Regulation of Gluconeogenesis (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Regulation of Gluconeogenesis 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 12
Preface 6
Contributing Authors and Discussants 9
Chapter 1. Possible Control Mechanisms of Liver Pyruvate Carboxylase 14
Summary 14
Introduction 15
Activation by Acetyl-CoA 18
Inhibitors of Pyruvate Carboxylase 20
Acknowledgment 23
References 23
Chapter 2. Purification and Properties of Pyruvate Carboxylase from Rat Liver 24
Summary 24
Introduction 24
Results 25
References 32
Chapter 3. Comparative Studies with Pyruvate Carboxylase from Rat and Guinea Pig Liver 33
References 37
Discussion to Utter and Fung, and to Seufert, Herlemann and Seubert 38
Chapter 4. On the Intracellular Location of Pyruvate Carboxylase 42
Summary 42
Introduction 42
Results and Discussion 43
References 53
Announced Discussion 54
Reference 55
Announced Discussion 57
References 58
Discussion to Weiss, Only, Dugal and Seubert 60
Chapter 5. Regulation of Pyruvate Metabolism in Rat Liver Mitochondria 63
Summary 63
Introduction 63
Materials and Methods 64
Results and Discussion 64
References 72
Discussion to Walter and Stucki 73
Chapter 6. Activities of Pyruvate Carboxylase, Phosphoenolpyruvate Carboxykinase and Pyruvate Kinase of New Zealand Obese+(NZO) Mice Livers During Different Phases of Diabetes after Starvation, Cortisol and Insulin Treatment. 76
Summary 76
Introduction 76
Materials and Methods 76
Enzyme Assays 77
Results and Discussion 77
References 78
Chapter 7. The Development of Gluconeogenic Function in Rat Liver 79
Summary 79
Introduction 80
Glucagon Experiments 85
Ether Anesthesia and Gluconeogenesis 86
Conclusions 93
Acknowledgment 93
References 93
Discussion to Stornier and Staib, and to Ballard and Philippidis 94
General Discussion 97
Chapter 8. Effects of Quinolinic Acid on the Free and Total Nicotinamide-Adenine Dinucleotides of Rat Liver 105
Summary 105
Introduction 106
Materials and Methods 106
Results 106
Discussion 113
Acknowledgments 113
References 114
Discussion to Williamson, Mayor and Veloso 114
Chapter 9. On the Redox State of NADYNADH Systems in Guinea Pig Liver Under Different Experimental Conditions 116
Summary 116
+ Unusual Abbreviations:. 116
Results 117
Acknowledgments 126
References 126
Chapter 10. Gluconeogenesis and Redox State 127
Summary 127
References 130
Discussion to Willms, Kleineke and Söling, and Krebs 131
Chapter 11. On the Inhibition of Gluconeogenesis by 1-ß-Phenyl-Ethylbiguanide in the Perfused Guinea Pig Liver 140
Summary 140
Introduction 140
Results and Discussion 141
References 152
Chapter 12. Effects of Biguanides on Gluconeogenesis in Rats and Guinea Pigs 153
Discussion to Haeckel and Haeckel 154
Chapter 13. Regulation of Gluconeogenesis with Ethanol and Fructose by the Isolated Perfused Rat Liver 158
Summary 158
Introduction 158
Methods 159
Results and Discussion 160
Experiments with Ethanol 160
Experiments with Fructose 161
Experiments with Ethanol and Fructose 164
Acknowledgment 165
References 165
Chapter 14. Fructose as a Precursor for Ketogenesis 166
References 169
Discussion to Papenberg 170
Chapter 15. Mechanism of Glucagon Activation of Gluconeogenesis 173
Summary 173
Introduction 174
Materials and Methods 174
Results 176
Discussion 184
Acknowledgment 190
References 190
Chapter 16. Dissociation of Gluconeogenic and Ketogenic Action of Glucagon in the Perfused Rat Liver 192
Summary 192
Introduction 193
Methods 193
Results and Discussion 194
A cknowledgment 202
References 202
Discussion to Exton, Ui and Park and Fröhlich and Wieland 204
Summary 207
Introduction 208
Materials and Methods 208
Reagents 209
Results and Discussion 209
Acknowledgment 219
References 219
Discussion to Ruderman, Toews, Lowy and Shafrir 220
Chapter 17. Regulation of Gluconeogenesis in Rat and Guinea Pig Liver 223
Summary 223
Introduction 224
Conclusions 234
Acknowledgment 235
References 237
Discussion to Söling, Willms and Kleineke 238
Chapter 18. The Effect of 3', 5'-cyclic AMP on Glucose Synthesis in Isolated Rat Kidney Tubules 239
Summary 239
Introduction 239
Methods 240
Results 241
Discussion 247
Acknowledgment 248
References 248
Discussion to Guder and Wieland 249
Chapter 19. Effect of Proinsulin on the Metabolism of Alanine in Isolated Perfused Rat Livers 250
Summary 250
Introduction 250
Methods 251
Results 252
Discussion 252
References 257
Discussion to Rudorff, Windeck and Staib 258
General Discussion 259
Chapter 20. The Role of Pyruvate Carboxylase and P-enolpyruvate Carboxykinase in Rat Adipose Tissue 268
Summary 268
Pyruvate Carboxylase 269
Tissue Distribution and Properties of the Adipose Tissue Enzyme 269
P-enolpyruvate Carboxykinase 278
Conclusions 285
Acknowledgment 286
References 286
Discussion to Hanson, Patel, Reshef and Ballard 287
Chapter 21. Stimulation of Amino Acid Metabolism and Gluconeogenesis from Amino Acids in the Liver of Fasting Rats Treated with Antilipolytic Agents 289
Summary 289
Introduction 290
Results 291
Discussion 297
References 298
Discussion to Hasselblatt, Panten and Poser 298
References 301
Chapter 22. Transfer of Carbon and Hydrogen Across the Mitochondrial Membrane in the Control of Gluconeogenesis 306
Summary 306
Introduction 307
Acknowledgments 325
References 325
Discussion to Williamson 326
Chapter 23. Interaction of Gluconeogenesis with Mixed Function Oxidation in Perfused Rat Liver 328
Summary 328
Introduction 329
Summary and Conclusions 336
Acknowledgments 339
References 339
Discussion to Thurman and Scholz 340
Chapter 24. Some Aspects of Gluconeogenesis from Pyruvate in Hemoglobinfree Perfused Rat Liver 341
Summary 341
Perfusion System 342
Interaction of the Gluconeogenic Pathway with Other Metabolic Pathways of the Cell 344
14 Mathematical Formulation of the Influence of the TG Y-cycle on the C-Labeling Pattern of Glucose 346
Pyruvate Permeation through the Liver Cell Membrane 348
14 C- Activities of Other Intracellular Metabolites 14 348
Acknowledgments 350
References 350
Discussion to Müllhofer and Kuntzen 351
General Discussion 354