Infant Nutrition (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Infant Nutrition: Its Physiological Basis 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 8
PREFACE 6
PART I: SOME ASPECTS OF TISSUE METABOLISM 10
CHAPTER I. SOME ASPECTS OF TISSUE METABOLISM 10
REFERENCES 14
PART II: FŒTAL NUTRITION 15
CHAPTER II. FŒTAL NUTRITION—GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 15
REFERENCES 17
CHAPTER III. FŒTAL NUTRITION—CARBOHYDRATE, PROTEIN, FAT, AND MINERALS 19
FACTORS AFFECTING PLACENTA PERMEABILITY 19
MATERNAL SUPPLY AND PLACENTAL TRANSMISSION OF INDIVIDUAL NUTRIENTS 21
REFERENCES 42
CHAPTER IV. FŒTAL NUTRITION—VITAMINS 49
VITAMIN A 49
THIAMINE 51
RIBOFLAVIN 55
NIACIN (NICOTINIC ACID) 56
ASCORBIC ACID 58
VITAMIN E 61
VITAMIN K 63
REFERENCES 67
CHAPTER V. FŒTAL NUTRITION—SUMMARY AND CLINICAL APPLICATION 72
REFERENCES 77
PART III: HUMAN MILK COW'S MILK
CHAPTER VI. THE CHEMICAL AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF HUMAN AND COW'S MILK 78
THE SECRETION OF HUMAN MILK 78
COLOSTRUM 82
THE CONSTITUTION AND CHEMICAL AND BIOLOGICAL PROPERTIES OF MILK 84
PROTEIN 85
FAT 94
LACTOSE 99
CALORIFIC VALUE 100
CALCIUM 102
PHOSPHORUS 107
MAGNESIUM 110
IRON 111
COPPER 112
IODINE 113
VITAMIN A 113
THIAMINE 117
RIBOFLAVIN 119
NICOTINIC ACID (NIACIN) 120
ASCORBIC ACID 121
VITAMIN D 123
VITAMIN K 124
ENZYMES IN HUMAN MILK 125
EXCRETION OF NICOTINE IN BREAST MILK 125
EXCRETION OF LAXATIVES IN MILK 125
EFFECT OF MENSTRUATION ON QUALITY OF THE MILK 126
PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MILK HYDROGEN-ION CONCENTRATION 126
FAT GLOBULES 127
THE COAGULATION OF MILK 128
SUMMARY AND CLINICAL APPLICATION 130
REFERENCES 134
PART IV: SOME ASPECTS OF THE PHYSIOLOGY OF THE INFANT 143
CHAPTER VII. DIGESTION IN THE YOUNG INFANT 143
SUCKING AND SWALLOWING 143
GASTRIC DIGESTION 145
THE SECRETION OF BILE 153
PANCREATIC DIGESTION 153
DIGESTION IN PREMATURE INFANTS 155
ABSORPTION OF NUTRIENTS 155
INTESTINAL FLORA 161
SUMMARY AND CLINICAL APPLICATIONS 162
REFERENCES 163
CHAPTER VIII. WATER METABOLISM 167
THE KIDNEY 168
PULMONARY 172
ALIMENTARY CANAL 173
SUMMARY OF WATER OUTPUT 174
WATER INTAKE 174
THE PHYSIOLOGICAL WEIGHT LOSS OF THE NEO-NATAL PERIOD 175
CLINICAL APPLICATION 176
REFERENCES 177
PART V: CALORIE AND NUTRIENT REQUIREMENTS OF INFANTS AND CHILDREN 179
CHAPTER IX. ENERGY REQUIREMENTS 179
ALLOWANCE FOR GROWTH 184
ALLOWANCES FOR LOSSES IN THE FÆCES 185
CALCULATION OF CALORIE REQUIREMENT 186
CONFIRMATION OF CALORIE REQUIREMENT FIGURES 186
CLINICAL APPLICATION 187
REFERENCES 188
CHAPTER X. REQUIREMENTS OF NUTRIENTS PROTEIN 190
CARBOHYDRATE AND FAT 195
MINERALS AND VITAMINS 197
CALCIUM 198
PHOSPHORUS 203
IRON 203
OTHER MINERALS 206
VITAMIN A 206
VITAMIN D 207
VITAMIN K 210
VITAMIN E 210
THIAMINE 210
ASCORBIC ACID 211
REFERENCES 212
PART VI: THE APPLICATION OF THE PRINCIPLES TO INFANT FEEDING 216
CHAPTER XI. THE APPLICATION OF THE PRINCIPLES 216
I. THE NORMAL BREAST-FED INFANT 216
II. THE NORMAL ARTIFICIALLY FED INFANT 222
III. THE PREMATURE INFANT 229
REFERENCES 235
CHAPTER XII. DISTURBANCES OF METABOLISM OF DIETETIC ORIGIN 237
1. STARVATION OR UNDER-NUTRITION 238
2. PROTEIN DEFICIENCY 240
3. DEHYDRATION 242
4. THIAMINE DEFICIENCY 242
5. ASCORBIC-ACID DEFICIENCY 244
6. DEFECTIVE CALCIFICATION OF NEW BONE 246
7. IRON DEFICIENCY 247
8. FAT INTOLERANCE 248
REFERENCES 249
INDEX 250