Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Products for Topical Administration (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Pharmaceutical and Cosmetic Products for Topical Administration 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 10
GENERAL PREFACE 6
PREFACE TO VOLUME 9 8
Part 1: THE STRUCTURE AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE SKIN 12
CHAPTER 1. FUNCTIONS OF THE INTEGUMENT 16
THE GENERAL ANATOMY OF THE SKIN3,4,5 16
THE EPIDERMIS 20
THE TRANSITIONAL ZONE AND ITS FUNCTIONS 24
ABNORMAL FORMS OF EPIDERMAL KERATINISATION17 27
THE HAIR 30
THE NAILS27,28 38
THE SEBACEOUS GLANDS29 41
THE SWEAT GLANDS 43
THE DERMIS 50
THE VASCULAR SUPPLY TO THE SKIN 53
ORGANISMS RESIDENT ON THE SKIN SURFACE42 57
SKIN COLOUR43 58
CUTANEOUS SENSATION45 63
CHAPTER 2. CUTANEOUS PERMEABILITY46,47 66
WATER ABSORPTION 66
PERMEABILITY OF ELECTROLYTES 69
PERMEABILITY OF NON-ELECTROLYTES 69
PENETRATION BY NON-PHYSIOLOGICAL SUBSTANCES 70
PASSAGE OF SUBSTANCES THROUGH THE EPIDERMIS 74
PASSAGE OF SUBSTANCES THROUGH THE DERMIS 75
CHAPTER 3. SKIN SENSITIVITY AND NON-SPECIFIC IRRITATION 77
NON-SPECIFIC IRRITANTS 77
SKIN SENSITISATION BY ALLERGENS 77
BITES AND STINGS52 80
DRUG REACTIONS 81
PHYSICAL DAMAGE TO THE SKIN 82
CHAPTER 4. PATHOLOGICAL CHANGES IN THE SKIN 84
ECZEMA 84
PSORIASIS 85
MALIGNANT CONDITIONS OF THE SKIN 88
INFECTIONS OF THE SKIN 90
REFERENCES 96
BOOKS FOR FURTHER READING 98
Part 2: PHARMACEUTICAL AND COSMETIC PRODUCTS 100
CHAPTER 1. INTRODUCTION 104
GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR TOPICAL PREPARATIONS 104
PROTECTIVE ASPECTS 107
PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITY 110
CHAPTER 2. VEHICLES FOR DERMATOLOGICAL PRODUCTS 121
DUSTING POWDERS 121
SEMI-SOLIDS 123
VEHICLES FOR DERMATOLOGICAL PRODUCTS 124
LIPOPHILIC (GREASY) BASES 124
HYDROPHILIC (WATER-MISCIBLE) BASES 133
LOTIONS, PAINTS AND LINIMENTS 142
ALCOHOL IN TOPICAL APPLICATIONS 145
CHAPTER 3. COSMETIC PREPARATIONS 146
PERFUMERY 146
PRODUCTS FOR PERSONAL HYGIENE 149
FACIAL MAKE-UP 158
HAIR DRESSINGS 165
MISCELLANEOUS COSMETICS 170
CHAPTER 4. TECHNOLOGY OF TOPICAL APPLICATIONS 175
GENERAL PRINCIPLES 175
MIXING 182
FINISHING OPERATIONS 191
CONTINUOUS PRODUCTION 196
CHAPTER 5. USE AND SAFETY OF TOPICAL PREPARATIONS 199
DIRECTIONS FOR USE 199
SAFETY CONSIDERATIONS 201
CHAPTER 6. PACKAGING OF TOPICAL PREPARATIONS 210
INTRODUCTION 210
PACKAGING MATERIALS AND CONTAINERS 212
PRESSURISED PACKS (AEROSOLS) 218
PACKAGE TESTING 221
Recommended for Further Reading 227
INDEX 228