IPv6 (eBook)

Front Cover 1
IPv6: Theory, Protocol, and Practice 4
Copyright Page 5
Contents 6
Preface 18
Part I: Theory 26
Chapter 1. The Disruptive Protocol 30
1.1 Disruptive Technologies 31
1.2 IPv6: Disruptive or Sustaining? 33
1.3 The Value of the Network 36
1.4 Driving IPv6 Growth 38
1.5 A Possible IPv6 Future 42
Chapter 2. What’s Wrong with IPv4? 44
2.1 Protocol Life Expectancy 45
2.2 What’s Wrong with IPv4 46
2.3 IPv4 Addressing Crisis 50
2.4 The IPv4 Routing Crisis 54
2.5 The End-to-End Problem 58
2.6 Summary 60
Chapter 3. Patching IPv4 62
3.1 Network Address Rationing 64
3.2 IP Subnetting 65
3.3 Classless Inter-Domain Routing (CIDR) 69
3.4 Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) 71
3.5 Recycling Unused IP Networks 72
3.6 Subnetting Class A Networks 73
3.7 Network Address Translation (NAT) 74
3.8 Realm-Specific IP (RSIP) 79
3.9 Summary 81
Chapter 4. The Road to Next Generation 84
4.1 Early Assumptions About the Internet Environment 84
4.2 Designated Areas for Internet Evolution 86
4.3 Room for Improvement 90
4.4 IPng Candidates 93
4.5 IPv6, The Next Generation 97
4.6 Summary 98
Chapter 5. IPv6 Transition Issues 100
5.1 Upgrading IP 100
5.2 The IPv6 Protocol Tunneling Approach 102
5.3 IPv4/IPv6 Dual-Stack 107
5.4 Connecting IPv6 Domains via IPv4 Clouds 108
5.5 Summary 109
Part II: IPv6 Protocols 110
Chapter 6. The IP Security Protocol (IPsec) 114
6.1 IP Security Issues 115
6.2 Security Goals 118
6.3 Encryption and Authentication Algorithms 122
6.4 IPsec: The Protocols 129
6.5 IP and IPsec 131
6.6 Implementing and Deploying IPsec 144
6.7 Summary 145
Chapter 7. IPv6 Protocol Basics 148
7.1 The IPv6 Address Space 149
7.2 IPv6 Header Format 151
7.3 IPv4 Versus IPv6 153
7.4 IPv6 Header Fields 155
7.5 Option Headers 157
7.6 IPv6 Packet Size Limits 159
7.7 Other IPv6 Features 160
7.8 Summary 165
Chapter 8. IPv6 Addressing 166
8.1 IPv6 Address Types 167
8.2 Unicast Address Types 171
8.3 Special Unicast Address Types 172
8.4 IPv6 Address Format 173
8.5 IPv6 Node Self-Awareness 181
8.6 Summary 183
Chapter 9. IPv6 Options and Extension Headers 184
9.1 IPv6 Options and Extension Headers 185
9.2 Routing Header 190
9.3 Fragment Header 195
9.4 Hop-by-Hop and Destination Options Headers 199
9.5 Summary 206
Chapter 10. IPv6 Multicast 208
10.1 IPv6 Multicast Address Format 209
10.2 Multicast Scope Definitions 210
10.3 Reserved and Permanent Multicast Addresses 211
10.4 Solicited-Node Multicast 214
10.5 Multicast Listener Discovery (MLD) for IPv6 217
10.6 Summary 219
Chapter 11. IPv6 Anycast 220
11.1 Anycast Overview 221
11.2 Anycast Motivations 221
11.3 Anycast Architectural Issues 222
11.4 IPv6 Anycast Specification 225
11.5 Reserved IPv6 Anycast Addresses 226
11.6 Making Anycast Work 228
11.7 Summary 233
Chapter 12. IPv6 Internet Control Message Protocol (ICMPv6) 234
12.1 A New Control Message Protocol 234
12.2 ICMPv6 Messages 238
12.3 Fragmentation and Path MTU 242
12.4 Other ICMPv6 Functions 246
12.5 Summary 246
Chapter 13. IPv6 Neighbor Discovery 248
13.1 The Neighbor Discovery Protocol 249
13.2 Solving Networking Problems 250
13.3 IPv6 Neighbor Discovery Compared with IPv4 252
13.4 Router Solicitation 255
13.5 Summary 258
Chapter 14. IPv6 Routing 260
14.1 IP Routing Fundamentals 260
14.2 RIP and RIPng 267
14.3 OSPF and OSPFng 276
14.4 IPv6 and BGP 278
14.5 IPv6 Routing Issues 282
14.6 Summary 283
Chapter 15. IPv6 Quality of Service (QoS) 284
15.1 QoS Basics 285
15.2 Differentiated Services and IPv6 291
15.3 IPv6 Flows 291
15.4 Explicit Congestion Notification in IPv6 293
15.5 Summary 294
Chapter 16. IPv6 Autoconfiguration 296
16.1 Stateful and Stateless Autoconfiguration 297
16.2 IPv6 Stateful Autoconfiguration: DHCPv6 298
16.3 IPv6 Stateless Autoconfiguration 303
16.4 Renumbering 309
16.5 Summary 314
Chapter 17. Mobile IPv6 316
17.1 IP Mobility 317
17.2 Mobility Support in IPv6 321
17.3 Mobile IPv6 Versus Mobile IPv4 323
17.4 Summary 323
Chapter 18. IPv6 and DNS 326
18.1 DNS Resource Records 327
18.2 DNS Extensions for IPv6 329
18.3 DNS and IPv6 Aggregation 331
18.4 Choosing the Next Generation DNS RR 333
18.5 Naming IPv6 Domains 335
18.6 Summary 335
Chapter 19. Next Generation Protocols 338
19.1 IPv6 and Transport Layer Protocols 339
19.2 IPv6 and Link Layer Protocols 339
19.3 IPv6-Enabled Applications 341
19.4 Adding IPv6 Support 342
19.5 Summary 343
Part III: IPv6 Practice 344
Chapter 20. IPv6 Transition Planning and Strategies 348
20.1 Start Now 349
20.2 IPv6 Tunneling 352
20.3 ISATAP 360
20.4 Preparing for Transition 362
20.5 Planning 364
20.6 Migration 369
20.7 Transition 371
20.8 Summary 372
Chapter 21. Configuring IPv6 on Server Operating Systems. 374
21.1 Configuring IPv6 on Windows NT 374
21.2 Configuring IPv6 on FreeBSD 377
21.3 Configuring Solaris 8 for IPv6 384
21.4 Other Resources 389
21.5 Summary 389
Chapter 22. Configuring IPv6 Routers 390
22.1 Configuring a Cisco 2611 Router for IPv4/v6 390
22.2 Configuring a Cisco 7200 Router 401
22.3 Configuring IPv6 on Hitachi GR2000 Series Routers 407
22.4 Configuring NEC IX5010 Series Routers for IPv6 415
22.5 Summary 426
Chapter 23. Practical IPv6 Security Solutions 428
23.1 IPv6/v4 IP Filtering Firewall on Solaris 8 428
23.2 IPv6/v4 IP Filtering Firewall on FreeBSD 443
23.3 Implementing IPsec on Sun Solaris (IPv4) 451
23.4 Building TCP Wrapper for IPv6 on Solaris 8 465
23.5 Summary 472
Chapter 24. Email and DNS Under IPv6 474
24.1 Building BIND 9 with OpenSSL Support 474
24.2 Configuring an IPv4/IPv6 DNS 480
24.3 Designing and Implementing an IPv6 Email Server 506
24.4 Summary 516
Chapter 25. The Present and the Future of IPv6 518
25.1 IPv6 and 3GPP 518
25.2 Live IPv6 Networks 519
25.3 The Problems with IPv6 521
25.4 IPv6 Promise and Potential 521
25.5 IPv6 Resources 522
25.6 Summary 522
Part IV: Appendix 524
IPv6 RFCs 526
Index 548