Mammalian Protein Metabolism (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Mammalian Protein Metabolism 5
Copyright Page 6
Table of Contents 13
List of Contributors 7
Preface 9
Preface to Volumes I and II 11
Contents of Other Volumes 17
PART IV: Protein Metabolism during Evolution and Development of Mammals 21
An Introduction to Protein Metabolism during the Evolution and Development of Mammals 23
I. Introduction 23
II. Origin of Life 24
Ill. Evolution of Species 31
REFERENCES 38
CHAPTER 24. Evolution of Protein Molecules 41
I. Introduction 42
II. Evolutionary Changes in Protein Structure 60
.II. Functional Differentiation of Proteins as a Result of Evolutionary Divergence 106
IV. Taxonomic Serology in the Study of Evolution 114
V. Statistical Procedures and Computer Techniques 117
VI. Conclusion 145
REFERENCES 146
CHAPTER 25. Evolution of Protein Metabolism in Mammals 153
I. Introduction 153
II. Evolution of Protein Metabolism in Animals 154
III. Species and Individual Differences in the Protein Metabolism of Mammals 164
IV. Effect of Species Size on the Protein Metabolism of Mammals 170
V. Conclusions 195
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 196
REFERENCES 196
CHAPTER 26. Protein Metabolism during Growth and Development 203
I. Introduction 203
II. Rate of Growth: Continuous or Discontinuous? 205
III. Dynamic Aspects of Protein Metabolism during Development 209
IV. The Influence of Diet on Development 239
V. Restatement of the Problem 246
REFERENCES 247
PART V: Technical Aspects of the Study of Protein Metabolism 255
A General Survey of Techniques Used in Studying Protein Metabolism in Whole Animals and Intact Cells 257
I. Introduction 257
II. Use of Isotopes in the Study of Protein Metabolism 258
III. Methods for Studying Protein Metabolism in Whole Animals and Man 262
IV. Methods for Studying Protein Metabolism in Isolated Tissues and Cells 271
V. Application of Cytochemical Techniques to Protein Metabolism 274
REFERENCES 279
CHAPTER 27. Application of Computers to the Study of Protein Metabolism 283
I. Introduction 284
II. General Description of Computers 286
III. Relevant Mathematical and Biological Backgrounds 295
IV. Compartmentation 299
V. Digital Simulation of Amino Acid Metabolism 304
VI. Protein Synthesis and Its Control Studied with Analog Computer Models 315
VII. Probable Future Developments 341
REFERENCES 342
CHAPTER 28. 
 
 
345 
I. Introduction 346
II. The Protein Content of the Whole Body and of Organs and Tissues 347
III. The Effect of Protein Depletion on the Distribution of Protein in Organs and Tissues 354
IV. Nitrogen Balance 361
V. The Value of Measurements on Blood and Urine for the Assessment of Protein Nutrition 367
VI. Measurement of Total Amino Acid or Nitrogen Turnover 380
VII. The Effect of Nutritional State on Plasma Albumin Turnover 399
VIII. General Conclusions 404
REFERENCES 405
CHAPTER 29. Methodology of Protein Evaluation 411
I. Introduction 411
II. Weight Gain Methods 412
III. Nitrogen Balance Methods 418
IV. Net Protein Utilization 419
V. Comparison of Nitrogen Utilization and Weight Gain Methods 420
VI. Chemical Scoring Methods 423
VII. Miscellaneous Methods 425
VIII. Availability of Amino Acids 426
IX. Supplementary Value of Proteins 429
X. Evaluation of Diets 431
XI. Significance of Amino Acid Requirements in Methods for Protein Evaluation 435
XII. Summary 436
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 437
REFERENCES 438
CHAPTER 30. Analysis of Tissues and Body Fluids for Nitrogenous Constituents 443
I. Introduction 444
II. Estimation of Total Nitrogen 444
III. Estimation of Protein 458
IV. Measurement of Nucleic Acids in Tissues 485
V. Measurement of Tissue Phospholipid Nitrogen 503
VI. Measurement of Nitrogen-Containing Small Molecules 505
VII. General Aspects of Tissue Analysis for Nitrogenous Constituents 513
REFERENCES 529
Author Index 547
Subject Index 579