Adrenergic Mechanisms (eBook)

Sir Gordon Ethelbert Ward Wolstenholme OBE FRCP was a British medical doctor, and the founding director of the Ciba Foundation. He was born in Sheffield, the son of a mechanical engineer, and educated at Repton School and Corpus Christi, Cambridge.

ADRENERGIC MECHANISMS 5
CONTENTS 13
Opening address 23
Session 1 : Formafion and lnactivation of Adrenergic Transmitters 28
Formation of adrenergic transmitters 28
Formation of adrenaline and noradrenaline 39
Discussion 46
The fate of adrenaline and noradrenaline 50
3-Methoxy-4-hydroxymandelic acid excretion in phaeochromocytoma 62
The metabolism of [?-l4CJ](±)-adrenaline in the cat 67
Discussion 78
Session 2: Storage of Catechol Aminer 83
Chairman’s opening remarks 83
Origin, development and distribution of chromaffin cells 85
The storage of amines in the chromaffin cell 109
Some observations on the synthesis and storage of catechol amines in the adrenaline-containing cells of the suprarenal medulla 132
Cell types of the adrenal medulla 135
Discussion 141
Session 3: The Adrenergic Neurone 144
Chairman’s opening remarks 144
Release of sympathetic transmitter by nerve stimulation 149
Discussion 157
Interference with the release of transmitter in response to nerve stimulation 164
The effects of bretylium and allied agents on adrenergic neurones 181
The persistence of adrenergic nerve conduction after TM 10 or bretylium in the cat 191
Some pharmacological properties of guanethidine 195
Discussion 204
Session 4: Adrenergic Mechanisms in Man 206
Effects of adrenaline, noradrenaline and isopropylnoradrenaline in man 206
Effects of catechol amines on consecutive vascular sections 223
Discussion 231
Clinical effects of drugs which prevent the release of adrenergic transmitter 234
Bretylium 242
Discussion 246
Session 5 : Actions of Adrenaline and Noradrenaline on the Effector Cell 253
Chairman's opening remarks: The concept of receptors 253
Relationships between agonists, antagonists and receptor sites 256
Receptors for sympathomimetic amines 279
Sympathomimetic drugs and their receptors 286
Various types of receptors for sympathomimetic drugs 297
Discussion 303
Biophysical changes produced by adrenaline and noradrenaline 308
Effect of adrenaline on depolarized smooth muscle 321
Discussion 325
The relation of adenosine-3',5'-phosphate to the action of catechol amines 328
The action of adrenaline on carbohydrate metabolism in relation to some of its pharmacodynamic efficts 338
Discussion 354
Session 6: Mechanism of Action of Other Sympathortiimetic Amines 356
Chairman's opening remarks 356
Tyramine and other amines as noradrenaline-releasing substances 359
Some observations on the effects of tyramine 370
Discussion 377
The actions of sympathomimetic amines on tryptamine receptors 389
The depolarizing and blocking action of amphetamine in the cat's superior cervical ganglion 406
Discussion 412
Session 7: Central Adrenergic Mechanisms 415
Chairman's opening remarks 415
Some central actions of adrenaline and noradrenaline when administered into the cerebral ventricles 419
Intervention of an adrenergic mechanism during brain stem reticular activation 427
Electrophysiological evidence relating to the rôle of adrenaline in the central nervous system 444
The passage of catechol amines through the blood-brain barrier 455
Release of an adrenaline-like substance by electrical stimulation of the brain stem 458
Discussion 461
On the biochemistry and possible functions of dopamine and nor-adrenaline in brain 466
Awakening actions of derivatives of phenylalanine 474
Discussion 477
Clinical effects of amine oxidase inhibitors 480
Clinical results with monoamine oxidase inhibitors in psychiatry 488
Discussion 493
Session 8: General 497
Short communication Specific antagonism of Dibenamine to ergometrine 497
Short communication Adrenergic mechanisms in inflammation 500
Short communication Thermoregulation in newborn animals 503
Chairman’s closing remarks 506
Ciba Foundation Sessions on Periphernl Adrenergic Mechanisms 507
Chairman’s opening remarks 507
Short communication Some problems concerning the storage of catechol amines in the adrenal medulla 515
Discussion 520
Short communication A new adrenergic mechanism 536
Discussion 541
Ciba Foundation Sessions on Central Adrenergic Mechanisms 573
Short communication Observations on the localization of noradrenaline in homogenates of dog’s hypothalamus 573
Short communication Synthesis of catechol amines in the depleted brain 578
Discussion 582
Chairman’s summary 622
Epilogue 629
Index of Authors 631
Index of Subjects 645