Asthma (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Asthma: Physiology, Immunopharmacology, and Treatment 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 6
List of Contributors 12
Participants 16
Preface 20
CHAPTER 1. Bronchial Asthma: Pathophysiology 22
Original Observations 24
Discussion 29
References 31
DISCUSSION 31
CHAPTER 2. Physiologic Changes in the Acute Asthmatic Attack 36
Summary 45
References 45
DISCUSSION 46
CHAPTER 3. Neurophysíologic Aspects of Asthma 50
Autonomic Regulation of Airway Smooth Muscle 50
Nervous Regulation of Respiration 56
References 57
DISCUSSION 58
CHAPTER 4. The Genetic Basis of Asthma 60
History 60
Twin Studies 62
Recent Family Studies 64
Hypothetical Genetic Mechanisms 66
Conclusion 69
References 69
DISCUSSION 70
CHAPTER 5. Role of IgE and IgG Antibodies in Reaginic Hypersensitivity in the Respiratory Tract 76
Introduction 76
Does IgG Antibody Induce or Block Reaginic Allergy? 77
Does IgG Antibody Regulate IgE Antibody Production? 82
References 89
DISCUSSION 89
CHAPTER 6. A Human Heat-Stable Anaphylactic or Anaphylactoid Antibody Which May Participate in Pulmonary Disorders 92
Examination of the Properties of the Short-Term Sensitizing IgG Antibody (IgG S-T S) 93
References 109
DISCUSSION 110
CHAPTER 7. The Control of IgE-Mediated Histamine Release: Implications for the Study of Asthma 112
References 124
DISCUSSION 125
CHAPTER 8. A Review of Immunological, Biochemical, and Pharmacological Factors in the Release of Chemical Mediators from Human Lung 130
Role of IgE in Mediator Release 132
Characteristics of the Chemical Mediators 133
Biochemical Prerequisites for Mediator Release 135
Pharmacologic Control of Mediator Release 136
Concluding Comments 138
References 139
DISCUSSION 140
CHAPTER 9. Cyclic Nucleotides and Smooth Muscle Function 144
Cyclic AMP and Smooth Muscle 144
Cyclic GMP 146
Alteration of Cyclic Nucleotide Levels in Smooth Muscle 147
Does Cyclic GMP Mediate the Effects of Smooth Muscle Stimulants? 155
Conclusions 156
References 156
DISCUSSION 158
CHAPTER 10. Drug Receptors in Smooth Muscle 160
Introduction 160
Basic Concepts of Pharmacologic Receptors 161
Alterations in Pharmacologic Receptor Activity 167
Drug Receptors in Tracheobronchial Tree 168
Clinical Importance of Pharmacologic Receptors in Asthma 174
Characteristics of Pharmacologic Receptor Systems 178
Conclusion 181
DISCUSSION 185
CHAPTER 11. Cholinergic Pharmacology in Asthma 190
Background 190
Role of the Parasympathetic Nervous System in Asthma 192
Summary 201
References 201
DISCUSSION 203
CHAPTER 12. Adrenergic Responsiveness in Asthma 206
Introduction 206
Catecholamine Responsiveness in Vivo in Individuals with Asthma 206
In Vitro Studies of Adrenergic Responsiveness 209
Unresolved Questions 217
Possible Applications 224
Summary 225
References 225
DISCUSSION 227
CHAPTER 13. A Review of Immunotherapy in Asthma 232
References 238
DISCUSSION 238
CHAPTER 14. Effects of Corticosteroids on the Stability and Fusion of Biomembranes 242
Introduction 242
Cortisone and Lysosomal Membranes 242
Cortisone and Artificial Membranes 244
Cortisone and Membrane Fusion 246
Cortisone in the Cell Undergoing Reverse Endocytosis 248
Summary 250
References 251
DISCUSSION 251
CHAPTER 15. Phosphodiesterase Inhibitors and Analogs of Cyclic AMP as Potential Agents for the Treatment of Asthma 256
Summary and Discussion 267
References 268
DISCUSSION 269
CHAPTER 16. Selectively Acting ß-Adrenoreceptor Stimulants in Asthma 272
General Introduction 272
Comparison of the Biological Properties of Selected ß-Adrenoreceptor Stimulants 275
Pharmacology 275
Clinical Results 279
The Clinical Significance of Selective ß2-Adrenoreceptor Stimulants 281
Physicochemical Basis of Selective ß-Adrenoreceptor Stimulation 283
References 285
DISCUSSION 286
CHAPTER 17. Role of Prostaglandins in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of Asthma 288
Introduction 288
Actions of the .-Series Prostaglandins on the Bronchus 289
Actions of PGF2a on the Bronchus 291
Prostaglandins, Inflammation, and Allergy 293
Prostaglandin Antagonists 293
Discussion 294
Conclusions 296
References 296
DISCUSSION 296
CHAPTER 18. Disodium Cromoglycate in Clinical and Experimental Asthma 300
Clinical Effects of Disodium Cromoglycate 301
Long-Term (1 Year) Trials of Disodium Cromoglycate in Asthma 301
Types of Asthmatic Reaction to Provocation Tests and Effects of Disodium Cromoglycate 303
Comparison of Effects of Disodium Cromoglycate and Corticosteroids in Asthma 306
Effects of Disodium Cromoglycate on Asthmatic Reactions in Subjects Sensitive to Chemical Inorganic and Organic Dusts, Fumes, and Gases 308
Effect of Disodium Cromoglycate on Asthma Due to Ingested Allergens 309
Effect of Disodium Cromoglycate in Allergic Rhinitis 311
Conclusions 311
References 312
DISCUSSION 313
CHAPTER 19. General Discussion 316
Index of Participants 336
Subject Index 338