Design of Industrial Information Systems (eBook)

Front cover 1
Title page 4
Copyright page 5
Table of contents 6
Preface 14
INTENDED AUDIENCE 15
DISTINGUISHING FEATURES 16
GUIDELINES FOR ALTERNATIVE COURSE STRUCTURES 16
SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS 17
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 17
1 Introduction 20
1.1 INTRODUCTION 20
1.2 ERP/MES/CONTROL: A HIERARCHY OF INFORMATION 23
1.3 NETWORK ARCHITECTURE 25
1.4 SOME KEY APPLICATION AREAS OF AN INDUSTRIAL INFORMATION SYSTEM (IIS) 27
1.4.1 CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT (CRM) 28
1.4.2 ORDER FULFILLMENT MANAGEMENT 28
1.4.3 WAREHOUSE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (WMS) 29
1.4.4 QUALITY MANAGEMENT 30
1.4.5 HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT (HRM) 30
1.4.6 ACCOUNTING AND FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT 31
1.4.7 DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM AND SUPPLY CHAIN MANAGEMENT 31
1.5 INFORMATION SYSTEMS AND DECISION SUPPORT SYSTEMS 33
1.6 PRODUCTION SYSTEM CLASSIFICATIONS AND INFORMATION REQUIREMENTS 33
1.6.1 MECHANICAL FABRICATION INDUSTRIES 33
1.6.2 PROCESS INDUSTRIES 40
1.6.3 SERVICE INDUSTRIES 42
1.7 ABOUT THIS BOOK 42
1.8 SUMMARY 43
2 The Relational Database Model 46
2.1 INTRODUCTION 46
2.2 THE DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM (DBMS) 46
2.3 THE RELATIONAL DATABASE VIEWED AS A SET OF TABLES 47
2.4 KEY ATTRIBUTES AND LINKING TABLES 50
2.5 STRUCTURED QUERY LANGUAGE (SQL) 51
2.5.1 SQL: CREATING THE DATABASE AND TABLE STRUCTURE 51
2.5.2 SQL: MANAGING THE DATA IN THE DATABASE TABLE 54
2.5.3 SQL: CONVERTING DATA INTO INFORMATION 62
2.6 SUMMARY 68
REVIEW EXERCISES 68
APPENDIX 2A QUERY BY EXAMPLE 82
3 Data Modeling 90
3.1 INTRODUCTION 90
3.2 ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP (E-R) MODELING 91
3.2.1 E-R MODELING PRIMITIVES 91
3.2.2 THE DEGREE OF A RELATIONSHIP 97
3.2.3 COMPOSITE ENTITIES 99
3.2.4 RECURSIVE ENTITIES 101
3.2.5 SUPERCLASS AND SUBCLASS ENTITY TYPES 106
3.3 CASE STUDY IN DATA MODELING 107
3.4 NORMALIZATION 112
3.4.1 INSERTION ANOMALIES 114
3.4.2 DELETION ANOMALIES 114
3.4.3 UPDATE ANOMALIES 114
3.4.4 NORMAL FORMS 115
3.5 SUMMARY 119
REVIEW EXERCISES 119
CASE STUDIES 123
4 Structured Analysis and Functional Architecture Design 130
4.1 INTRODUCTION 130
4.2 FUNCTIONAL ARCHITECTURE AND BUSINESS PROCESS REDESIGN 130
4.3 IDEF0 METHODOLOGY MODELING PRIMATIVES 132
4.4 IDEF0 HIERARCHIC DECOMPOSITION 133
4.4.1 HIERARCHIC DECOMPOSITION ILLUSTRATED: NODE A0 133
4.4.2 DECOMPOSITION OF NODE A0 135
4.4.3 DECOMPOSITION OF NODE A3 140
4.4.4 DECOMPOSITION OF NODE A31 142
4.5 THE PROCESS OF MODEL DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION 145
4.6 DATA FLOW DIAGRAMS: AN ALTERNATIVE STRUCTURED ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY 146
4.6.1 DFA MODELING PRIMITIVES 146
4.6.2 HIERARCHIC DECOMPOSITION IN DFA 147
4.6.3 HIERARCHIC DECOMPOSITION ILLUSTRATED: NODE A32 147
4.6.4 DECOMPOSITION OF CONTEXT DATA FLOW DIAGRAM 148
4.7 SUMMARY 150
REVIEW EXERCISES 151
CASE STUDIES 151
5 Informational Architecture and Logical Database Design 160
5.1 INTRODUCTION 160
5.2 THE IDEF REPRESENTATION OF ENTITY-RELATIONSHIP MODELING 160
5.3 A CASE STUDY IN DEVELOPING A DATA MODEL 164
5.3.1 ANALYSIS OF INFORMATION REQUIREMENTS AT NODE A311 164
5.3.2 ANALYSIS OF INFORMATION REQUIREMENTS AT NODE A313 170
5.3.3 ANALYSIS OF INFORMATION REQUIREMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF STORED MATERIALS 175
5.4 SUMMARY 178
REVIEW EXERCISES 179
CASE STUDIES 179
6 Design of a User Interface 182
6.1 INTRODUCTION 182
6.2 THE FUNCTIONAL/ENTITY INTERACTION MATRIX 182
6.3 SCREEN DESIGN 183
6.3.1 FORM SPECIFICATION 184
6.3.2 REPORT SPECIFICATION 185
6.4 A SINGLE TABLE FORM 185
6.4.1 IMPLEMENTING A SINGLE TABLE FORM IN MICROSOFT ACCESS 186
6.4.2 PROVIDING USER INTERACTION 191
6.4.3 IMPLEMENTING DATA INTEGRITY REQUIREMENTS 199
6.4.4 FORM NAVIGATION 201
6.4.5 IMPLEMENTING THE PASSWORD 202
6.4.6 ADDING TITLES IN THE HEADER AREA 209
6.4.7 SUMMARY OF A SINGLE-TABLE FORM 210
6.5 FORMS BASED ON MORE THAN ONE TABLE 210
6.5.1 CREATING A MASTER/DETAIL FORM 211
6.5.2 ESTABLISHING RELATIONSHIPS IN ACCESS 211
6.5.3 DESIGNING A FORM BASED ON ITS PURPOSE 213
6.5.4 DESIGNING A MASTER/DETAIL FORM FOR DATA ENTRY 214
6.5.5 DESIGNING A SUBFORM BASED ON A QUERY 223
6.5.6 SUMMARY OF A MASTER/DETAIL FORM 226
6.6 SOME ADDITIONAL ACCESS TOOLS 226
6.6.1 MACROS AND ACTIONS 226
6.6.2 UNBOUNDED TEXT BOXES 230
6.7 IMPLEMENTING A REPORT 234
6.7.1 LAYOUT OF THE REPORT 235
6.7.2 INTERACTION WITH TABLES 235
6.7.3 DERIVED ATTRIBUTES 235
6.7.4 IMPLEMENTING A REPORT IN ACCESS 236
6.8 ORGANIZING FORMS AND REPORTS INTO APPLICATIONS 242
6.9 DATABASE PASSWORD SECURITY 245
6.10 SUMMARY 246
REVIEW EXERCISES 247
CASE STUDIES 249
APPENDIX 6A TABLES USED IN THE CHAPTER 6 EXERCISES 255
APPENDIX 6B DATA FOR TRIAL EXERCISES 258
APPENDIX 6C VISUAL BASIC FOR APPLICATIONS OVERVIEW 258
APPENDIX 6D GROUP LEVEL AND USER LEVEL SECURITY 271
7 Executing an Information System Design Project: A Case Study 280
7.1 INTRODUCTION 280
7.2 PRELIMINARY STUDY AND PROBLEM DEFINITION PHASE 280
7.2.1 DESCRIPTION OF OPERATIONS 281
7.2.2 SYSTEM REDESIGN OBJECTIVES 286
7.2.3 DEFINING “AS IS” IDEF0 MODEL AND ESTABLISHING SYSTEM BOUNDARIES 288
7.3 DESIGN PHASE 293
7.3.1 IDENTIFYING USER INFORMATION NEEDS 294
7.3.2 DEFINING ENTITIES AND RELATIONSHIPS 294
7.3.3 DEFINING ATTRIBUTES 302
7.3.4 ESTABLISHING THE GLOBAL DATA MODEL 306
7.3.5 DEFINING SUPERCLASS/SUBCLASS RELATIONSHIPS 306
7.3.6 EVALUATING THE NEED FOR TRANSACTION ENTITIES 308
7.3.7 NORMALIZING THE DATA MODEL 308
7.3.8 FINALIZING AND VALIDATING A “TO BE” IDEF0 MODEL 308
7.3.9 FINALIZING AND VALIDATING AN IDEF1X GLOBAL INFORMATION MODEL 308
7.4 IMPLEMENTATION PHASE 309
7.5 SUMMARY 309
REVIEW EXERCISES 310
8 E-Business and Web-Enabled Databases 312
8.1 INTRODUCTION 312
8.2 AN HTML TUTORIAL 314
8.2.1 WEB PAGE DESIGN EXAMPLE 315
8.2.2 HTML PAGE TAGS 315
8.2.3 HTML TEXT BODY FORMATTING TAGS 319
8.2.4 ALIGNMENT, POSITIONING, AND FONT CONTROL 320
8.2.5 LINKING TO OTHER WEB SITES AND WEB PAGES 321
8.2.6 USING IMAGES 322
8.2.7 USING CASCADING STYLE SHEETS 324
8.2.8 USING FRAMES 326
8.2.9 LISTS 328
8.2.10 FORMS 330
8.3 ACTIVE SERVER PAGES 333
8.3.1 ADDING ASP CODE TO A WEB PAGE 335
8.3.2 ASP OBJECTS 335
8.3.3 PASSING DATA TO THE ASP FILE FROM A FORM 337
8.3.4 USING THE ASP SESSION OBJECT 340
8.3.5 USING ASP FOR DATABASE RETRIEVALS 343
8.3.6 DATABASE INTERACTION WITH FORMS 351
8.3.7 INSERTING NEW RECORDS INTO DATABASE TABLES 353
8.3.8 SUMMARY OF ASP 355
8.4 EXTENSIBLE MARKUP LANGUAGE (XML) 355
8.4.1 A WELL-FORMED XML DOCUMENT 356
8.4.2 VIEWING XML IN A BROWSER WINDOW 358
8.4.3 DOCUMENT TYPE DEFINITIONS 361
8.4.4 THE XML SCHEMA 364
8.4.5 PROCESSING XML FILES 366
8.5 SUMMARY 369
REVIEW EXERCISES 369
CASE STUDIES 372
APPENDIX 8A INSTALLING INTERNET INFORMATION SERVER SOFTWARE 379
APPENDIX 8B CREATING A DATA SOURCE NAME 380
APPENDIX 8C TABLES OF THE ORDERS. MDB DATABASE 383
APPENDIX 8D CORRECTING WRITE ERRORS WHEN USING MICROSOFT JET CONNECTION 384
9 Unified Modeling Language 388
9.1 INTRODUCTION 388
9.2 OBJECT-ORIENTED DESIGN CONCEPTS 389
9.3 UML DESIGN FORMALISMS 392
9.4 ARCHITECTURE DESIGN USING UML 393
9.4.1 USE CASE DIAGRAM 394
9.4.2 SEQUENCE DIAGRAM 395
9.4.3 ACTIVITY DIAGRAM 400
9.4.4 STATE CHART DIAGRAM 402
9.4.5 CLASS DIAGRAM 404
9.4.6 LOGICAL SYSTEM DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION 408
9.5 CASE STUDY: UNIVERSITY FOOD RECEIVING DEPARTMENT 412
9.5.1 USE CASE DIAGRAM 413
9.5.2 SEQUENCE DIAGRAM 415
9.5.3 ACTIVITY DIAGRAM 416
9.5.4 STATE CHART DIAGRAM 416
9.5.5 CLASS DIAGRAM 417
9.6 SUMMARY 418
REVIEW EXERCISES 418
10 Workflow Management Systems 420
10.1 INTRODUCTION 420
10.2 CLASSIFICATION OF WORKFLOWS 421
10.2.1 TRANSACTION WORKFLOWS 421
10.2.2 AD HOC WORKFLOWS 421
10.2.3 CLASSIFICATION BASED ON WORKFLOW TECHNOLOGY 421
10.3 WORKFLOW MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS 422
10.4 WORKFLOW BASICS: TASKS, TASK STRUCTURES, AND TASK DEPENDENCIES 423
10.4.1 TASK STRUCTURE 424
10.4.2 TASK DEPENDENCIES 426
10.5 MODELING WORKFLOWS USING STATE CHARTS 428
10.5.1 HIERARCHY 429
10.5.2 DYNAMICS 430
10.5.3 MODELING CONTROL-FLOW DEPENDENCIES USING ECA RULES 431
10.6 ILLUSTRATIVE EXAMPLE USING STATE CHARTS TO MODEL WORKFLOWS 432
10.7 ANALYSIS OF WORKFLOW PROCESS DEFINITIONS 438
10.8 SUMMARY 439
REVIEW EXERCISES 440
CASE STUDIES 442
Bibliography 444
Index 448