Brucellosis (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Brucellosis 4
Copyright page 5
Table of Contents 14
Dedication 3
Foreword 6
Preface 8
Acknowledgements 10
Contributors 12
Chapter 1. Historical aspects of brucellosis 16
Synonyms 16
The problem in Malta 16
Authors who have contributed to 'Malta Fever' 19
The discovery of Brucella suis 23
The discovery of other Brucella species 23
Eradication of brucellosis 23
References 24
Chapter 2. Epidemiological aspects 26
Introduction 26
Animal brucellosis and human disease 31
The occupational hazard of brucellosis 36
References 40
Chapter 3. Microbiological aspects 44
Introduction 44
Identification and taxonomy 45
Specific properties 47
Isolation and identification methods and materials 48
References 59
Chapter 4. Immunology of brucellosis in humans 60
Introduction 60
Immunoglobulins 60
Phagocytosis 62
Cell-mediated immunity 64
Diagnostic methods 66
Acknowledgements 69
References 69
Chapter 5. Histopathological features 74
Skin 74
Lymph nodes 75
Liver 76
Gallbladder 78
Spleen 78
Heart 79
Lung 80
Nervous system 80
Bones, joints and soft tissues 81
Genitourinary tract 83
References 84
Chapter 6. Overview 86
Definition 86
The organisms 86
Modes of transmission 87
Pathogenesis 88
Incubation period 89
Clinical features 90
Clinical forms of brucellosis – are they necessary? 90
Symptoms 90
Signs 94
Diagnosis 96
Prognosis of human brucellosis 100
References 100
Chapter 7. Bone and joint brucellosis 105
Introduction 105
Brucella arthritis 106
Brucella spondylitis 110
Brucella osteomyelitis 114
Other sites of osteoarticular brucellosis 115
References 116
Chapter 8. Bone and joint imaging 120
Introduction 120
Imaging features of brucellosis of the musculoskeletal system 120
Bones and joints of the extraspinal skeleton 121
The spine 123
Recommendations 129
References 162
Chapter 9. Cardiovascular complications 163
Introduction 163
Clinical features 164
Brucella endocarditis 164
Bruceila endaortitis and endarteritis 171
Brucella thrombophlebitis 172
Bruceila myocarditis 173
Bruceila pericarditis 174
Conclusion 174
References 175
Chapter 10. Respiratory manifestations 178
Introduction 178
Inhalation and pulmonary brucellosis 179
Clinical features 179
Conclusion 184
References 185
Chapter 11. Gastrointestinal brucellosis 187
Introduction 187
The liver 187
The gallbladder 190
Pancreatitis 195
Other gastrointestinal complications 196
References 196
Chapter 12. Genitourinary brucellosis 199
Introduction 199
Epididymo-orchitis 200
Prostate and seminal vesicles 201
Female genital tract infection with brucellosis 202
Renal complications of brucellosis 202
Brucellosis of the urinary bladder and posterior urethra 203
Conclusion 204
References 204
Chapter 13. Neurobrucellosis 207
Introduction 207
Clinical forms of neuromuscular and psychiatrie brucellosis 208
References 224
Chapter 14. Skin manifestations 227
Introduction 227
Clinical features 227
Conclusion 230
References 230
Chapter 15. Ocular manifestations 232
Introduction 232
Nature and types of ocular involvement 232
Conclusion 234
References 234
Chapter 16. Haematological disorders in brucellosis 236
Introduction 236
Clinical features 236
Haematological abnormalities 236
Conclusion 241
References 241
Chapter 17. Pregnancy and brucellosis 244
Brucellosis during pregnancy 244
Our own experiences 247
Erythritol and abortion due to brucellosis 249
Clinical features 249
Diagnosis 250
Prognosis 250
Treatment 250
References 250
Chapter 18. Childhood brucellosis 252
Introduction 252
Mode of infection 252
Incidence 254
Clinical features 255
Complications of brucellosis in children 256
Prognosis and treatment 264
References 264
Chapter 19. Treatment 266
Introduction 266
Earlier methods of treatment 267
Present methods of treatment 271
Conclusion 286
References 286
Chapter 20. Brucella vaccines in humans 291
Killed vaccines 291
Antigenic fractions 293
Conclusions 295
References 295
Chapter 21. Brucellosis in animals 297
Introduction 297
History 297
Causes and characteristics 297
Cattle brucellosis 298
Sheep and goat brucellosis (B. melitensis 304
Sheep (B. ovis) 305
Swine brucellosis 306
Canine brucellosis (B. canis) 307
Horses 307
Buffalo 307
Camels 308
References 308
Chapter 22. Immune responses and vaccination 310
Introduction 310
Cellular responses 310
Humoral responses 311
Future research 315
References 315
Chapter 23. Control, eradication and prevention 317
Introduction 317
Methods 317
Economics 321
Epidemiological factors 322
Non-technical factors 323
Control and eradication programmes 324
International organizations (see Appendix 1 and 2) 325
References 325
Appendix 1: Programmes and centres responsible for international surveillance and information exchange on brucellosis 327
Appendix 2: Addresses of international institutions for technical cooperation in brucellosis control 329
Index 334
About the author 341