Available Means

This volume, which offers 70 female rhetoricians, is designed as a classroom text that will allow students to hear women speaking to each other across centuries, and to see how women have added new places from which arguments can be made.

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Sappho's prediction came true; fragments of work by the earliest woman writer in Western literate history have in fact survived into the 21st century. But not without peril. Sappho's writing remains only in fragments, partly due to the passage of time, but mostly as a result of systematic efforts to silence women's voices. Sappho's hopeful boast captures the mission of this anthology: to gather together women engaged in the art of persuasion - across differences of race, class, sexual orientation, historical and physical locations - in order to remember that the rhetorical tradition indeed includes them. This book offers 70 women rhetoricians - from ancient Greece to the 21st century - a room of their own for the first time. Editors Joy Ritchie and Kate Ronald do so in the feminist tradition of recovering a previously unarticulated canon of women's rhetoric. Women whose voices are central to such scholarship are included here, such as Aspasia (a contemporary of Plato's), Margery Kempe, Margaret Fuller and Ida B. Wells. Added are influential works on what it means to write as a woman - by Virginia Woolf, Adrienne Rich, Nancy Mairs, Alice Walker and Helene Cixous.
Public "manifestos" on the rights of women by Hortensia, Mary Astell, Maria Stewart, Sarah and Angelina Grimke, Anna Julia Cooper, Margaret Sanger and Audre Lorde also join the discourse. But "Available Means" searches for rhetorical tradition in less obvious places, too. Letters, journals, speeches, newspaper columns, diaries, meditations and a fable (Rachel Carson's introduction to "Silent Spring") also find places in this room. Such unconventional documents challenge traditional notions of invention, arrangement, style and delivery, and blur the boundaries between public and private discourse. Included, too, are writers whose voices have not been heard in any tradition. Ritchie and Ronald seek to "unsettle" as they expand the women's rhetorical canon. Arranged chronologically, "Available Means" is designed as a classroom text that will allow students to hear women speaking to each other across centuries, and to see how women have added new places from which arguments can be made. Each selection is accompanied by an extensive headnote, which sets the reading in context. The breadth of material will allow students to ask such questions as "How might we define women's rhetoric?
How have women used and subverted traditional rhetoric?".