Epidemiology (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Epidemiology 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 6
Foreword 10
Introduction 12
Part 1: Cancer Epidemiology 14
Chapter 1. Panel Chairman's Summary 16
Chapter 2. Epidemiological Opportunities in Latin America 20
ABSTRACT 20
IDENTIFICATION OF POPULATION GROUPS EXPOSED TO KNOWN CARCINOGENS OR RISK FACTORS 22
Chapter 3. Opportunities for Research on Cancer Epidemiology in Latin America 26
ABSTRACT 26
KEYWORDS 26
INTRODUCTION 26
REFERENCES 31
Chapter 4. Epidemiological Opportunities in Latin America: Brazil 32
ABSTRACT 32
INTRODUCTION 32
MORTALITY 32
INCIDENCE 36
EPIDEMIOLOGICAL RESEARCH 37
REFERENCES 37
Chapter 5. Prevention and Control Program for Cancer of the Cervix in Developing Countries 40
PROCEDURE 42
CYTOLOGIC EXAMINATIONS 43
Chapter 6. Nutrition and Cancer, Some Results of Epidemiological Studies 48
ABSTRACT 48
REFERENCES 51
Chapter 7. Further Studies on the Etiology of Esophageal Cancer 52
ABSTRACT 52
DETERMINATION OF NITRATES AND NITRITES IN WATER. SALIVA AND URINE 52
REDUCTION IN NITRATE AND NITRITE CONTENT IN CROPS BY THE USE OF MOLYBDENUM 53
ENHANCEMENT BY FUNGUS IN FORMATION OF NITROSAMINES IN FOOD 54
DISCUSSION 55
REFERENCES 55
Chapter 8. Factors Associated with Adenocarcinomas of the Large Bowel in Puerto Rico1 58
ABSTRACT 58
INTRODUCTION 58
MATERIALS AND METHODS 59
RESULTS 60
DISCUSSION 63
REFERENCES 64
Chapter 9. The Role of Metabolic Epidemiology and Laboratory Studies in the Etiology of Colon Cancer 66
ABSTRACT 66
INTRODUCTION 66
REFERENCES 72
Chapter 10. Epidemiology of Precancerous Lesions of the Gastrointestinal Tract in Sao Paulo,Brazil 76
ABSTRACT 76
INTRODUCTION 76
MATERIAL AND METHODS 76
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 77
REFERENCES 79
Chapter 11. Precancerous Lesions of the Alimentary Tract in Relation to Some Epidemiological Data in Japan 80
ABSTRACT 80
INTRODUCTION 80
RESULTS 80
References 83
Chapter 12. Epidemiology of Malignant Melanoma in Mexico 84
ABSTRACT 84
INTRODUCTION 84
MATERIALS AND METHODS 85
RESULTS 85
CONCLUSIONS 86
REFERENCES 87
Chapter 13. Melanoma Maligno: Epidemiologia y Grupos de Alto Riesgo 88
SUMARIO 88
VARIABLES DE RIESGO SEGUN ASOCIACION ESTADISTICA 92
Chapter 14. Preliminary Investigation of the Epidemiology of Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma (NPG) in Four Provinces and One Autonomous Region in South China 94
ABSTRACT 94
METHOD OF INVESTIGATION 94
RESULTS 95
DISCUSSION 97
REFERENCE 98
Part 2: Occupational Cancer 100
Chapter 15. Asbestos Cancer in the Construction Industry 102
ABSTRACT 102
INTRODUCTION 102
MATERIALS AND METHODS 102
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 105
REFERENCES 108
Chapter 16. Current Status of Cancer Risk in the Rubber Industry 110
ABSTRACT 110
REFERENCES 118
Chapter 17. Co-carcinogenesis in Occupational Cancer 120
ABSTRACT 120
KEY WORDS 120
INTRODUCTION 120
REFERENCES 126
Chapter 18. Setting of Exposure Standards 128
ABSTRACT 128
INTRODUCTION 128
HIGH DOSE TO LOW DOSE EXTRAPOLATIONS 129
EXTRAPOLATION FROM MOUSE TO MAN 131
ADDITIONAL BASIS FOR STANDARD SETTING 132
REFERENCES 134
Part 3: Seroepidemiology and Human Cancer 136
Chapter 19. Seroepidemiology of the Epstein-Barr Virus and Its Causative Role in Human Tumours 138
INTRODUCTION 138
THE AGE OF INFECTION, AND POSSIBLY THE STRAIN OF EBV VARY AROUND THE WORLD 139
NEED FOR CO-FACTORS 139
EBV AND INFECTIOUS MONONUCLEOSIS 141
CONCLUSIONS 147
REFERENCES 148
Chapter 20. Sero-epidemiology of Primate Herpesviruses and Associated Tumors as Models for Human Tumors 152
ABSTRACT 152
INTRODUCTION 152
HERPESVIRUS SAIMIRI 155
DISCUSSION 159
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 159
REFERENCES 159
Chapter 21. Seroepidemiology of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 2 and Cervical Carcinoma 162
ABSTRACT 162
INTRODUCTION 162
COMMENTS 168
REFERENCES 170
Chapter 22. Seroepidemiology of Hepatitis B Virus Related Antigens and Alphafetoproteins 174
ABSTRACT 174
INTRODUCTION 174
RESULTS 175
REFERENCES 178
Part 4: Interaction Between Genetic and Environmental Factors in Human Cancer 180
Chapter 23. Interaction Between Genetic and Environmental Factors in Human Cancer 182
ABSTRACT 182
KEYWORDS 182
HLA ANTIGEN PROFILES AND MALIGNANCY 183
REFERENCES 190
Chapter 24. Carcinogen Metabolism with Human and Experimental Animal Tissues:Inter-individual and Species Differences 192
ABSTRACT 192
KEY WORDS 192
INTRODUCTION 192
METHODS 193
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 194
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 199
REFERENCES 199
Chapter 25. Heredity and Environment in Geographic Variations in Cancer Incidence 202
ABSTRACT 202
INTRODUCTION 202
GEOGRAPHIC AND RACIAL VARIATIONS: RISK FACTORS 203
COMMENT 206
REFERENCES 206
Chapter 27. Genetic Predisposition to Cancer 208
ABSTRACT 208
KEY WORDS 208
INTRODUCTION 208
RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES 209
PEDIGREE STUDIES 210
MUTATIONAL MODEL 210
REFERENCES 213
Chapter 28. Present and Future Developments in Environmental Carcinogenesis 216
ABSTRACT 216
INTRODUCTION 217
CONCLUSION 225
On-going Research and Needs in Cancer Epidemiology — a World-wide Survey 228
ABSTRACT 228
INTRODUCTION 228
METHODS AND MATERIAL 229
RESULTS 230
DISCUSSION 231
CONCLUSION 233
REFERENCES 234
Index 236