Marine Auxiliary Machinery (eBook)

Front Cover 1
Marine Auxiliary Machinery 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 6
Preface 8
Acknowledgements 10
Chapter 1. Main propulsion services and heat exchangers 12
Circulating systems for motorships 12
Control of temperature in heat exchangers 14
Shell and tube coolers 15
Plate type heat exchangers 17
Titanium 19
Charge air coolers 19
Maintenance of heat exchangers 20
Venting and draining 20
Heat exchange theory 22
Central cooling system 25
Scoop arrangement for a motor ship 27
Circulating systems for steamships 27
Closed feed system and feed heating 28
The condenser 29
The regenerative condenser 31
The feed system and feed heating 32
Steam-jet air ejector 33
Horizontal single element two stage air ejector 33
Nash rotary liquid ring pumps 35
Condensate extraction pump 36
Feed water heaters 37
Surface feed heaters 37
De-aerators 39
Cascade trays 40
Devaporizers 42
Weir multi stage turbo-feed pump 43
Pressure governor 43
Safety (overspeed) trip 46
Turbine driven oil-lubricated pump 47
Hydraulic balance mechanism 47
Weir electro-feeder 49
Further reading 50
Chapter 2. Machinery service systems and equipment 51
Air compressors and systems 51
Operation and maintenance 56
Compressed air systems for steamships 61
Fuel handling and treatment 62
Ancillary fuel equipment 77
Homogenizer 79
Lubricating oil and treatment 85
Further reading 88
Chapter 3. Ship service systems 89
Bilge systems and oily/water separators 89
Ballast arrangements 100
Domestic water systems 103
Water production 104
Sewage systems 117
Bio-chemical oxygen demand 118
Further reading 122
Chapter 4. Valves and pipelines 123
Materials–corrosion–erosion 123
Copper 124
Stainless steel 125
Strength of materials 126
Expansion arrangements 127
Further reading 148
Chapter 5. Pumps and pumping 150
General pumping system characteristics 150
Pump power 152
Types of pump 156
Power 178
Shaft sealing 181
Metering pumps 184
Further reading 186
Chapter 6. Tanker and gas carrier cargo pumps and systems 187
Oil tankers (crude oil) 187
Cargo pumping 187
Vac-strip system 190
High velocity vents 193
Pressure/vacuum valves 195
Safety 198
Chemical tankers 207
Stripping system 213
Liquefied gas carriers 214
Deepwell pumps 221
Further reading 223
Chapter 7. Auxiliary power 225
Medium speed auxiliary diesel engines 226
Turbochargers 230
Operation 233
Caterpillar engine fuel system 237
UMS operation 241
Exhaust gas boilers 243
Auxiliary steam turbines 243
Governing 248
Speed-governing system 248
Overspeed trip 249
Back-pressure trip 251
Back-pressure turbines 252
Vertical steam turbines 253
Further reading 254
Chapter 8. The propeller shaft 256
Establishing the shaft centre line 256
Deviation while building 256
Alignment deviation in service 257
Fair curve alignment 258
Shaft checks 258
Strain gauges 260
Change of engine position 260
Shaft bearings 260
Plain bearings 260
Tilting pad bearings 262
Roller bearings 263
Thrust blocks 265
Thrust block position 265
Thrust block support 265
Thrust pads 266
Shaft materials and couplings 266
Coupling bolts 267
Muff coupling 269
Stern tubes 271
Sea-water lubricated stern tube bearings 271
Inspection of sea-water lubricated stern tubes and tailshaft 272
Oil-lubricated stern tubes 274
Simplex type stern tube 274
Split stern bearings 276
Glacier-Herbert stern bearing 276
Ross-Turnbull split bearing 277
Stern tube sealing arrangements 277
Lip seals 279
Radial face seal 280
Lubrication systems 281
Hydrodynamic or hydrostatic lubrication 282
Fixed pitch propellers 282
Methods of mounting propellers 283
Keyed propellers 283
Pilgrim nut method 284
The SKF system 285
Controllable pitch propellers 288
Gears and clutches 290
Reverse reduction gearbox 292
Flexible couplings 293
Air operated clutches 294
Axial air operated clutch 295
Emergency operation 296
Further reading 296
Chapter 9. Steering gears 297
Rudder carrier bearing 297
Ram type hydraulic steering gear 299
Variable delivery pumps 301
The radial cylinder (or Hele-Shaw) pump 301
Non-reverse locking gear 303
The swash plate axial cylinder pump 304
Hydraulic telemotor 305
Variations of the hunting gear floating lever 306
Detailed description of two ram gear hydraulic system 310
Enclosed hunting gear 312
Detailed description of four ram gear hydraulic system 313
Later modifications 317
Vane type gear 318
Steering gear with constant output pump 321
Small hand and power gears 321
Steering gear failures and safeguards 323
Steering gear testing 324
Further reading 324
Chapter 10. Bow thrusters, stabilizers and stabilizing systems 325
Bow thrusters 325
The White Gill type thruster 328
Stabilizers and stabilizing systems 329
Tank stabilizers 340
Further reading 343
Chapter 11. Refrigeration 344
Vapour compression cycle 344
Choice of refrigerant 346
Replacement refrigerants 347
R717 ammonia 348
R744 carbon dioxide 350
System components 352
Pressure gauges 352
Reciprocating compressors 352
Shaft seal 355
Screw compressors 358
Hermetic compressors 360
Condensers 360
Evaporators 361
Expansion valves 362
Manually operated expansion valves 362
Automatic expansion valves 362
Thermostatic expansion valves 363
Low pressure float controls 364
High pressure float valves 364
Capillary tube control 365
High pressure cut-out 366
Room temperature control 366
Driers 369
Chamber cooling arrangements 370
Brine battery and air 371
Defrosting 375
Further reading 378
Chapter 12. Heating, ventilation and air conditioning 379
Legionella bacteria 379
Basic standards 380
Cooling load 383
Evaluation of heating and cooling loads and air quantities 387
Types of air conditioning systems 388
Self contained air conditioner 389
Conversion units 391
The central unit 392
Air distribution 392
High velocity distribution 392
Duct insulation 394
Typical specification for air conditioning installation in a tanker or bulk carrier 396
Installation serving the engine control room 400
Installation serving the cargo pump room 402
Further reading 402
Chapter 13. Deck machinery and cargo equipment 403
Electric drives 404
Hydraulic systems 407
Deterioration of hydraulic oils 407
Systems and components 408
Constant delivery pump systems 409
Unit type of circuit 409
Variable displacement pump systems 410
System design 411
Anchor handling 411
Winch windlasses 412
Control of windlasses 413
Mooring equipment 416
Cargo handling 417
Cargo access 423
Maintenance 426
Hydraulic systems 428
Chapter 14. Fire protection 429
Air supply 429
Fire main 429
Fire pumps 431
Emergency fire pump 431
Hoses and nozzles 433
Machinery space systems 435
Detectors for unmanned machinery spaces 436
Obscuration type smoke detectors 438
Flame detectors 438
Detection system 439
Mechanical foam systems 451
Accommodation 456
Dry cargo holds 461
C02 cargo space system with smoke detection 461
Portable fire extinguishers 462
Soda-acid extinguisher 462
Carbon dioxide and water extinguisher 463
Chemical foam extinguisher 464
Mechanical foam extinguisher 465
Dry powder extinguisher 465
Carbon dioxide extinguisher 466
Portable halon extinguisher 467
Further reading 467
Chapter 15. Safety and safety equipment 469
Closed spaces 469
Marine safety card 470
Gas analysis 470
Oxygen analyser 470
Oil tankers 471
Combustible gas indicators 472
Explosimeter 473
Threshold limit value 474
Cargo tanks 475
Pumprooms 475
Cofferdams 475
Chemical tankers 475
Chemical stain tubes 476
General precautions 476
Gas free certificate 477
Breathing apparatus 477
Emergency generating sets 478
Emergency bilge pumps for passenger ships 478
Power operated water tight doors 479
Local control 481
Bridge control 481
Emergency control 481
Light indication 481
Lifeboat davits 482
Lifeboat engines 483
Hydraulic cranking system 483
Whistles and sirens 485
Electric whistles 489
Further reading 489
Chapter 16. Control and instrumentation 491
Low pressure d.c. system 491
Instrument and control air 492
Control system 492
Measurement of process conditions 492
Electrical transducers 493
Temperature measurement 493
Pressures 494
Measurement of liquid levels 494
Flow measurement 495
Torque measurement 496
The Torductor torque transducer 496
The Torductor tachometer 497
Pneumatic control systems 499
Two-term controller 501
Three-term controllers 501
The transmitter 502
Temperature transmitter 504
Electronic transmitters 505
Control valves 506
Valve types 506
Valve selection and sizing 507
Alarm systems and data loggers 509
Primary measurements 509
Signal selection 510
Signal processing 510
Control of output units 511
Parallel entry instrumentation systems 512
Special instruments 512
Bridge control for diesel engines 512
Boiler control systems 513
Semi-automatic systems 514
Controls for generators 514
Diesel generators 515
Turbo-generators 515
Computers 516
Further reading 516
Index 518