Complementary Therapies and the Management of Diabetes and Vascular Disease (eBook)

Professor Trish Dunning, Director Diabetes Education Services and Clinical Nurse Consultant, Diabetes Education, St. Vincent's Health Melbourne.

Complementary Therapies and the Management of Diabetes and Vascular Disease 3
Contents 7
Preface 13
Foreword 15
List of Contributors 16
Acknowledgements 17
1 Introduction to Diabetes 19
1.1 Incidence and Prevalence of Diabetes 19
1.2 Overview of Diabetes 20
1.3 Management Strategies 25
1.4 Management Targets and Regimens 26
1.5 Short-term Complications 27
1.6 Long-term Complications 28
1.7 Psychological Aspects 29
1.8 Diabetes Management Requires Integrated Approaches 30
1.9 People with Diabetes’ Needs, Capacities and Resources 30
1.10 Health Professionals’ Needs 30
1.11 Integration – Is It Possible? 31
1.12 Complementary Therapies 32
1.13 Summary 32
References 33
2 Complementary Therapy Use 35
2.1 Introduction 35
2.2 Defining Complementary Therapies 35
2.3 What Is Traditional Use? 37
2.4 Philosophical Basis of CAM 38
2.5 Frequency of CAM Use 38
2.6 Profile of Likely CAM Users 46
2.7 Culture, Health Beliefs and CAM 47
2.8 Reported Adverse Events Associated with CAM 50
2.9 Summary 51
References 51
3 Complementary Medicine and Safety 54
3.1 Introduction 54
3.2 Practices 56
3.3 Risks and safety 56
3.4 Adverse Events 57
3.5 Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors 60
3.6 Pre-market Safety Mechanisms 62
3.7 Preventing Adverse Medicine Reactions 64
3.8 Safety of CM and Diabetes Management 65
References 65
4 Integrating Complementary and Conventional Therapies 67
4.1 Introduction 67
4.2 What is Integration? 68
4.3 Concerns about Integration 69
4.4 Benefits of Integration 71
4.5 Obstacles to Integration 73
4.6 How Can Integration Be Achieved? 73
4.7 Current Integrative Models 75
4.8 Regulatory Issues 75
4.9 Responsibilities of Individual Conventional Practitioners Using Complementary Therapies 79
4.10 Evidence-based Care and Clinical Practice Guidelines 85
4.11 Guidelines for Patients Using Complementary Therapies 90
4.12 Quality Use of Medicines 91
4.13 Documentation and communication 91
4.14 Adverse event reporting 92
References 92
5 Nutritional Therapies 95
5.1 Introduction 95
5.2 Nutritional Medicine (NM) 95
5.3 Nutritional Medicine Assessment Approaches 96
5.4 The Zone Diet 98
5.5 Total Wellbeing Diet 100
5.6 Ketogenic or Atkins Diet 101
5.7 Metabolic Typing and ABO Blood Type Diets 109
5.8 ABO Blood Type Diet 111
5.9 The USDA Food Guide Pyramid 114
5.10 Detoxification Diets 117
5.11 Nutritional Supplementation 120
5.12 Vitamins 121
5.13 Minerals 123
5.15 Essential Fatty Acids Gamma-Linolenic Acid and Omega 3 Fish Oils
5.16 Other Key Nutrients 132
5.17 Safe Use of Supplements 133
References 134
6 Essential Oils (Aromatherapy) 143
6.1 Introduction 143
6.2 Aromatherapy Care Models 144
6.3 Essential Oils 144
6.4 Essential Oils and Diabetes Education and Management 155
6.5 Precautions to Consider When Assessing the Suitability of Essential Oils in Patients with Renal Disease 161
6.6 Essential Oil Use 161
6.7 Mental Health and Psychological Care 164
6.8 Essential Oil Application/Administration Methods 167
6.9 Essential Oil Safety Issues 169
6.10 Essential Oil – Conventional Medicine Interactions 172
References 173
7 Counselling and Relaxation Therapies 176
7.1 Introduction 176
7.2 The Body and the Mind 177
7.3 Diabetes and the Psyche 178
7.4 Overview of General Concepts and Approaches 182
7.5 Stress Management Techniques 185
7.6 Summary 193
References 194
8 Energy Therapies 197
8.1 Introduction 197
8.2 Brief History of Energy Field Medicine within a Western Context 199
8.3 Effects of Geomagnetic Earth Rhythms on Health and Wellness 200
8.4 Electromagnetic and Subtle Energy Within Living Organisms 201
8.5 Effects of Subtle and Electromagnetic Energy on Body Structure and Function 203
8.6 Brief Overview of Eastern Perspectives of Energy Healing 204
8.7 Energy Medicine in Health Care and Relevance to Diabetes and Vascular Disease 205
8.8 Bioenergetic Therapies 207
8.9 Homeopathy 221
8.10 Summary 224
References 225
9 Herbal Medicines and Interactions with Conventional Medicines Used to Manage Diabetes 229
9.1 Introduction 229
9.2 Differences between Herbal and Conventional Medicines 232
9.3 Similarities between Herbal Medicines and Conventional Medicines 234
9.4 Herbal Medicines and Diabetes 235
9.5 Herbal Medicines and Vascular Disease 239
9.6 Herbal interactions 242
9.7 Pharmacokinetic Interactions 243
9.8 Pharmacodynamic Interactions 244
9.9 Using Herbal Medicines in Practice and Avoiding Adverse Herb–Medicine Interactions 245
References 247
10 Ayurvedic Management of Diabetes 251
10.1 Introduction 251
10.2 Ayurveda 252
10.3 Ayurvedic Diagnosis 257
10.4 Principles of Preparing Ayurvedic Herbal Medicines 258
10.5 Maintaining Good Health 259
10.6 Ayurveda and Diabetes 261
10.7 Research Studies on Ayurvedic Herbal Remedies 264
10.8 The evidence base for Ayurvedic medicines 265
10.9 Adverse Effects of Ayurveda 265
References 267
11 Chinese Medicine Treatment of Diabetes 269
11.1 Introduction 269
11.2 What Is Chinese Medicine? 269
11.3 Key Theories that Guide Chinese Medicine Practice 272
11.4 Diagnostic Methods 276
11.5 Chinese Herbal Medicine 277
11.6 Acupuncture and Moxibustion 280
11.7 How is Diabetes Understood in Chinese Medicine? 280
11.8 Chinese Herbal Medicine in the Treatment of Diabetes 282
11.9 Treating Diabetes with Acupuncture and Moxibustion 284
11.10 Summary 287
References 288
12 Australian Aboriginal Traditional Healing Practices 290
12.1 Introduction 290
12.2 Aboriginal Concepts of Health and Illness 291
12.3 Traditional Healing Practices 294
12.4 Traditional Healing Practices as Complementary Medicine 302
12.5 Summary 304
References 305
13 Massage and Reflexology 309
13.1 Introduction 309
13.2 Massage Diagnosis and Care Processes 312
13.3 Massage and Diabetes 313
13.4 Massage and Cardiovascular Disease 315
13.5 Reflexology 319
References 323
14 Naturopathy 325
14.1 Introduction 325
14.2 The Naturopathic Consultation 327
14.3 General Management Aims 328
14.4 Naturopathic Management Options 336
References 354
15 Complementary Approaches to Managing Pain 357
15.1 Introduction 357
15.2 What Is Pain? 359
15.3 Pathophysiology of Pain 359
15.4 Measuring Pain Severity 362
15.5 Managing Pain 364
15.6 Common Types of Pain Associated with Diabetes 377
15.7 Summary 382
References 383
16 Manipulative Therapies 387
16.1 The Origins of Chiropractic Therapy 387
16.2 Osteopathic Beginnings 387
16.3 Relationship among Chiropractors, Osteopaths and the Medical Profession 388
16.4 Principles of Manipulative Therapies 388
16.5 Indications for Manipulation 396
16.6 Potential Benefits of Spinal Manipulation 398
16.7 Risks and Complications Associated with Manipulative Therapies 401
16.8 Summary 403
References 403
Index 408

"...a valuable resource for clinicians who wish to obtain an
introduction to these therapies..." (Journal of the American
Medical Association, January 20, 2008)

"Highly recommended for all health care providers who see
diabetic patients." (Electric Review, March/April 2007)

"This is a comprehensive review of the wide range of
complementary therapies available to patients with diabetes."
(Doody's Health Services)