New Public Health (eBook)
696 Seiten
Elsevier Science (Verlag)
978-0-08-091958-4 (ISBN)
The New Public Health has established itself as a solid textbook throughout the world. Translated into 7 languages, The New Public Health distinguishes itself from other public health textbooks, which are either highly locally oriented or, if international, lack the specificity of local issues relevant to students' understanding of applied public health in their own setting. Following the gold standard of knowledge set by the Council for Education in Public Health, the new edition includes:
- 40% new material, including all new tables, figures, data, and chapter bibliographies
- Updates based on the 2005 accreditation criteria of the Council for Education in Public Health (CEPH), as will feedback received from an extensive survey of professors using NPH1
- Multiple case studies, chapter-ending bibliographies, and recommended readings
The second edition of The New Public Health provides a unified approach to public health appropriate for all masters' level students and practitioners - specifically for courses in MPH programs, community health and preventive medicine programs, community health education programs, community health nursing programs, as well as programs for other medical professionals such as pharmacy, physiotherapy, and other public health courses.?Specific courses include: Fundamentals of Public Health, Introduction to Public Health Policy, Philosophy of Public Health, History of Public Health, Public Health and Healthcare Management, New Technologies and Public Health, Genetics and Biotechnologies, Bio-preparedness and others.
* 40% new material, including all new tables, figures, data, and chapter bibliographies* Updates based on the 2005 accreditation criteria of the Council for Education in Public Health (CEPH)
* Multiple case studies, chapter-ending bibliographies, and 'recommended readings'
* Includes detailed companion website featuring and instructors' guide, PowerPoint slides, case studies and much more
Theodore H. Tulchinsky (MD from the University of Toronto; M.P.H. degree from Yale University) served as a Deputy Minister of Health and Social Development in the Province of Manitoba, Canada, Director of Public Health in the Ministry of Health in Israel, and Director of Preventive Health Services and Coordinator for Health and supervisor of health in the West Bank and Gaza (development of immunization, nutrition, primary care for maternal and child health especially). He is Associate Professor at the Braun School of Public Health at the Hebrew University, and was Fulbright Scholar and Visiting Professor at the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) School of Public Health. He has published extensively on public health topics including on infectious diseases, nutrition and environmental health. He is active in promoting new schools of public health in Countries of Eastern Europe, the former Soviet Union and Central Asia, serves on the Executive Board of the European Association of Schools of Public Health.
The New Public Health has established itself as a solid textbook throughout the world. Translated into 7 languages, The New Public Health distinguishes itself from other public health textbooks, which are either highly locally oriented or, if international, lack the specificity of local issues relevant to students' understanding of applied public health in their own setting. Following the gold standard of knowledge set by the Council for Education in Public Health, the new edition includes:- 40% new material, including all new tables, figures, data, and chapter bibliographies- Updates based on the 2005 accreditation criteria of the Council for Education in Public Health (CEPH), as will feedback received from an extensive survey of professors using NPH1- Multiple case studies, chapter-ending bibliographies, and recommended readings The second edition of The New Public Health provides a unified approach to public health appropriate for all masters' level students and practitioners specifically for courses in MPH programs, community health and preventive medicine programs, community health education programs, community health nursing programs, as well as programs for other medical professionals such as pharmacy, physiotherapy, and other public health courses. Specific courses include: Fundamentals of Public Health, Introduction to Public Health Policy, Philosophy of Public Health, History of Public Health, Public Health and Healthcare Management, New Technologies and Public Health, Genetics and Biotechnologies, Bio-preparedness and others.
Front Cover 1
The New Public Health 4
Copyright Page 5
Dedication Page 6
Special Dedication 8
Contents 10
Foreword 18
Preface to the Second Edition 20
Acknowledgments 22
Introduction to the First Edition 24
Chapter 1: A History of Public Health 26
Introduction 26
Prehistoric Societies 26
The Ancient World 27
The Early Medieval Period (Fifth to Tenth Centuries CE) 29
The Late Medieval Period (Eleventh to Fifteenth Centuries) 29
The Renaissance (1500-1750) 31
Enlightenment, Science, and Revolution (1750-1830) 32
Eighteenth-Century Reforms 33
Applied Epidemiology 33
Jenner and Vaccination 34
Foundations of Health Statistics and Epidemiology 34
Social Reform and the Sanitary Movement (1830-1875) 36
Snow on Cholera 38
Germ Versus Miasma Theories 39
Hospital Reform 40
The Bacteriologic Revolution 41
Pasteur, Cohn, Koch, and Lister 41
Vector-Borne Disease 42
Microbiology and Immunology 43
Poliomyelitis 43
Advances in Treatment of Infectious Diseases 44
Maternal and Child Health 44
Nutrition in Public Health 45
Military Medicine 46
Internationalization of Health 48
The Epidemiologic Transition 48
Achievements of Public Health in the Twentieth Century 50
Creating and Managing Health Systems 51
Summary 51
Historical Markers 53
Electronic Resources 56
Recommended Readings 56
Bibliography 57
Chapter 2: Expanding the Concept of Public Health 58
Introduction 58
Concepts of Public Health 58
Evolution of Public Health 60
Health and Disease 61
Host-Agent-Environment Paradigm 62
The Natural History of Disease 63
Society and Health 64
Modes of Prevention 66
Health Promotion 66
Primary Prevention 67
Secondary Prevention 68
Tertiary Prevention 68
Demographic and Epidemiologic Transition 68
Interdependence of Health Services 69
Defining Public Health 69
Social Medicine and Community Health 70
Social Hygiene, Eugenics, and Corruption of Public Health Concepts 71
Medical Ecology 71
Community-Oriented Primary Care 71
World Health Organization's Definition of Health 72
Alma-Ata: Health for All 72
Selective Primary Care 74
The Risk Approach 75
The Case for Action 75
Political Economy and Health 77
Health and Development 78
Health Systems: The Case for Reform 79
Advocacy and Consumerism 80
Professional Advocacy and Resistance 80
Consumerism 82
The Health Field Concept 83
The Value of Medical Care in Public Health 83
Health Targets 84
United States Health Targets 84
International Health Targets 86
European Health Targets 86
United Kingdom Health Targets 86
Individual and Community Participation in Health 87
Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion 87
State and Community Models of Health Promotion 88
Healthy Cities/Towns/Municipalities 88
Human Ecology and Health Promotion 90
Defining Public Health Standards 90
Integrative Approaches to Public Health 91
The Future of Public Health 92
The New Public Health 93
Summary 93
Electronic Resources 95
Recommended Readings 96
Bibliography 96
Chapter 3: Measuring and Evaluating the Health of a Population 98
Introduction 98
Demography 99
Fertility 100
Population Pyramid 101
Life Expectancy 101
Epidemiology 102
Social Epidemiology 105
Epidemiology in Building Health Policy 107
Definitions and Methods of Epidemiology 107
Rates and Ratios 107
Measures of Morbidity 109
Prevalence Rates 110
Measures of Mortality 110
Social Classification 112
Sentinel Events 112
The Burden of Disease 113
Years of Potential Life Lost 113
Qualitative Measures of Morbidity and Mortality 113
Measurement 114
Research and Survey Methods 114
Variables 115
The Null Hypothesis 115
Confounders 116
Sampling 116
Randomization 116
Normal Distribution 117
Standardization of Rates 117
Direct Method of Standardization 118
Indirect Method of Standardization 118
Potential Errors in Measurement 119
Reliability 119
Validity 120
Screening for Disease 120
Epidemiologic Studies 121
Observational Studies 121
Experimental Epidemiology 124
Establishing Causal Relationships 125
Notification of Diseases 125
Special Registries and Reporting Systems 126
Disease Classification 128
Hospital Discharge Information 128
Health Information Systems (Informatics) 130
WHO European Region Health for All Database 131
Surveillance, Reporting, and Publication 132
Assessing the Health of the Individual 132
Assessment of Population Health 133
Defining the Population 134
Socioeconomic Status 134
Nutrition 136
Environment and Occupation 136
Health Care Financing and Organization 136
Health Care Resources 136
Utilization of Services 137
Health Care Outcomes 137
Quality of Care 138
Self-Assessment of Health 139
Costs and Benefits 139
Effects of Intervention 139
Qualitative Methods 139
Summary - From Information to Knowledge to Policy 141
Electronic Resources 142
Recommended Readings 142
Bibliography 143
Chapter 4: Communicable Diseases 146
Introduction 146
Public Health and the Control of Communicable Disease 147
The Nature of Communicable Disease 147
Host-Agent-Environment Triad 148
Classifications of Communicable Diseases 149
Modes of Transmission of Disease 150
Immunity 150
Surveillance 151
Health Care-Associated Infections 153
Endemic and Epidemic Disease 153
Epidemic Investigation 154
Control of Communicable Diseases 155
Treatment 155
Methods of Prevention 155
Vaccine-Preventable Diseases 156
Immunization Coverage 158
Vaccine-Preventable Diseases 169
Essentials of an Immunization Program 169
Regulation of Vaccines 171
Vaccine Development 171
Control/Eradication of Infectious Diseases 172
Smallpox 172
Eradication of Poliomyelitis 173
Other Candidates for Eradication 174
Future Candidates for Eradication 174
Vector-Borne Diseases 181
Malaria 181
Rickettsial Infections 182
Arboviruses (Arthropod-Borne Viral Diseases) 182
Lyme Disease 185
Parasitic Diseases 186
Echinococcosis 186
Tapeworm 187
Onchocerciasis 187
Dracunculiasis 187
Schistosomiasis 188
Leishmaniasis 188
Trypanosomiasis 189
Other Parasitic Diseases 189
Legionnaire's Disease 190
Leprosy 190
Trachoma 190
Sexually Transmitted Infections 191
Syphilis 191
Gonorrhea 191
Other Sexually Transmitted Infections 191
Control of Sexually Transmitted Infections 192
HIV/AIDS 193
Diarrheal Diseases 195
Salmonella 195
Shigella 195
Escherichia coli 196
Cholera 196
Viral Gastroenteritis 196
Parasitic Gastroenteritis 197
A Program Approach to Diarrheal Disease Control 197
Acute Respiratory Infections 198
Inequalities in Control of Communicable Diseases 199
Communicable Disease Control in the New Public Health 200
Summary 201
Electronic Resources 201
Recommended Readings 202
Bibliography 202
Chapter 5: Noncommunicable Conditions 206
Introduction 206
The Rise of Chronic Disease 207
The Burden of Chronic Conditions 208
Risk Factors and Causation of Chronic Conditions 209
Chronic Manifestations of Infectious Diseases 212
Cardiovascular Diseases 213
Chronic Lung Disease 220
Asthma 220
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease 221
Restrictive Lung Diseases 221
Occupational Lung Diseases 221
Diabetes Mellitus 222
Prevention of Diabetes and Its Complications 224
End-Stage Renal Disease 225
Cancer 225
Prevention of Cancer 228
Chronic Liver Disease 229
Disabling Conditions 230
Arthritis and Musculoskeletal Disorders 230
Osteoporosis 230
Degenerative Osteoarthritis 231
Rheumatoid Arthritis and Gout 231
Low Back Syndromes 231
Neurologic Disorders 231
Alzheimer's Disease 231
Parkinson's Disease 231
Multiple Sclerosis 231
Epilepsy or Seizures 232
Brain and Spinal Cord Injury 232
Visual Disorders 232
Hearing Disorders 233
Trauma, Violence, and Injury 233
Motor Vehicle Accidents 235
Domestic Violence 236
Suicide and Suicide Attempts 237
Homicide 237
Prevention of Violence 237
Chronic Conditions and the New Public Health 238
Summary 238
Electronic Resources 238
Recommended Readings 239
Bibliography 240
Chapter 6: Family Health 242
Introduction 242
The Family Unit 243
Maternal Health 244
Fertility 244
Public Health Concerns of Fertility 245
Family Planning 245
Maternal Mortality and Morbidity 246
Pregnancy Care 248
High-Risk Pregnancy 249
Labor and Delivery 251
Safe Motherhood Initiatives 252
Care of the Newborn 252
Care in the Puerperium 254
Genetic and Birth Disorders 255
Rhesus Hemolytic Disease of the Newborn 256
Neural Tube Defects 256
Cerebral Palsy 257
Intellectual Disability 257
Down Syndrome 258
Cystic Fibrosis 258
Sickle-Cell Disease 258
Thalassemia 258
Phenylketonuria 259
Congenital Hypothyroidism 260
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome 260
Tay-Sachs Disease 260
G6PD 260
Familial Mediterranean Fever 260
Infant and Child Health 260
Fetal and Infant Mortality 261
Infancy Care and Feeding 262
Anticipatory Counseling 263
Documentation, Records, and Monitoring 263
The Preschooler (Ages 1-5 Years) 265
School and Adolescent Health 266
Smoking 267
Alcohol Abuse 268
Drug Abuse 268
Sexual Risk Behavior 269
Dietary Risk Behavior 269
Physical Activity 270
Violence and Gang Behavior 270
Adult Health 270
Women's Health 271
Men's Health 273
Health of Older Adults 274
Health Maintenance for Older Adults 275
Summary 279
Electronic Resources 280
Recommended Readings 281
Bibliography 281
Chapter 7: Special Community Health Needs 284
Introduction 284
Mental Health 285
Historical Changes in Methods of Treatment 287
Mental Health Epidemiology 288
Mental Disorder Syndromes 290
Controversies in Mental Health Policies 294
Community-Oriented Mental Health 295
Prevention and Health Promotion 296
Mental Disability 296
Oral Health 297
Fluoridation 298
Periodontal Disease 298
Dental Care 299
Oral Cancer 299
Physical Disability and Rehabilitation 299
Special Group Health Needs 301
Gay and Lesbian Health 301
Native Peoples' Health 302
Prisoners' Health 303
Migrant Population Health 305
Homeless Population Health 305
Refugee Health 306
Military Medicine 307
Health in Disasters 308
Summary 311
Electronic Resources 312
Recommended Readings 312
Bibliography 313
Chapter 8: Nutrition and Food Safety 316
Introduction 316
Development of Nutrition in Public Health 317
Nutrition in a Global Context 317
Nutrition and Infection 318
Functions of Food 319
Composition of the Human Body 319
Human Nutritional Requirements 319
Carbohydrates 320
Proteins 320
Fats and Oils 320
Vitamins 321
Minerals and Trace Elements 321
Growth 321
Measuring Body Mass 323
Recommended Dietary Intakes 324
Disorders of Undernutrition 325
Underweight: Protein-Energy Malnutrition (PEM) 328
Failure to Thrive 329
Marasmus 329
Kwashiorkor 329
Vitamin A Deficiency 329
Vitamin D Deficiency (Rickets and Osteomalacia) 331
Vitamin C Deficiency 333
Vitamin K Deficiency (Hemorrhagic Disease of the Newborn) 333
Vitamin B Deficiencies 333
Iron-Deficiency Anemia 335
Iodine-Deficiency Diseases 335
Osteoporosis 336
Eating Disorders 336
Diseases of Overnutrition 337
Overweight/Obesity 337
Cardiovascular Diseases 338
Cancer 338
Nutrition in Pregnancy and Lactation 339
Promoting Healthy Diets and Lifestyles 340
Dietary Guidelines 340
Vitamin and Mineral Enrichment of Basic Foods 340
Controversy in Food Enrichment 341
Food and Nutrition Policy 342
The Evolution of a Federal Role 342
Nutrition Issues in Development Policies 343
The Role of the Private Sector and NGOs 344
The Role of Health Providers 344
Nutrition Monitoring and Evaluation 345
Standard Reference Populations 345
Measuring Deviation from the Reference Population 347
Food Quality and Safety 347
Nutrition and the New Public Health 351
Summary 352
Electronic Resources 353
Recommended Readings 353
Bibliography 354
Nutrition and Food Technology Journals 356
Chapter 9: Environmental and Occupational Health 358
Environmental Health 358
Introduction 358
Environmental Issues 359
Geographic and Environmental Epidemiology 360
Environmental Targets 360
Global Environmental Change 360
Climate Change 362
Environmental Impact on Health Burden of Disease 362
Community Water Supplies 363
Waterborne Diseases 364
Sewage Collection and Treatment 365
Toxins 368
Toxic Effects on Fertility 368
Toxic Effects of Lead in the Environment 369
Agricultural and Environmental Hazards 371
Air Pollution 371
The External Environment 371
Methyl Tertiary Butyl Ether 373
Indoor Pollution 374
Radon Gas 374
Outdoor-Indoor Pollutants 374
Biological Pollutants 375
Sick Building Syndrome 375
Hazardous or Toxic Wastes 375
Minimata Disease 376
Toxic Waste Management 376
Radiation 376
Ionizing Radiation 376
Non-Ionizing Radiation 377
Environmental Impact 377
Emergency Events Involving Hazardous Substances 377
Man-Made Disasters, War, Terrorism 379
Preventing and Managing Environmental Emergencies 379
Environmental Health Organization 380
Occupational Health 381
Introduction 381
Development of Occupational Health 383
The Health of Workers 384
The Burden of Occupational Morbidity and Mortality 384
Occupational Health Priorities in the United States 385
International Issues in Occupational Health 385
National and Management Responsibilities 386
Standards and Monitoring 387
Occupational Health Targets 388
Toxicity at the Workplace and in the Environment 388
Lead 389
Asbestos 389
Silica 390
Cotton Dust (Byssinosis) 391
Vinyl Chloride 391
Agent Orange 391
Workplace Violence 391
Occupational Health in Clinical Practice 392
Inspecting the Place of Work 393
Risk Assessment 393
Preventing Disasters in the Workplace 393
Occupation and the New Public Health 394
Summary 394
Electronic Resources 395
Recommended Readings 396
Bibliography - Water Quality and Waterborne Disease 397
Bibliography - Occupational and Environmental Health 398
Chapter 10: Organization of Public Health Systems 400
Introduction 400
Government and Health of the Nation 401
Federal and Unitary States 402
Checks and Balances in Health Authority 402
Government and the Individual 403
Functions of Public Health 403
Regulatory Functions of Public Health Agencies 404
Methods of Providing or Assuring Services - Direct or Indirect? 404
Nongovernmental Roles in Health 405
Disasters and Public Health Preparedness 406
Medical Practice and Public Health 407
Incentives and Regulation 408
Promotion of Research and Teaching 410
Accreditation and Quality Regulation 411
National Government Public Health Services 411
State Government Public Health Services 413
Local Health Authorities 414
Monitoring Health Status 417
National Health Targets 418
Universal Health Coverage and the New Public Health 418
Hospitals in the New Public Health 420
Hospital Classification 421
Supply of Hospital Beds 421
The Changing Role of the Hospital 423
Regulation of Hospitals 424
The Uninsured as a Public Health Challenge 424
Summary 425
Electronic Resources 426
Recommended Readings 426
Bibliography 427
Chapter 11: Measuring Costs: The Economics of Health 430
Introduction 430
Economic Issues of Health Systems 431
Investing in Health 432
National Health Care Spending 433
Basic Concepts in Health Economics 433
Supply, Need, Demand, and Utilization of Health Services 433
Normative Needs 434
Felt Need 434
Expressed Need 435
Comparative Need 435
Demand 435
Supply 436
Grossman's Demand Model 436
Competition in Health Care 437
Elasticities of Demand 438
Measuring Costs 440
Economic Measures of Health Status 440
Cost-Effectiveness Analysis 441
Cost-Benefit Analysis 442
Basic Assessment Scheme for Intervention Costs and Consequences 444
The Value of Human Life 444
Health Financing - The Macroeconomic Level 446
Costs of Illness 449
Costs and Variations in Medical Practice 449
Cost Containment 450
Medical and Hospital Care - Microeconomics 451
Payment for Doctor's Services 451
Payment for Comprehensive Care 451
Health Maintenance and Managed Care Organizations 452
District Health Systems 453
Paying for Hospital Care 454
Capital Costs 455
Hospital Supply, Utilization, and Costs 455
Modified Market Forces 457
Economics and the New Public Health 457
Summary 459
Electronic Resources 459
Recommended Readings 460
Bibliography 460
Chapter 12: Planning and Managing Health Systems 464
Introduction 464
Health Policy and Planning as Context 465
The Elements of Organizations 467
Scientific Management 467
Bureaucratic Pyramidal Organizations 467
Organizations as Energy Systems 468
Cybernetics and Management 469
Target-Oriented Management 470
Operations Research 470
Management by Objectives 470
Human Relations Management 470
The Hawthorne Effect 471
Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs 471
Theory X-Theory Y 472
Network Organization 473
Total Quality Management 474
Changing Human Behavior 475
Empowerment 476
Strategic Management of Health Systems 476
Health System Organization Models 477
Functional Model 478
Corporate Model 478
Matrix Model 479
Skills for Management 479
The Chief Executive Officer of Health Organizations 480
Community Participation 481
Integration - Lateral and Vertical 481
Norms and Performance Indicators 482
Health Promotion and Advocacy 482
Philanthropy and Volunteerism 482
New Organizational Models 483
New Projects and Their Evaluation 483
Systems Approach and the New Public Health 485
Summary 486
Electronic Resources 486
Recommended Readings 486
Bibliography 487
Chapter 13: National Health Systems 490
Introduction 491
Health Systems in Developed Countries 492
Evolution of Health Systems 492
The United States 494
Federal Health Initiatives 494
Medicare and Medicaid 496
The Changing Health Care Environment 497
Health Information 499
Health Targets 500
Social Inequities 501
The Dilemma of the Uninsured 502
Summary 503
Canada 503
Reform Pressures and Initiatives 504
Provincial Health Reforms 505
Health Status 505
Summary 506
The United Kingdom 507
The National Health Service 507
Structural Reforms of the National Health Service 507
Reforms Since 1990 507
Social Inequities 509
Health Promotion 509
Health Reforms 509
Primary Care Trusts 510
Summary 511
The Nordic Countries 511
Sweden 512
Denmark 514
Norway 514
Finland 514
Western Europe 516
Germany 516
The Netherlands 519
Russia 520
The Soviet Model 521
Epidemiologic Transition 522
Post-Soviet Reform 524
Future Prospects 526
Summary 526
Israel 527
Origins of the Israeli Health System 527
Health Resources and Expenditures 528
Health Reforms 528
Mental Health 529
Healthy Israel 2020 529
Summary 530
Health Systems in Developing Countries 531
Federal Republic of Nigeria 532
Summary 536
Latin America and the Caribbean 537
Colombia 537
Asia 539
China 540
Japan 544
Comparing National Health Systems 545
Economic Issues in National Health Systems 546
Reforming National Health Systems 548
Summary 550
Electronic Resources 551
Canada 551
China 552
Europe 552
International 552
Israel 553
United States 553
Recommended Readings 553
Bibliography 554
Canada 554
China 555
Colombia 555
Developing Countries 555
Europe 556
Israel 556
Japan 556
Latin America and the Caribbean 557
Nigeria 557
Nordic Countries, Germany, and the Netherlands 557
Russia 558
United Kingdom 558
United States 559
Chapter 14: Human Resources for Health Care 560
Introduction 560
Overview of Human Resources 561
Human Resources Planning 563
Supply and Demand 564
Basic Medical Education 566
Postgraduate Medical Training 568
Specialization and Family Practice 569
Training in Preventive Medicine 570
Nursing Education 570
In-Service and Continuing Education 572
Accreditation of Medical Educational or Training Facilities 572
The Range of Health Disciplines 573
Licensure and Supervision 573
Constraints on the Health Care Provider 574
New Health Professions 575
Nurse Practitioners 575
Physician Assistants 576
Feldshers 577
Community Health Workers 577
Alternative Medicine 578
Changing the Balance 579
Education for Public Health and Health Management 579
Health Policy and Management of Human Resources 585
Summary 586
Electronic Resources 586
Recommended Readings 587
Bibliograpy 587
Chapter 15: Health Technology, Quality, Law, and Ethics 590
Introduction 590
Innovation, Regulation, and Quality Control 591
Appropriate Health Technology 593
Health Technology Assessment 595
Technology Assessment in Hospitals 596
Technology Assessment in Prevention and Health Promotion 597
Technology Assessment in National Health Systems 598
Dissemination of Technology 599
Diffusion of Technology 601
Quality Assurance 602
Adverse Events and Negligence 602
Licensure and Certification 603
Health Facility Accreditation 603
Peer Review 605
Algorithms and Clinical Guidelines 606
Organization of Care 609
Diagnosis-Related Groups 609
Managed Care 610
Performance Indicators 610
Consumerism and Quality 610
The Public Interest 611
Total Quality Management 612
Public Health Law 613
Environmental Health 616
Public Health Law Reform 616
Ethical Issues in Public Health 616
Individual and Community Rights 618
Ethics in Public Health Research 620
Ethics in Patient Care 621
Ethics in Public Health 621
Human Experimentation 622
Sanctity of Life Versus Euthanasia 623
The Imperative to Act or Not Act in Public Health 623
Summary 624
Electronic Resources 625
Recommended Readings 626
Bibliography 627
Chapter 16: Globalization of Health 630
Introduction 630
The Global Health Situation 632
Priorities in Global Health 633
Poverty-Illness-Population-Environment 635
Child Health 638
Maternal Health 638
Population Growth 639
Malnutrition 641
The Fight Against HIV/AIDS and Other Communicable Diseases 642
Chronic Disease 643
Disaster Management 644
Environment 645
Global Partnership for Development 645
Development and Health 645
Organization for International Health 646
The World Health Organization 646
The United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) 649
Nongovernmental Organizations 649
The World Bank 650
Trends in Global Health 651
Emerging Infectious Disease Threats 652
Expanding National Health Capacity 655
Global Health and the New Public Health 656
Summary 657
Electronic Resources 659
Recommended Readings 659
Bibliography 660
Publications and Journals 661
Glossary of Terms 662
Introduction 662
Abbreviations 662
Introduction 663
Index 684
| Erscheint lt. Verlag | 13.10.2008 |
|---|---|
| Sprache | englisch |
| Themenwelt | Sachbuch/Ratgeber ► Gesundheit / Leben / Psychologie |
| Medizin / Pharmazie ► Allgemeines / Lexika | |
| Medizin / Pharmazie ► Gesundheitswesen | |
| Studium ► Querschnittsbereiche ► Epidemiologie / Med. Biometrie | |
| Studium ► Querschnittsbereiche ► Infektiologie / Immunologie | |
| Studium ► Querschnittsbereiche ► Prävention / Gesundheitsförderung | |
| Naturwissenschaften ► Biologie ► Mikrobiologie / Immunologie | |
| Technik | |
| Wirtschaft | |
| ISBN-10 | 0-08-091958-8 / 0080919588 |
| ISBN-13 | 978-0-08-091958-4 / 9780080919584 |
| Haben Sie eine Frage zum Produkt? |
EPUB (Adobe DRM)Kopierschutz: Adobe-DRM
Adobe-DRM ist ein Kopierschutz, der das eBook vor Mißbrauch schützen soll. Dabei wird das eBook bereits beim Download auf Ihre persönliche Adobe-ID autorisiert. Lesen können Sie das eBook dann nur auf den Geräten, welche ebenfalls auf Ihre Adobe-ID registriert sind.
Details zum Adobe-DRM
Dateiformat: EPUB (Electronic Publication)
EPUB ist ein offener Standard für eBooks und eignet sich besonders zur Darstellung von Belletristik und Sachbüchern. Der Fließtext wird dynamisch an die Display- und Schriftgröße angepasst. Auch für mobile Lesegeräte ist EPUB daher gut geeignet.
Systemvoraussetzungen:
PC/Mac: Mit einem PC oder Mac können Sie dieses eBook lesen. Sie benötigen eine
eReader: Dieses eBook kann mit (fast) allen eBook-Readern gelesen werden. Mit dem amazon-Kindle ist es aber nicht kompatibel.
Smartphone/Tablet: Egal ob Apple oder Android, dieses eBook können Sie lesen. Sie benötigen eine
Geräteliste und zusätzliche Hinweise
Buying eBooks from abroad
For tax law reasons we can sell eBooks just within Germany and Switzerland. Regrettably we cannot fulfill eBook-orders from other countries.
aus dem Bereich
