Antigens (eBook)

Front Cover 1
The Antigens 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 6
List of Contributors 10
Preface 12
Contents of Volume II 14
CHAPTER 
16 
I. Introduction 17
II. Criteria for Establishing a Nucleic Acid Immune System 18
III. Possible Antigenic Determinants and the Meaning of Specificity 22
IV. Experimentally Induced Antibodies to Nucleic Acids 26
V. The Natural Occurrence of Antibodies to Nucleic Acids 55
VI. Applications of Antibodies to Nucleic Acids 72
VII. Conclusion 88
Acknowledgments 89
References 89
CHAPTER 
102 
I. Introduction 103
II. Inhibition and Enhancement of Enzyme Activity 
106 
III. Immunologie Approach to Evolution of Enzymes 112
IV. Antigenic Determinants of Enzymes 116
V. Structure-Function Correlation Pertaining to Catalytic and 
124 
VI. Immunologie Relationship between Enzymes and 
132 
VII. Enzymes and Apoenzymes 137
VIII. Multiple Forms of Enzymes 141
IX. Allosteric Enzymes 147
X. Individual Enzymes: Immunochemical Characterization 149
XL Concluding Remarks 166
References 167
CHAPTER 
176 
I. Introduction 177
II. History 178
III. Nomenclature 186
IV. Tertiary and Quaternary Structure 198
V. Disulfide Bond Arrangements 223
VI. Primary Structure of Immunoglobulin Chains 226
VII. The Nature of the Antibody Combining Site 260
VIII. Immunoglobulins as Antigens 265
IX. Immunoglobulin Genetic Markers 267
X. Immunoglobulin Gene Translocation 275
XI. The Origin of Immunoglobulin Diversity 284
XII. Future Prospects 298
Acknowledgments 300
References 300
Chapter 4. Immunoglobulin Allotypes 314
I. Introduction 315
II. Allotypes of Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus) Immunoglobulins 316
III. The Allotypes and Idiotypes of Mouse 
337 
IV. Allotypes of Human Immunoglobulins 363
References 382
CHAPTER 
392 
I. Introduction 393
II. Goals of the Study of Protein Evolution 393
III. Data Collection for Studies of Protein Evolution 400
IV. The Evolution of Structure and Function 405
V. Evolution by the Random Fixation of Selectively Neutral Alleles 414
VI. Rates of Protein Evolution 415
VII. Gene Duplication and Divergence or Convergence 422
VIII. The Future 424
Acknowledgments 425
References 425
CHAPTER 
432 
I. Introduction 432
II. Natural Agglutinins 435
III. Cyclostome Immunoglobulins 440
IV. Elasmobranch Immunoglobulins 452
V. Osteichthyes Immunoglobulins 456
VI. Amphibian Immunoglobulins 460
VII. Reptile Immunoglobulins 462
VIII. Avian Immunoglobulins 465
IX. Amino Acid Sequence Analysis of Nonmammalian Vertebrate 
473 
X. The Specificity, Affinity, and Heterogeneity of Antibody 
477 
XII. Conclusions and Summary 484
Acknowledgments 486
References 486
Chapter 7. Chemistry and Biology of 
494 
I. Introduction 494
II. Identification of IgE 495
III. Physicochemical Properties and Structure 499
IV. Immunologie Properties 502
V. Formation and Metabolism 508
VI. Molecular and Cellular Basis of Sensitization 511
VII. Immune Mechanisms of Reaginic Hypersensitivity Reactions 522
VIII. Biologic Role of IgE System 526
IX. Regulation of IgE Antibody Formation 530
Acknowledgments 540
References 540
Author Index 544
Subject Index 574