Laboratory Guide to Frog Anatomy (eBook)

Front Cover 1
A Laboratory Guide to Frog Anatomy 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 8
Dedication 6
Preface 10
Introductory Remarks 12
A. GENERAL 12
B. DIRECTIONAL TERMS 13
CHAPTER 1. Major External Features 16
CHAPTER 2. Skeletal System 18
A. SKULL 18
B. VISCERAL SKELETON 20
C. POSTCRANIAL AXIAL SKELETON 21
D. APPENDICULAR SKELETON: PECTORAL GIRDLE AND FORELIMB 22
E. APPENDICULAR SKELETON: PELVIC GIRDLE AND HIND LIMB 24
CHAPTER 3. Muscular System 30
INTRODUCTION 30
A. MUSCLES AND THEIR STRUCTURE 30
B. TERMS OF MOVEMENT 31
C. THE USE OF "LEVELS" 32
LABORATORY EXERCISES 33
D. MUSCLE TISSUES 33
.. HOW TO DISSECT MUSCLES 34
F. MUSCLES OF THE SPINAL COLUMN, TRUNK, AND ABDOMINAL WALL 34
G. MUSCLES OF THE HEAD REGION 39
H. MUSCLES OF THE SHOULDER GIRDLE AND FORELIMB 43
I. MUSCLES OF THE PELVIC GIRDLE AND HIND LIMB 50
J. A CLASSIFICATION OF THE MUSCLES 71
CHAPTER 4. Major Internal Features 72
A. ORAL CAVITY 72
B. GENERAL BODY CAVITY 73
C. VISCERA 75
D. MICROSCOPIC SLIDES 76
CHAPTER 5. Circulatory System 80
A. HEART 81
B. ARTERIES 81
C. VEINS 84
CHAPTER 6. Urogenital System 90
A. URINARY OR EXCRETORY SYSTEM 90
B. REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM 90
CHAPTER 7. Nervous System 94
CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 94
A. BRAIN 94
B. SPINAL CORD 96
PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM 96
C. CRANIAL NERVES 96
D. SPINAL NERVES 97
E. AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM 99
F. SPECIAL SENSE ORGANS 99
For Further Reading 104
Index 106