New Interpretations of Ape and Human Ancestry

I. Paleontological and Geological Background.- 1 Overview of Ape and Human Ancestry: Phyletic Relationships of Miocene and Later Hominoidea.- 2 Geochronology and Zoogeographic Relationships of Miocene Hominoidea..- II. Evidence from Molecular Biology and Comparative Anatomy.- 3 The Bearing of Molecular Data on the Cladogenesis and Times of Divergence of Hominoid Lineages.- 4 A Model of Chromosome Evolution and Its Bearing on Cladogenesis in the Hominoidea.- 5 Apes, Humans, and Molecular Clocks: A Reappraisal.- 6 Cladistics and the Classification of the Great Apes.- III. Evidence from Craniodental Morphology.- 7 New Interpretations of the Phyletic Position of Oligocene Hominoids.- 8 Maxillofacial Morphology of Miocene Hominoids from Africa and Indo-Pakistan.- 9 A Reconsideration of the Endocast of Proconsul africanus: Implications for Primate Brain Evolution.- 10 The Enamel of Neogene Hominoids: Structural and Phyletic Implications.- IV. Evidence from Postcranial Morphology.- 11 Locomotor Adaptations of Oligocene and Miocene Hominoids and Their Phyletic Implications.- 12 New Postcranial Fossils of Proconsul africanus and Proconsul nyanzae.- 13 The Wrist of Proconsul africanus and the Origin of Hominoid Postcranial Adaptations.- 14 Miocene Hominoid Discoveries from Rudabánya: Implications from the Postcranial Skeleton.- 15 Miocene Hominoid Postcranial Morphology: Monkey-like, Ape-like, Neither, or Both?.- V. Evidence from Paleoenvironmental Studies.- 16 Sequence and Environments of the Lower and Middle Miocene Hominoids of Western Kenya.- 17 The Natural History of Sivapithecus.- 18 Facts and Fallacies Concerning Miocene Ape Habitats.- VI. Descriptive Analyses of Siwalik Miocene Hominoids.- 19 The Significance of Hitherto Undescribed Miocene Hominoids from the Siwaliks ofPakistan in the Senckenberg Museum, Frankfurt.- 20 Miocene Hominoid Primate Dental Remains from the Siwaliks of Pakistan.- 21 Significance of Recent Hominoid Discoveries from the Siwalik Hills of India.- 22 Historical Notes on the Geology, Dating and Systematics of the Miocene Hominoids of India.- VII. Assessments of the Mio-Pliocene Evidence.- 23 A Reassessment of the Relationship between Later Miocene and Subsequent Hominoidea.- 24 Phyletic Relationships of Miocene Hominoids and Higher Primate Classification.- 25 Ramapithecus and Human Origins: An Anthropologist’s Perspective of Changing Interpretations.- 26 Ramapithecus and Pan paniscus: Significance for Human Origins.- 27 Toward the Resolution of Discrepancies between Phenetic and Paleontological Data Bearing on the Question of Human Origins.- 28 Morphological Trends and Phylogenetic Relationships from Middle Miocene Hominoids to Late Pliocene Hominids.- 29 Australopithecus africanus: Its Phyletic Position Reconsidered.- VIII. Concluding Remarks and Summary Comments.- 30 Hominoid Cladistics and the Ancestry of Modern Apes and Humans: A Summary Statement.- Author Index.- Taxonomic Index.- Specimen Index.