Front Cover 1
Fish Immunology 4
Copyright Page 5
Table of Contents 6
CONTRIBUTORS 9
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 13
CHAPTER 1. FISH IMMUNOLOGY AND FISH HEALTH 15
I. INTRODUCTION 15
II. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN AND RESULTS 15
III. VACCINATION 17
IV. DEVELOPMENT AND TOLERANCE 17
V. CONCLUSIONS 20
VI. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS 20
REFERENCES 20
CHAPTER 2. SPECIALISATION IN THE TELEOST AND ANURAN IMMUNE RESPONSE: A COMPARATIVE CRITIQUE 23
I. INTRODUCTION 23
II. CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY 25
III. ANTIBODY-MEDIATED IMMUNITY 31
IV. OTHER IMMUNE AND RELATED PHENOMENA 32
V. CONCLUSIONS 34
REFERENCES 36
CHAPTER 3. PHAGOCYTOSIS IN FISH 43
I. INTRODUCTION 43
ONTOGENY OF PHAGOCYTES 43
CELLS DISPLAYING PHAGOCYTOSIS 44
PHAGOCYTOSIS 46
KINETICS OF PARTICLE CLEARANCE 49
ORGAN LOCALISATION OF ANTIGENIC MATERIAL 51
STRESS AND ENDOTOXIN EFFECT ON PHAGOCYTOSIS 52
REFERENCES 55
CHAPTER 4. AN IN VITRO STUDY OF POLYMORPHONUCLEAR PHAGOCYTOSIS AND THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE 61
I. INTRODUCTION 61
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS 61
III. RESULTS 64
IV. DISCUSSION 64
REFERENCES 68
CHAPTER 5. STUDIES ON GRANULOCYTE HETEROGENEITY IN ELASMOBRANCHS 71
I. INTRODUCTION 71
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS 72
III. RESULTS 74
IV. DISCUSSION 80
REFERENCES 82
CHAPTER 6. PHAGOCYTIC CELLS IN THE DOGFISH (SCYLIORHINUS CANICULA L.) 85
REFERENCES 97
CHAPTER 7. THE MELANO-MACROPHAGE CENTRES OF FISH: A REVIEW 99
INTRODUCTION AND BRIEF REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE 99
THE PIGMENTS 100
THE PIGMENT-CARRYING CELLS 102
ONTOGENIC AND PHYLOGENETIC CONSIDERATIONS 103
WHY SO MUCH PIGMENT? 105
THE POSSIBLE ROLE OF MELANIN IN MELANO-MACROPHAGE CELLS 107
THE ROLE OF MELANO-MACROPHAGES IN HAEMOSIDERIN RECYCLING 108
FUNCTIONAL DIVERSITY AMONG MELANO-MACROPHAGES IN DIFFERENT ORGANS 109
FACTORS AFFECTING ABUNDANCE OF MELANO-MACROPHAGE CENTRES 111
CONCLUDING REMARKS 111
REFERENCES 113
CHAPTER 8. FISH SERUM PRECIPITINS TO AEROMONAS SALMONICIDA EXOTOXINS AND PROTEASE-LIPOPROTEIN REACTIONS: A CRITICAL APPRAISAL 121
I. INTRODUCTION 121
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS 122
III. RESULTS 124
IV. DISCUSSION 131
REFERENCES 134
CHAPTER 9. SERUM PRECIPITINS OF THE ATLANTIC SALMON SALMO SALAR, AND THEIR POSSIBLE ROLE IN IMMUNOLOGICAL DEFENCE 137
I. INTRODUCTION 137
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS 138
III. RESULTS 140
IV. DISCUSSION 142
REFERENCES 144
CHAPTER 10. NON-IMMUNOGLOBULIN HUMORAL DEFENCE MECHANISMS IN FISH 147
I. ANTI-GROWTH SUBSTANCES 148
II. ANTI-ENZYME 149
III. SUBSTANCES WHICH CAUSE LYSIS 149
IV. AGGLUTININ, PRECIPITINS AND OPSONINS 151
REFERENCES 153
CHAPTER 11. SEQUENTIAL ANTIGENIC COMPETITION IN TELEOSTS: A BACTERIOPHAGE-AEROMONAS SALMONICIDA INTERACTION 155
I. INTRODUCTION 155
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS 156
III. RESULTS 159
IV. DISCUSSION 163
REFERENCES 168
CHAPTER 12. THE IMMUNE RESPONSE OF BROWN TROUT, SALMO TRUTTA TO SHEEP AND HUMAN 'O' ERYTHROCYTES 171
I. INTRODUCTION 171
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS 172
III. RESULTS 174
IV. DISCUSSION 180
REFERENCES 182
CHAPTER 13. ABSENCE OF ANAMNESTIC ANTIBODY RESPONSE TO DNP-HAEMOCYANIN AND DNP-FICOLL IN RAINBOW TROUT 185
I. INTRODUCTION 185
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS 187
III. RESULTS 189
IV. DISCUSSION 192
REFERENCES 195
CHAPTER 14. ORAL IMMUNISATION AGAINST FURUNCULOSIS: AN EVALUATION OF TWO FIELD TRIALS 199
I. INTRODUCTION 199
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS 201
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 204
REFERENCES 206
CHAPTER 15. AN INVESTIGATION OF THE SKIN OF RAINBOW TROUT, SALMO GAIRDNERI RICHARDSON, FOR ANTIGEN UPTAKE MECHANISMS FOLLOWING SPRAY VACCINATION 209
I. INTRODUCTION 209
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS 210
III. RESULTS 213
IV. DISCUSSION 216
REFERENCES 218
CHAPTER 16. NATURAL AND ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY IN MARINE TELEOSTS TO BACTERIAL ISOLATES FROM SEWAGE SLUDGE 221
I. INTRODUCTION 221
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS 222
III. RESULTS 223
IV. DISCUSSION 231
REFERENCES 233
CHAPTER 17. FACTORS INFLUENCING THE EFFICACY OF VACCINES AGAINST VIBRIOSIS CAUSED BY VIBRIO ANGUILLARUM 235
I. INTRODUCTION 235
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS 236
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION 237
REFERENCES 242
CHAPTER 18. BATH VACCINATION AND DEVELOPMENT OF IMMUNOLOGICAL MEMORY IN CARP (CYPRINUS CARPIO L.) 245
REFERENCES 246
CHAPTER 19. MATERNAL EFFECTS AND RESISTANCE TO INFECTION BY ICHTHYOPHTHIRIUS MULTIFILIIS IN XIPHOPHORUS MACULATUS 247
I. INTRODUCTION 247
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS 249
III. RESULTS 250
IV. DISCUSSION 255
REFERENCES 257
CHAPTER 20. THE SEPARATION AND CULTIVATION OF FISH LYMPHOCYTES 259
I. INTRODUCTION 259
II. METHODS 259
III. RESULTS 262
IV. DISCUSSION 264
V. CONCLUSIONS 272
REFERENCES 272
CHAPTER 21. DO FISH HAVE INTERLEUKINS? 275
REFERENCES 276
CHAPTER 22. SUPPRESSION BY CORTISOL OF THE MITOGEN-INDUCED PROLIFERATION OF PERIPHERAL BLOOD LEUCOCYTES FROM PLAICE, PLEURONECTES PLATESSA L 277
I. INTRODUCTION 277
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS 278
III. RESULTS 280
IV. DISCUSSION 280
REFERENCES 284
CHAPTER 23. LAMPREY MELANO-MACROPHAGES: STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION 287
INTRODUCTION 287
DISTRIBUTION AND MORPHOLOGY OF LAMPREY MELANO-MACROPHAGES 288
FUNCTIONS OF LAMPREY MELANO-MACROPHAGES 291
REFERENCES 297
CHAPTER 24. EVOLUTION OF THE THYMUS IN RAINBOW TROUT 299
I. INTRODUCTION 299
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS 299
III. RESULTS 300
IV. DISCUSSION 304
REFERENCES 306
CHAPTER 25. THE THYMUS OF THE ANGLER FISH, LOPHIUS PISCATORIUS (PISCES: TELEOSTEI) A LIGHT AND ELECTRON MICROSCOPIC STUDY 307
I. INTRODUCTION 307
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS 307
III. RESULTS 308
IV. DISCUSSION 320
REFERENCES 322
CHAPTER 26. ANTIBODY RESPONSES OF YOUNG CARP, CYPRINUS CARPIO, AND GREY MULLET, CHELON LABROSUS, IMMUNIZED WITH SOLUBLE ANTIGEN BY VARIOUS ROUTES 327
I. INTRODUCTION 327
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS 329
III. RESULTS 330
IV. DISCUSSION 336
REFERENCES 337
CHAPTER 27. THE ONTOGENY OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM IN THE VIVIPAROUS TELEOST ZOARCES VIVIPARUS L 341
I. INTRODUCTION 341
II. METHODS 341
III. RESULTS 343
IV. DISCUSSION 348
REFERENCES 353
CHAPTER 28. EXPERIMENTALLY INDUCED IMMUNE REACTIONS TO GONAD IN RAINBOW TROUT (SALMO GAIRDNERI) 357
I. INTRODUCTION 357
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS 358
III. RESULTS 359
IV. DISCUSSION 365
REFERENCES 368
CHAPTER 29. IMMUNOSUPPRESSION AND IMMUNOLOGICAL TOLERANCE IN CARP 371
I. INTRODUCTION 371
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS 373
III. RESULTS 374
IV. DISCUSSION 377
REFERENCES 380
CHAPTER 3. CONCLUDING REMARKS 383
INDEX 385