech digitization and synthesis 138
14.1 Pulse amplitude modulation (PAM) 138
14.2 Pulse code modulation (PCM) 138
14.3 Delta modulation 140
14.4 Speech synthesis 140
References 140
Chapter 15. VHF and UHF mobile communication 141
15.1 Operating procedures 141
15.2 Control of base stations 143
15.3 Common base station (CBS) operation 143
15.4 Wide area coverage 144
Chapter 16. Signalling 150
16.1 Sub-audio signalling 150
16.2 In-band tone and digital signalling 151
16.3 Digital signalling 152
References 155
Chapter 17. Channel occupancy, availability and trunking 156
17.1 Channel occupancy and availability 156
17.2 Trunking 157
17.3 In-band interrupted scan (IBIS) trunking 158
17.4 Trunking to MPT 1327 specification 159
References 159
Chapter 18. Mobile radio systems 160
18.1 Paging 160
18.2 Cordless telephones 161
18.3 Trunked radio 162
18.4 Analogue cellular radio-telephone networks 163
18.5 Global system mobile (GSM) 163
18.6 Personal communication network (PCN) 164
18.7 Private mobile radio (PMR) 164
18.8 UK CB radio 164
References 165
Chapater 19. Base station site management 166
19.1 Base station objectives 166
19.2 Site ownership or accommodation rental? 166
19.3 Choice of site 166
19.4 Masts and towers 167
19.5 Installation of electronic equipment 168
19.6 Earthing and protection against lightning 169
19.7 Erection of antennas 170
19.8 Interference 172
19.9 Antenna multi-coupling 175
19.10 Emergency power supplies 175
19.11 Approval and certification 178
References 178
Chapter 20. Instrumentation 179
20.1 Accuracy, resolution and stability 179
20.2 Audio instruments 180
20.3 Radio frequency instruments 182
References 188
Chapter 21. Batteries 189
21.1 Ceil characteristics 189
21.2 Non-rechargeable, primary batteries 190
21.3 Rechargeable batteries 194
Chapter 22. Satellite communications 197
22.1 Earth orbits 197
22.2 Communication by satellite link 199
22.3 Proposed satellite television formats 201
22.4 Global positioning system (GPS) 204
Reference 205
Chapter 23. Connectors and interfaces 206
23.1 Audio and video connectors 206
23.2 Co-axial connectors 209
23.3 Interfaces 218
Reference 226
Chapter 24. Broadcasting 227
24.1 Standard frequency and time transmissions 227
24.2 Standard frequency formats 228
24.3 UK broadcasting bands 230
24.4 BBC AM radio stations 231
24.5 BBC VHF broadcasting 232
24.6 UK television channels and transmitters 239
24.7 Characteristics of UHF terrestrial television systems 258
24.8 Terrestrial television channels 261
24.9 Terrestrial television aerial dimensions 263
Chapter 25. Abbreviations and symbols 265
25.1 Abbreviations 265
25.2 Letter symbols by unit name 269
25.3 Electric quantities 275
25.4 Transistor letter symbols 276
25.5 Component symbols 281
25.6 Radiocommunications symbols 287
25.7 Block diagram symbols 291
25.8 Frequency spectrum symbols 293
25.9 Equipment marking symbols (BS6217) 294
Chapter 26. Miscellaneous data 301
26.1 Fundamental constants 301
26.2 Electrical relationships 301
26.3 Dimensions of physical properties 301
26.4 Fundamental units 302
26.5 Greek alphabet 302
26.6 Standard units 303
26.7 Decimal multipliers 304
26.8 Electronic multiple and sub-multiple conversion 305
26.9 Useful formulae 306
26.10 Colour codes 310
26.11 RC time constants 313
26.12 RL time constants 315
26.13 Reactance of capacitors at spot frequencies 317
26.14 Reactance of inductors at spot frequencies 317
26.15 Boundaries of sea areas 318
26.16 The Beaufort scale 319
26.17 Signal rating codes 319
26.18 World time 322
26.19 International allocation of call signs 324
26.20 Amateur radio 327
26.21 Microwave band designation systems 330
26.22 International'Q'code 330
26.23 RSTCode 331
26.24 Interaational Monte Code 332
26.25 Phonetic alphabet 333
26.26 Miscellaneous international abbreviations 333
26.27 Conversions and equivalents 335
26.28 Laws 347
26.29 CCITT recommendations 349
26.30 Powers of numbers 
350 
26.31 Sound 353
26.32 Paper sizes 357
26.33 Fuses 358
26.34 Statistical formulae 358
26.35 Particles of modern physics 359
26.36 Calculus 360
26.37 Mensuration 360
26.38 Trigonometrical relationships 365
26.39 Transistor circuits and characteristics 367
26.40 Astronomical data 368
26.41 Resistivities of selected metals and alloys 369
26.42 Electrical properties of elements 372
26.43 Wire data and drill sizes 377
Glossary 393
Index 428