Rural Psychology

1 Ruralness as a Psychological Construct.- Definitions of Rural.- Rural Values and Attitudes.- Manning Theory.- Isolation.- The Contents of This Volume.- References.- 2 Characteristics of Rural America.- Demographic Characteristics.- Rural Social Institutions.- Rural Social Organization.- Conclusions.- References.- 3 Interaction in Rural Families.- Characteristics of Rural Families.- Implications of Findings.- Conclusions.- References.- 4 Cross-Cultural Research in Psychological Development in Rural Communities.- Cross-Cultural Findings on Rural-Urban Differences in Cognitive Growth.- Another View of Rural-Urban Differences.- Conclusions.- References.- 5 Issues of Linguistic Development in Rural Subcultures in the United States.- The Basis of Difference.- Language Learning and Rural Subcultures.- Institutionalized Discontinuity.- Conclusion.- References.- 6 Is there a Psychology of the Rural Aged?.- What Is Rural? Who Are the Rural Aged?.- Deficiencies in Definitions of Rural Aged.- Differences between Rural and Nonrural Aged.- Independence, Dependence, and Isolation.- Need for and Availability of Services.- How They See It.- Loneliness.- Is Rurality An Important Variable?.- Environments and Adaptations.- Understanding the Rural Aging.- References.- 7 Environmental Perception and Cognition in Rural Contexts.- Spatial Cognition.- Perception of Natural Hazards.- Scenic Quality Analysis.- Concluding Remarks.- References.- 8 Locus of Control and the Rural Experience.- The Locus of Control Construct and Its Cognates.- The Shaping of Causal Expectancies and Their Ramifications.- Rural and Urban Settings.- Research on Locus of Control and Rural Life.- Conclusion.- References.- 9 Social Psychology and Religious Fundamentalism.- The Grounding of Fundamentalism.- Historical Considerations.- Where Are the Fundamentalists?.- Church Attendance and Religiosity.- Education and Religiosity.- Blessed Are the Poor?.- Liberalizing Factors.- Compassion and Prejudice.- Association Patterns.- Fundamentalism: Old or New?.- References.- 10 The Quality of Life in Rural and Urban America.- Subjective Indicators of Rural and Urban Quality of Life.- Objective Indicators of Rural and Urban Quality of Life.- Conclusions.- References.- 11 Needs Assessments in Rural Areas: Issues and Problems.- Needs-Assessment Techniques.- Needs Assessments in Rural Areas.- Problems in Rural Needs Assessments.- Conclusion.- References.- 12 Problems in Program Development and the Development of Alternatives.- Overview.- Background.- The Person.- The Situation.- The Interactive Process.- The Development of Alternatives.- Implications for Future Directions.- Some Concluding Thoughts.- References.- 13 Models of Service Delivery.- Issues in Rural Service Delivery.- The Models.- Individual and Community Change.- References.- 14 Child Abuse: a Review with Special Focus on an Ecological Approach in Rural Communities.- Definitions of Child Abuse.- Child Abuse as a Psychiatric Problem.- Child Abuse as a Sociological Problem.- Child Abuse as an Ecological Problem.- Conclusion.- References.- 15 Home-Based Early Intervention.- Rationale.- The AEL Experiment.- Characteristics of Rural Appalachians.- HOPE: An Early Intervention Strategy.- Immediate Program Effects.- Enduring Program Effects: Long-Term Follow-Up.- Replication Phase and Kindergarten Comparison.- References.- 16 Community Psychology and Rural Legal Systems.- Problems of Rural Judicial Administration.- Summary.- Patterns of Rural Crime.- Dispute Processing in Rural Communities.- Legal Socialization in Rural Communities.- Summary.- References.- 17 The Energy Crisis and Behavioral Science: a Conceptual Framework for Large-Scale Intervention.- Why is Energy a Topic for Rural Psychology?.- An Interdisciplinary Large-Scale Framework.- Why Behavioral Science?.- A Framework for Organizing Community Action.- References.- 18 Epilogue: Some Research Questions.- Methodological and Conceptual Issues.- Specific Areas of Research.- Rural Psychology and Social Change.- Why a Rural Psychology?.- References.