Audubon Wildlife Report 1987 (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Audubon Wildlife Report 1987 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 6
Foreword 9
Preface 11
Acknowledgments 15
Contents of Previous Volumes 17
Part One: The Featured Agency 21
Chapter 1. Bureau of Land Management 23
OVERVIEW 23
ORGANIZATION AND RESPONSIBILITIES 29
LAND-USE PLANNING 41
WILDLIFE AND FISH HABITAT MANAGEMENT 44
GRAZING MANAGEMEN 51
SOIL, WATER, AND AIR 62
SPECIAL MANAGEMENT AREAS 70
REFERENCES 77
Part Two: Federal Agencies and Programs 81
Chapter 2. Federal Grants for State Wildlife Conservation 83
OVERVIEW 83
CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS 84
LEGISLATION 97
LEGAL DEVELOPMENTS 100
REFERENCES 100
Chapter 3. Migratory Bird Protection and Management 103
OVERVIEW 103
CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS 106
LEGISLATION 118
LEGAL DEVELOPMENTS 123
REFERENCES 124
Chapter 4. Federal Inland Fisheries Management 127
OVERVIEW 127
CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS 129
LEGISLATION 136
LEGAL DEVELOPMENTS 145
REFERENCES 148
Chapter 5. Federal Marine Fisheries Management 151
OVERVIEW 151
CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS 153
LEGISLATION 162
REFERENCES 165
Chapter 6. The Federal Endangered Species Program 167
OVERVIEW 167
CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS 168
LEGISLATION 176
LEGAL DEVELOPMENTS 178
Chapter 7. Marine Mammal Protection 183
OVERVIEW 183
CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS 184
LEGISLATION 193
LEGAL DEVELOPMENTS 194
REFERENCES 196
Chapter 8. Federal Wetlands Protection Programs 199
OVERVIEW 199
CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS 200
LEGISLATION 213
LEGAL DEVELOPMENTS 213
REFERENCES 218
Chapter 9. Water Projects and Wildlife 221
OVERVIEW 221
CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS 223
LEGISLATIVE DEVELOPMENTS 234
LEGAL DEVELOPMENTS 240
REFERENCES 240
Chapter 10. The Federal Animal Damage Control Program 243
OVERVIEW 243
CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS 245
LEGISLATIVE DEVELOPMENTS 255
LEGAL DEVELOPMENTS 256
REFERENCES 256
Chapter 11. The National Wildlife Refuge System 259
OVERVIEW 259
CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS 261
LEGISLATION 279
LEGAL DEVELOPMENTS 281
REFERENCES 282
Chapter 12. Wildlife and the U.S. Forest Service 285
OVERVIEW 285
CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS 287
LEGISLATION 306
LEGAL DEVELOPMENTS 307
REFERENCES 308
Chapter 13. Wildlife and the National Park Service 311
OVERVIEW 311
CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS 312
LEGISLATIVE DEVELOPMENTS 322
LEGAL DEVELOPMENTS 323
REFERENCES 325
Chapter 14. International Wildlife Conservation 327
OVERVIEW 327
CURRENT DEVELOPMENTS 328
LEGISLATION 337
REFERENCES 339
Chapter 15. Federal Fish and Wildlife Agency Budgets 341
OVERVIEW 341
FISH AND WILDLIFE SERVICE 342
FOREST SERVICE 351
BUREAU OF LAND MANAGEMENT 359
NATIONAL PARK SERVICE 365
NATIONAL MARINE FISHERIES SERVICE 369
Part Three: Species Accounts 375
Chapter 16. The Walrus 377
SPECIES DESCRIPTION AND NATURAL HISTORY 377
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE SPECIES 380
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE 381
CURRENT TRENDS 382
MANAGEMENT 383
PROGNOSIS 384
RECOMMENDATIONS 384
REFERENCES 386
Chapter 17. The Mission Blue Butterfly 391
SPECIES DESCRIPTION AND NATURAL HISTORY 391
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE SPECIES 393
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE 394
CURRENT TRENDS 394
MANAGEMENT 395
PROGNOSIS 397
RECOMMENDATIONS 397
REFERENCES 398
Chapter 18. The Wood Duck 401
SPECIES DESCRIPTION AND NATURAL HISTORY 401
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE SPECIES 410
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE 411
CURRENT TRENDS 413
MANAGEMENT 414
PROGNOSIS 415
RECOMMENDATIONS 416
REFERENCES 417
Chapter 19. The Bobcat 419
SPECIES DESCRIPTION AND NATURAL HISTORY 419
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE SPECIES 422
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE AND CURRENT TRENDS 423
MANAGEMENT 424
PROGNOSIS 426
RECOMMENDATIONS 427
REFERENCES 427
Chapter 20. The Lynx 431
SPECIES DESCRIPTION AND NATURAL HISTORY 431
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE SPECIES 434
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE 435
CURRENT TKENDS 436
MANAGEMENT 437
PROGNOSIS 438
RECOMMENDATIONS 439
REFERENCES 440
Chapter 21. The Cui-ui 445
SPECIES DESCRIPTION AND NATURAL HISTORY 445
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE SPECIES 446
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE 447
CURRENT TRENDS 450
MANAGEMENT 452
PROGNOSIS 453
RECOMMENDATIONS 455
REFERENCES 456
Chapter 22. The Running Buffalo Clover 459
SPECIES DESCRIPTION AND TAXONOMY 459
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE SPECIES 460
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE 460
CURRENT TRENDS 462
MANAGEMENT 462
PROGNOSIS 463
RECOMMENDATIONS 464
REFERENCES 464
Chapter 23. The Black-Footed Ferret 467
SPECIES DESCRIPTION AND NATURAL HISTORY 467
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE SPECIES 470
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE 470
CURRENT TRENDS 471
MANAGEMENT 472
PROGNOSIS 473
RECOMMENDATIONS 473
REFERENCES 474
Chapter 24. The Southern Sea Otter 477
SPECIES DESCRIPTION AND NATURAL HISTORY 477
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE SPECIES 480
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE 482
MANAGEMENT 487
PROGNOSIS 491
RECOMMENDATIONS 491
REFERENCES 492
Chapter 25. The Red-Cockaded Woodpecker 499
SPECIES DESCRIPTION AND NATURAL HISTORY 499
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE SPECIES 503
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE 504
CURRENT TRENDS 507
MANAGEMENT 508
PROGNOSIS 509
RECOMMENDATIONS 510
REFERENCES 511
Chapter 26. The Elk 515
SPECIES DESCRIPTION AND NATURAL HISTORY 515
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE SPECIES 519
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE 520
CURRENT TRENDS 522
MANAGEMENT 522
PROGNOSIS 524
RECOMMENDATIONS 524
REFERENCES 525
Chapter 27. The Piping Plover 529
SPECIES DESCRIPTION AND NATURAL HISTORY 529
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE SPECIES 532
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE 532
CURRENT TRENDS 533
MANAGEMENT 535
PROGNOSIS 535
RECOMMENDATIONS 536
REFERENCES 537
Chapter 28. The Black Bear 541
SPECIES DESCRIPTION AND NATURAL HISTORY 541
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE SPECIES 543
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE 544
CURRENT TRENDS 544
MANAGEMENT 545
PROGNOSIS 546
RECOMMENDATIONS 547
REFERENCES 547
Chapter 29. The Rough-Leaved Loosestrife 551
SPECIES DESCRIPTION AND NATURAL HISTORY 551
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE SPECIES 552
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE 552
CURRENT TRENDS 553
MANAGEMENT 555
PROGNOSIS 555
RECOMMENDATIONS 555
REFERENCES 556
Chapter 30. The Paiute Trout 559
SPECIES DESCRIPTION AND NATURAL HISTORY 559
SIGNIFICANCE OF THE SPECIES 561
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE 561
CURRENT TRENDS 563
MANAGEMENT 564
PROGNOSIS 564
RECOMMENDATIONS 564
REFERENCES 565
Part Four: Appendices 567
APPENDIX A: Forest Service Directory 569
APPENDIX B: U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Directory 573
APPENDIX C: National Park Service Directory 578
APPENDIX D: Bureau of Land Management Directory 581
APPENDIX E: Wetlands Management Directory 583
APPENDIX F: National Marine Fisheries Service Directory 588
APPENDIX G: Budget Information Contacts on Federal Fishand Wildlife Programs 590
APPENDIX H: Congressional Contacts and Addresses 592
APPENDIX I: The Federal Endangered and Threatened Species List 596
APPENDIX J: The National Wildlife Refuge System Directory 624
APPENDIX K: Land and Water Conservation Fund: Appropriations by Agency, 1981—1987 635
APPENDIX L: The National Forest Plan Status Report and Appeals 648
APPENDIX M: Budget Histories of Agencies with Fish and Wildlife Habitat Management Responsibilities: FWS, BLM, USFS, NPS, NMFS 672
Index 695