Cargo Handling and the Modern Port (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Cargo Handling and the Modern Port 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 6
FOREWORD 10
INTRODUCTION 12
CHAPTER 1. THE PORT 14
THE FUNCTION OF A PORT 14
THE WORLD'S DEEP SEA TRADE 15
THE URGENT NEED FOR A QUICK TURNROUND 17
THE ADMINISTRATION OF PORTS 18
TYPES OF PORT MANAGEMENT 19
ADVANTAGES OF VARIOUS TYPES 22
DIVIDED RESPONSIBILITY WITHIN PORTS 23
OTHER DUTIES OF A PORT AUTHORITY 26
FACILITIES THAT TRADERS EXPECT TO FIND 28
CHAPTER 2. THE BASIC OPERATIONS OF A PORT 30
THE MOVEMENT OF THE SHIP TO HER BERTH 30
FACILITIES FOR LOADING AND DISCHARGING SHIPS 32
BERTH DESIGN, DIFFERENT CONCEPTIONS 35
QUAY CRANES versus SHIPS' GEAR 36
AN ALTERNATIVE TO THE QUAY CRANE 40
OVERSIDE DISCHARGE 41
THE SIZE OF CRAFT 42
THE LANDING OF GENERAL CARGO 43
THE HANDLING OF EXPORT CARGO 45
THE TALLYING OF CARGO 46
PHYSICAL CAUSES THAT HINDER TURNROUND 48
SOME MINOR PROBLEMS SLOWING TURNROUND 50
DOCUMENTATION 51
MARKING OF CARGO 54
ADVANCE INFORMATION 56
CHAPTER 3. PORT LABOUR 58
INTRODUCTION TO PORT LABOUR 58
CONDITIONS OF PORT LABOUR 59
DEPENDENCE OF THE PORTS ON ARRIVAL OF SHIPS 60
DEMAND FOR DOCK LABOUR 61
OVERTIME WORKING 62
CONDITIONS OF PAY 63
WEST COAST AGREEMENT 64
THE BOARD'S FALL BACK SCHEME 66
SPECIALIST GRADES WITHIN THE SCHEME 69
SAFETY IN PORT WORK 70
PRESENT MOVES FOR IMPROVING CONDITIONS 71
OVERTIME 72
TRAINING OF WORKERS AND STAFF 73
CHAPTER 4. CHANGES SINCE 1945 77
PROBLEMS OF RECONSTRUCTION 77
MECHANIZATION APPLIED TO PORT WORK 78
THE FUNCTIONS OF THE NEW MACHINES 79
TAKING THE MACHINE TO THE JOB 81
THE TEST THAT MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT HAS TO PASS 82
COST OF OPERATING FORKLIFT TRUCKS — AN EXAMPLE 84
STRIKING EXPORTS MECHANICALLY 85
SAFE WORKING 86
EFFECTS OF MECHANIZATION ALREADY REVEALED 87
EFFECTS OF MECHANIZATION ON DOCK SHEDS 89
HOW PERMANENT ARE PRESENT DESIGNS ? 91
OTHER CHANGES AFFECTING CARGO HANDLING 92
CHAPTER 5. THE UNIT LOAD 94
CHANGES IN CARGO UNIT DESIGN 94
SUCCESSFUL EXPERIMENTS IN PALLET CARGOES 96
MAINTENANCE OF PALLETS 114
EXTENDED USE OF PALLETS 116
LARGER UNITS OF SAWN SOFTWOOD 117
SHIPMENT OF APPLES IN LARGE BINS 120
UNITIZING EXPORT CARGO 122
CHAPTER 6. CONTAINERS 124
CONDITIONS FAVOURABLE TO CONTAINER TRAFFIC 125
DIFFERENT TYPES OF CONTAINERS 126
THE IMPACT OF CONTAINERS ON TRANSPORTATION —THE SHIPPER 130
THE CONSOLIDATED TERMINAL AND THE SHIPPER 132
IMPACT OF THE CONTAINER ON PORTS 136
THE IDEAL BERTH LAYOUT FOR THE CONTAINER SHIP 137
THE MECHANICAL REQUIREMENTS OF A CONTAINER BERTH 139
TYPES OF CONTAINER SHIP 142
THE RECEIVER OF THE CONTAINER 144
SOME GENERAL PROBLEMS OF CONTAINERS 144
CHAPTER 7. BULK CARGOES 147
BULK CARGO SHIP TONNAGE 147
TYPES OF BULK CARGOES —OILS 149
SUNDRY BULK CARGOES 157
THE ADVANTAGES OF BULK HANDLING 159
PHYSICAL REQUIREMENTS AT A BULK PORT 162
DEVELOPMENT OF ITALIAN SHIPMENTS OF BULK ORE 164
CHAPTER 8. THE PORT OF THE FUTURE 168
THE ROCHDALE COMMITTEE 168
THE PORT OF THE FUTURE 170
PREPARING FOR THE PORT OF THE FUTURE 171
THE TWO SCHOOLS OF THOUGHT 172
BRIEF REVIEW OF PRESENT PORT DEVELOPMENTS 173
THE SHAPE THE PORT OF THE FUTURE WILL TAKE 178
MINOR ALTERATIONS IN CARGO SHIP DESIGN 180
SHED DESIGNS 181
CONCLUSION 182
APPENDIX A 184
APPENDIX B MAINTENANCE OF MECHANICAL EQUIPMENT 185
APPENDIX C MARKING OF GENERAL CARGO 187
APPENDIX D 189
REFERENCES 190
Index 194
Color Plate 98