Chlamydomonas Sourcebook (eBook)

Front Cover 1
The 
 
 
4 
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 8
Dedication 6
Preface 12
Acknowledgments 14
Chapter 1. An Overview of the Genus Chlamydomonas 16
Introduction 16
Description of the Genus 16
Chlamydomonas Genetics: 1830-1960 27
Origins of the Major Laboratory Strains of Chlamydomonas 29
Other Chlamydomonas Species Used Experimentally 37
Chapter 2. Culture and Storage Methods 40
Introduction 40
Culture Media for Chlamydomonas reinhardtii 40
Growing Chlamydomonas in Liquid Media 46
Cultures on Agar 55
Isolation of Chlamydomonas Species from Nature 65
Mailing Chlamydomonas Cultures 66
Storage of Chlamydomonas Strains 67
Chapter 3. Cell Architecture and Division 80
Introduction 80
Early Studies of Cell Architecture 80
The Cell Wall 82
The Nucleus 99
Mitochondria 101
Basal Bodies, Flagellar Roots, and Cellular Microtubules 103
The Eyespot 109
Vacuoles, Microbodies, and Other Cellular Inclusions 109
Mitosis 114
Meiosis 121
The Debate over Chromosome Number 124
Mutational Disruption of Cell Structure and Division 127
The Cell Cycle in Synchronous Cultures 128
Chapter 4. The Sexual Cycle 142
Introduction 142
Types of Sexual Reproduction within the Genus Chlamydomonas 142
Designation of Mating Types in Heterothallic Species 148
Sexual Incompatibility within the C. moewusii Group 151
Stages in the Reproductive Process 151
Perturbations of the Mating Process 182
Experimental Techniques for Mating Chlamydomonas 186
Tests for Mating Type 188
Quantitative Measurements of Mating 190
Vegetative Diploids 191
Chapter 5. Motility 192
Introduction 192
Flagellar Structure and Organization 192
Flagellar Assembly 208
Mutations Affecting Flagellar Structure and Function 214
The Mechanism of Flagellar Motion 217
Gliding Movement and Flagellar Surface Motility 222
Cell Behavior 223
Chapter 6. Metabolism 232
Introduction 232
Acetate Flagellates 232
Starch Degradation 237
Respiration 240
Nonspecific Phosphatases 249
Nitrogen Assimilation 250
Sulfur Metabolism 261
Vitamins and Cofactors 262
Physiological Ecology 264
Excretion of Metabolic Products into the Medium 266
Why So Few Auxotrophs? 267
Effects of Herbicides and Metabolic Inhibitors on Chlamydomonas 268
Chapter 7. Photosynthesis 274
Introduction 274
Photosynthesis and Chloroplast Structure 274
Chlorophyll Synthesis 301
Carotenoid Pigments 307
Other Pigment-Deficient Mutants 308
Chloroplast Development in the y-1 Mutant 310
Chapter 8. Organelle Heredity 314
Introduction 314
Inheritance of Chloroplast Genes in Crosses 314
Mutations That Alter Transmission of Chloroplast Genes 329
Genetic Mapping of Chloroplast Genes 329
Uniparental and Biparental Inheritance of Chloroplast Genes in Other Chlamydomonas Species 331
Chloroplast Genome Structure 332
Transcription and Translation of Chloroplast Genes 348
The Mitochondrial Genome 358
The Role of Mating Type in Organelle Gene Transmission 362
Chapter 9. Nucleic Acids and Protein Synthesis 366
Introduction 366
Chlamydomonas DNA: Characterization and Synthesis 366
Enzymes Involved in DNA Replication and Transcription 375
DNA Damage and Repair 379
Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis 390
Transcriptional and Translational Controls 406
Chapter 10. Genetic Analysis 414
Introduction 414
Techniques of Mutagenesis 414
Recovery of Mutants after Mutagenesis 423
Analysis of Mutations 434
Transformation 456
Chapter 11. Mutant Strains 462
Introduction 462
A Consistent Nomenclature for Chlamydomonas Mutants? 462
The Nuclear Gene Map of C. reinhardtii 464
Strategies for Mapping New Mutations 464
Nuclear Mutations Described in C. reinhardtii 476
Mutations in Chloroplast Genes 558
Mutants of C. moewusii and C. eugametos 576
Mutant Strains of Other Species in Major Culture Collections 588
Chapter 12. Procedures and Resources 590
Introduction 590
Preparation of Culture Media 590
Histological Techniques for Chlamydomonas 596
Fluorescence-Activated Cell Sorting 602
Cell Fractionation Techniques 605
Preparation of Chloroplast Fractions 613
Assays for Photosynthesis and Other Metabolic Functions 618
Preparation of Nucleic Acids 625
Techniques for Studying Protein Synthesis 632
Sources of Chlamydomonas Strains and Demonstration Materials 638
Student Laboratory Exercises Using Chlamydomonas 641
Doctoral Dissertations Relating to Chlamydomonas 649
Bibliography 658
Index to Algal Species 782
Subject Index 786