Evolutionary Paleobiology of Behavior and Coevolution (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Evolutionary Paleobiology of Behavior and Coevolution 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 16
Dedicatilon 6
List of Contributors 8
Preface 10
Acknowledgments 12
Introduction 26
Classes of evidence 27
Coevolutionary and behavioral limits of the fossil record 28
Definition of coevolution 29
Definition of behavior 29
Taxonomic ranking of behaviors and coevolutionary relations 30
Relative abundance of functional morphologic and "frozen behavior" evidence 30
Time duration of coevolutionary and behavioral modes 31
Reliability of the fossil record for behavioral and coevolutionary purposes 33
Reliability classes 34
Categories employed 35
Paleontologic Evidence 36
Chapter 1. Functional Morphology 38
Summary 39
Chapter 2. Specialized, Potentially Interacting Biologic Substrates 40
2A Marine invertebrate benthos 40
2B Marine pelagic vertebrates 67
Chapter 3. Mutualism 68
3a Mycorrhiza 68
3b Zooxanthellae 71
3c Vermiforichnus 74
3d Hydroid–bryozoan 75
3e Halecostome–inoceramid 76
3f Ground squirrel burrow lined with Celtis (hackberry) seeds 82
Summary 83
Chapter 4. Host–Parasite and Host–Parasitoid Relations 84
4A Animal–animal 85
4B Animal–plant 128
4C Mycota–plant 143
4D Plant–plant 150
4E Mycota-animal 150
Chapter 5. Density and Spacing 152
5a Benthic shell examples 160
5b Belemnite shoals 167
5c Crane fly and fungus gnat swarms 170
5d Shrimp schools 170
5e Fish schools 170
5f Amphibian aggregations 174
5g Snake aggregation 174
5h Dinosaur herds 179
5i Bird colonies 180
5j Lungfish, amphibian and reptilian burrows 181
5k Mammalian herds 183
5l Pinniped rookery 185
5l Summary 185
Chapter 6. Predation and Feeding Behaviors 188
6A Marine 189
6B Freshwater 233
6C Terrestrial 234
6D Marine, freshwater, and terrestrial 296
Chapter 7. Communication 332
Summary 334
Chapter 8. Trace Fossils and Their Formers 336
8A Marine 336
8B Freshwater 353
8C Terrestrial 359
Chapter 9. Specialized Substrates 372
9A Marine 372
9B Terrestrial 393
Chapter 10. Sexual Behavior 406
10A Terrestrial 407
10B Aquatic invertebrates 421
10C Vertebrates 436
Chapter 11. Parental Care 456
Summary 457
Chapter 12. Depth Behavior 458
Summary 458
Chapter 13. Phoresy 460
13a Pseudoscorpions 460
13b Saproglyphid mites 461
13c Rhabditic nematodes and ants 461
13d Mites with a midge, and with a bark beetle 462
Summary 462
Chapter 14. Defense 464
14a Operculate gastropods 464
14b Serpulid worm opercula 465
14c Cephalopod ink sacs 467
I4d Camouflage 469
I4e Autotomy 473
I4f Enrollment 475
I4g Spines and thorns 480
I4h Armor 481
I4i Belemnite swimming 481
I4j Puffer fish 481
14k Ant-mimic spiders 482
141 Trigonid bees 482
Summary 483
Chapter 15. Anuran Chromatophores 484
Chapter 16. Carrier Shells 488
Summary 492
Chapter 17. Pollination Ecology 494
Chapter 18. Plant Callus 496
Chapter 19. Social Insects 498
19a Stratigraphic ranges 498
19b Nest building 498
19c Workers carrying larvae and pupae 501
19d Fungus gardening ants 501
19e Coevolved mites 501
19f Ant group 502
19g Aphid and ant relation 502
19h Coevolved beetles and ants 503
19i Termite and ant wing shedding 503
19j Trophallaxis 503
19k Parasitic mites on ants 504
19l Ant copulation 504
19m Termite nasutes 504
19n Honeycomb 505
19o Ptiloceras–ant relationship 505
19p Wasp nest controversy 505
19q Loss of pupal cocoon-building capability in some ant taxa 506
19r Ant rubbish heaps 506
19s Slave-making by ants 506
19t Trigonid bees 506
Summary 508
Chapter 20. Bivalve Substrate Behavior 510
Summary 511
Chapter 21. Overgrowths 512
Summary 512
Chapter 22. Long-Range Migration 514
Chapter 23. Moulting 516
23a Trilobites 516
23b Decapods 522
23c Insects 523
23d Spiders 523
23e Lizard skin 524
Summary 524
Chapter 24. Bird Nests 526
Chapter 25. Fighting Birds 528
Chapter 26. Scallop Righting Behavior 530
Chapter 27. Sensitive Plants 532
Chapter 28. Juvenile – Adult Habitat Shift 534
28a Belemnites 534
28b The freshwater clupeid Knightia 534
28c Permian reptiles and amphibians 534
28d Larval amphibians 534
28e Salmonids 534
Chapter 29. Reptilian and Mammalian Burrows and Dens 536
Chapter 30. Vertebrate Endocranial Casts 538
30a Crocodilians 539
30b Pterodactyls and birds 539
30c Mammals 539
30d Hominid handedness 541
Chapter 31. Preening 542
Chapter 32. Rheotropism 544
Chapter 33. Coral Righting 546
Chapter 34. Grain-Size Selectors 548
34A Agglutinated foraminifera 548
34B Magnetite ballast grains in sand dollars ("weight belts") 548
34C Vertebrates 548
Chapter 35. Lateral Line Pressure Receptors 552
Conclusions 554
Introduction 554
1 Community evolution behavioral evidence 556
2 Behavioral and coevolutionary conclusions 585
3 Species evolution between families and within families 595
4 Correlates of rates of evolution 597
5 Classes of paleontologic data and rates of change 605
6 Neutralism and the fossil record 606
Summary 608
Questions 612
Appendix 614
References 620
Addendum 680
References & Communications Index
Index of Genera & Species
Subject Index 730