Fish in Research (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Fish in Research 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 10
Invited Speakers 6
Preface 8
Welcoming Address 12
PART 1: TOPICS IN CANCER 14
CHAPTER 1. ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS OF NEOPLASIA IN FISHES 14
INTRODUCTION 14
HEPATOMA 15
THYROID HYPERPLASIA AND NEOPLASIA 16
EPIDERMAL PAPILLOMAS 17
MESENCHYMAL TUMORS OF GOLDFISH 19
SPINDLE CELL SARCOMAS OF PIKE-PERCH 19
MULTIPLE OSTEOMAS OF THE RED TAI 19
LYMPHOSARCOMAS OF ESOX 20
EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED CHORDOMAS IN EMBRYO TELEOSTS 20
UNDIFFERENTIATED SARCOMAS IN LEBISTES AND PRISTELLA 20
MELANOMAS OF SWORDTAIL–PLATYFISH HYBRIDS 21
MULTIPLE NERVE SHEATH TUMORS 21
TERATOMAS ASSOCIATED WITH ICHTHYOPHONUS INFESTATION 21
DISCUSSION 22
CONCLUSION 24
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 24
REFERENCES 24
COMMENTS 27
CHAPTER 2. EXPERIMENTAL FISH NEOPLASIA 34
INTRODUCTION 34
LYMPHOCYSTIS 35
MICROSPORIDIA 36
MELANOMA 36
SARCOMA 37
HEPATOMA 38
ECCHORDOMA 40
CATARACT 41
SUMMARY 41
REFERENCES 41
COMMENTS 43
CHAPTER 3. COMPARATIVE ASPECTS OF NEOPLASIA IN FISH AND OTHER LABORATORY ANIMALS 56
INTRODUCTION 56
EPIDERMAL NEOPLASMS 59
HEPATIC TUMORS 61
MELANOMA 62
THYROID TUMORS 63
LYMPHOSARCOMA 63
FIBROMA 64
NEURILEMMOMA AND NEUROFIBROMA 64
ADAMANTINOMA 65
OSTEOMA 66
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 66
REFERENCES 66
COMMENTS 69
CHAPTER 4. CONTROL OF CHOLESTEROL SYNTHESIS IN NORMAL AND MALIGNANT TISSUE 98
FEEDBACK CONTROL OF CHOLESTEROL SYNTHESIS IN NORMAL LIVER AND INTESTINE 98
FEEDBACK CONTROL IN HEP ATOMAS OF MAMMALS 102
DELETION OF THE CHOLESTEROL FEEDBACK SYSTEM IN LEUKEMIC CELLS 105
FEEDBACK DELETION IN PRECANCEROUS TISSUE 105
SUMMARY 110
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 110
REFERENCES 110
COMMENTS 112
PART 2: TOPICS IN METABOLISM 114
CHAPTER 5. THE BIOCHEMICAL ASPECTS OF SALT SECRETION 116
INTRODUCTION 116
METABOLIC ASPECTS: CATALYTIC PROCESSES ASSOCIATED WITH INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM WHICH ARE ALTERED BY EXTRACELLULAR SALT CONCENTRATIONS 117
STRUCTURAL ASPECTS: CHEMICAL PROCESSES ASSOCIATED WITH THE CELLULAR DISTRIBUTION OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPLEXES WHICH ARE AFFECTED BY HALOPHILIC BEHAVIOR 122
REPLICATIVE ASPECTS: CHEMICAL PROCESSES INVOLVED IN PERPETUATING THE CONTINUITY AND INTEGRITY OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPLEXES WITHIN THE CELLULAR FABRIC THAT ARE INFLUENCED BY HALOPHILISM 123
REFERENCES 123
COMMENTS 124
CHAPTER 6. STEROIDOGENESIS IN FISH 132
INTRODUCTION 132
WHY USE FISH AS EXPERIMENTAL ANIMALS? 132
11-HYDROXYLATION OF C-19 STEROIDS: A TRANSFORMATION BY NORMAL FISH GONADS 134
1a-HYDROXYCORTICOSTERONE: A STEROID THUS FAR UNIQUE TO ELASMOBRANCH FISH 135
PROTEIN-BINDING OF STEROIDS IN FISH BLOOD 137
THE STATUS OF ALDOSTERONE IN FISH BLOOD 137
REFERENCES 139
COMMENTS 141
CHAPTER 7. LIPID CATABOLISM IN FISH MUSCLE 146
INTRODUCTION 146
OXIDATION OF FATTY ACIDS BY FISH MUSCLE 147
LIPOLYTIC ACTIVITY IN FISH MUSCLE 150
RELEASE OF FREE FATTY ACIDS IN FISH IN VIVO 153
THE FUNCTION OF THE RED MUSCLE IN ENERGY METABOLISM IN FISH 154
FISH MUSCLE PHOSPHOLIPASES 156
REFERENCES 156
COMMENTS 160
CHAPTER 8. CONTRASTS BETWEEN FISH AND WARM BLOODED VERTEBRATES IN ENZYME SYSTEMS OF INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM 166
INTRODUCTION 167
TEMPERATURE ACCLIMATION OF FISH AND WARM BLOODED ANIMALS 167
ENZYMES INVOLVED IN INTERMEDIARY METABOLISM 169
REFERENCES 182
COMMENTS 185
PART 3: TOPICS IN GENETICS 186
CHAPTER 9. QUANTITATIVE INHERITANCE AND ENVIRONMENTAL RESPONSE OF RAINBOW TROUT 188
INTRODUCTION 188
FACTORS INFLUENCING A RESEARCH STOCK 189
CONSIDERATIONS AFFECTING POPULATION 190
OBSERVATIONS OF FOUR DOMESTIC LINES OF RAINBOW TROUT 190
SUMMARY 193
ACKNOWLEDGMENT 193
REFERENCES 193
COMMENTS 193
CHAPTER 10. BLOOD GROUPS IN SALMONID FISHES 196
INTRODUCTION 196
BLOOD-TYPING STUDIES ON SALMON AND TROUT 197
THE PRODUCTION OF ISOIMMUNE SERA IN RAINBOW TROUT 197
SEROLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF RAINBOW TROUT 199
EXTENT OF ANTIGENIC DIVERSITY IN SOCKEYE SALMON 199
THE B-SYSTEM OF BLOOD GROUPS IN SALMON AND TROUT 199
BLOOD GROUP FREQUENCY DIFFERENCES AMONG GEOGRAPHIC RACES OF SOCKEYE SALMON 200
OPPORTUNITIES FOR FURTHER RESEARCH 200
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 202
REFERENCES 202
CHAPTER 11. ONTOGENY OF LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE ISOZYMESIN TROUT 206
INTRODUCTION 206
PROBLEMS OF GENE EXPRESSION 207
LACTATE DEHYDROGENASE 207
GENETIC STUDIES USING SPLAKE TROUT 208
ONTOGENIC STUDIES USING LDH ISOZYMES 208
TOTAL LDH ACTIVITY IN HYBRIDS 211
REGULATION OF GENE OUTPUT 211
SUMMARY 212
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 212
REFERENCES 212
COMMENTS 213
PART 4: TOPICS IN NUTRITION 218
CHAPTER 12. VITAMIN REQUIREMENTS 220
INTRODUCTION 220
VITAMIN TEST DIETS 221
THIAMINE 223
RIBOFLAVIN 225
PYRIDOXINE 225
FOLIC ACID 226
ASCORBIC ACID 226
OTHER VITAMINS 228
REFERENCES 229
COMMENTS 231
CHAPTER 13. AMINO ACID AND PROTEIN REQUIREMENTS OF FISH 244
QUALITATIVE AMINO ACID REQUIREMENTS 244
QUANTITATIVE AMINO ACID REQUIREMENTS 246
BLOOD AMINO ACID LEVELS IN FISH 248
SUMMARY 249
REFERENCES 249
COMMENTS 250
CHAPTER 14. THE ROLE OF FATS 256
INTRODUCTION 256
COMPOSITION OF FISH OILS 257
BIO-TRANSFORMATIONS OF FATTY ACIDS IN FISH 257
ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS 259
GROWTH 259
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURES 261
SEMI-PURIFIED DIETS 262
PRACTICAL RATIONS 263
CONCLUSION 267
REFERENCES 267
COMMENTS 270
CHAPTER 15. NUTRITIONAL SCORE 274
INTRODUCTION 274
DIGESTIBILITY 275
CHEMICAL EVALUATION 286
UTILIZATION 289
DISCUSSION 298
REFERENCES 299
CHAPTER 16. INORGANIC SALT EFFECTS ON GROWTH, SALT WATER ADAPTION, AND GILL ATPase OF PACIFIC SALMON 304
INTRODUCTION 304
EXPERIMENTAL METHODS 305
EFFECT OF DIETARY SALT ON GROWTH 307
DIETARY SALT AND ADAPTION TO SEA WATER 309
DIETARY SALT AND ADENOSINETRIPHOSPHATASE ACTIVITY 309
DISCUSSION 313
CONCLUSIONS 315
REFERENCES 315
COMMENTS 316
PARTICIPANTS 318